Antimicrobials are medicines, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, that are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites no longer respond to these medicines, ren...dering them ineffective and making infections more difficult to treat. This resistance increases the risk of disease spread, severe illness, disability, and death. Although AMR is a natural phenomenon driven by genetic
changes in pathogens, it is significantly accelerated by human activities such as the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in healthcare, agriculture, and animal husbandry.
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This job aid provides information for laboratorians about how to receive, process, and store dried blood spot specimens collected for early infant diagnosis, viral load, or drug resistance testing.
Document available in English, Spanish and French.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) January 16, 2015 / 64(01);20-27
This document updates recommendations for HIV testing by laboratories in the United States and offers approaches for reporting test results to persons ordering HIV tests and to public health authorities. The recommended algorithm is a sequence of tests used in combination to improve the accuracy of ...the laboratory diagnosis of HIV based on testing of serum or plasma specimens. The updated recommendations also include tests for HIV antigens and HIV nucleic acid because studies from populations at high risk for HIV demonstrate that antibody testing alone might miss a considerable percentage of HIV infections detectable by virologic tests
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For use with travelers who might have been exposed to patients with Ebola and are sick with symptoms consistent with Ebola infection and require further evaluation
Testing Guidance and Interpretation of Results for Healthcare providers
Testing Guidance and Interpretation of Results for Healthcare Providers Dengue and Zika Virus
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 4 December 2020. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6949e2
For General Healthcare Settings in West Africa
MMWR. Recommendations and Reports:
December 16, 2005 / 54(RR15);49-55