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2
Towards a Healthier Botswana
Ebola Synthesis Reference Document
Powell, Steve and others
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
(2017)
C1
Zambia has recognised the Public Health threat of antimicrobial resistance and its impact on morbidity and mortality, as well as the subsequent economic consequences. The country has recorded microorganisms which have developed resistance to antimic
...
robial drugs. Notable among these are; Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR), Human Immunodeficiency virus resistant to antiretroviral drugs, Plasmodium resistance to antimalarial drugs, and fungal species showing indications of resistance to antifungal drugs. Emergence of “Superbugs” such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Extended Spectrum beta-lactam (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) have also been reported.
more
Antibiotics have been a critical public health tool since the discovery of Penicillin in 1928, saving the lives of millions of people around the wo
...
rld. In developing country like ours, where the burden of treatable disease is very high and access to health facilities and laboratories is difficult, antibiotics have long acted as miracle drugs. Today, however, the emergence of drug
resistance in bacteria is reversing the miracles of the past eighty years, with drug choices for the treatment of many bacterial infections becoming increasingly limited, expensive, and in some cases, nonexistent. Diseases previously regarded as relatively easy to manage are much harder to treat as doctors must use “last-resort” drugs that are more costly, take longer to work
and are often unavailable or unaffordable in developing countries. Moreover, regular prescription of antibiotics, random treatment, over the counter sales, inadequate dosage, inclusion of antibiotics in animal feeds and agriculture has contributed equally to emergence of antibiotics resistance as silent epidemic within the country.
more
It is against this background that the Ministry of Health and Sanitation with its partners have
taken the lead to develop Essential Health Services Package (EHSP). The MOHS believes that the
development
...
of EHSP; defining the services that should be available at each level of care
(community to tertiary level), for each age cohort, and across each public health functions, not
only allows for more effective and equitable health service delivery, but also for the
establishment of a functional referral system and allocation of appropriate investments for high
impact interventions. The package is expected to set precedence in defining ‘essential’ set of
services for the population in Sierra Leone, structurally promoting integration of health services,
and providing succinct guidance to partners and stakeholders on the country priorities.
more
In Sierra Leone, Health care delivery is organized around a three-tier system i) primary level constituting peripheral health units (community health centers, community health posts, and maternal and child health posts secondary level constituting district hospitals tertiary level comprising region
...
al and national referral hospitals [Figure 3].
more
Standard treatment guidelines
recommended
National HIV Strategic Plan 2016-2021
Eye Health Systems Assessment (EHSA): Sierra Leone Country Report
Potter, A.L., Vandy, M., Smart, N. Blanchet, K.l.
Ministry of Health and Sanitation, International Centre for Eye Health, Sightsavers
(2013)
C2
District Level M & E Training and Reference Material for Primary Health Care Programmes