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Epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis

Franco J, Simarro P, Diarra A, Jannin J (2014) CC

The epidemiology of the disease is mediated by the interaction of the parasite (trypanosome) with the vectors (tsetse flies), as well as with the human and animal hosts within a particular environment. Related to these interactions, the disease is confined in spatially limited areas called “foci�... more

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Monitoring the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis at continental and country level: Update to 2018

Franco, JR.; Cecchi, G.; Priotto, G.; Paone, M.; Diarra, A. et al. (2020) CC

Over the past twenty years, huge efforts made by a broad coalition of stakeholders curbed the last epidemic and brought the disease to the brink of elimination. In this paper, the latest figures on disease occurrence, geographical distribution and control activities are presented. Strong evidence in... more

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Vector control and the elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The main purpose of the meeting was to review tsetse control tools, activities and their contribution to the elimination of gHAT and the monitoring thereof. Seven endemic countries provided reports on recent and ongoing vector control interventions at the national level (Angola, Cameroon, Côte d’... more

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Standard treatment guidelines oncology India

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India (2020) C1

Accessed Febr. 6, 2020

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Apercu des besoins humanitaires 2019

UNOCHA OCHA (2019)

La crise humanitaire que traverse la Centrafrique demeure complexe. Un total de 621 035 personnes sont déplacées à l’intérieur du pays et 572 984 personnes dans les pays voisins à la fin du mois d’août 2018. Le nombre de personnes dans le besoin est passé de 2,5 millions à 2,9 millions d... more

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Report on the 1st Symposium on Teenage Pregnancy in Uganda 2013

Ministry of Health Uganda; UNFPA; Marie Stopes Uganda, WHO (2013) C_WHO

THEME: TEENAGE PREGNANCY AN OBSTACLE TO MATERNAL HEALTH; LET US STOP IT NOW. 5th November 2013

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GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT, PREVENTION & CONTROL OF MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE IN SOUTH AFRICA

Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa (2011) C1

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Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing protocols for use with refugees and internally displaced persons (Arabic edition)

UNHCR; WHO; UNFPA (2004) C_WHO

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Operational Guidance: Breastfeeding Counselling in Emergencies

Emergency Nutrition Network ENN (2021) C2

Women and children, especially pregnant girls and women, infants and young children and postpartum women, are populations that are extremely vulnerable in emergencies. Breastfeeding provides children with hydration, comfort, connection, high quality nutrition and protection against disease, shieldin... more

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Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes

Haak, T.; Gölz, S.; Fritsche, A.; et al. German Diabetes Association (DDG) (2022) CC2

The document provides detailed clinical guidelines for the therapy of Type 1 Diabetes as developed by the German Diabetes Association (DDG). It focuses on individualized insulin therapy, structured patient training, and monitoring of blood glucose levels. The guidelines emphasize preventing complica... more

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Guidelines for Management of Type 1 Diabetes

Indian Council of Medical Research (2022) CC2

The ICMR type 1 diabetes guidelines come at a time when the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has disproportionately affected people with diabetes population, exposing them to a high risk for severe illness and mortality. Globally, diabetes was responsible for over fourmillion deaths in the year 2019. It was th... more

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A comprehensive review of cystic fibrosis in Africa and Asia

Abubakar, B.K.; Ahmad, U., Chau, D.M. et al. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences (2023) CC

Cystic ﬁbrosis (CF) was earlier thought to be a disease prevalent in the West among Caucasians. However, quite a number of recent studies have uncovered CF cases outside of this region, and reported hundreds of unique and novel variant forms of CFTR. Here, we discuss the evidence of CF in parts of... more

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Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Guidance for the African Region

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobials are medicines, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, that are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites no longer respond to these medicines, ren... more

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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde...d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

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National Community Health Strategy 2017-2022

Government of the Republic of Malawi (2017) CC

The Government of Malawi is committed to improving health and livelihoods in Malawi through community health – the provision of basic health services in rural and urban communities with the participation of people who live there. Historically, Community Health has significantly contributed to im... more

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Qualitative assessment of community health workers’ perspective on their motivation in community-based primary health care in rural Malawi

Ndambo, M.K.; Munyaneza, F.; Aron, M.B. et al. BMC Health Services Research (2022) CC

Background: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have a positive impact on the provision of community-based primary health care through screening, treatment, referral, psychosocial support, and accompaniment. With a broad scope of work, CHW programs must balance the breadth and depth of tasks to mainta...in CHW motivation for high-quality care delivery. Few studies have described the CHW perspective on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enhance their programmatic activities. Methods: We utilized an exploratory qualitative study design with CHWs employed in the household model in Neno District, Malawi, to explore their perspectives on intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and dissatisfiers in their work. Data was collected in 8 focus group discussions with 90 CHWs in October 2018 and March–April 2019 in seven purposively selected catchment areas. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using Dedoose. Results: Themes of complex intrinsic and extrinsic factors were generated from the perspectives of the CHWs in the focus group discussions. Study results indicate that enabling factors are primarily intrinsic factors such as positive patient outcomes, community respect, and recognition by the formal health care system but can lead to the chal- lenge of increased scope and workload. Extrinsic factors can provide challenges, including an increased scope and workload from original expectations, lack of resources to utilize in their work, and rugged geography. However, a posi- tive work environment through supportive relationships between CHWs and supervisors enables the CHWs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated enabling factors and challenges for CHW performance from their perspec- tive within the dual-factor theory. We can mitigate challenges through focused efforts to limit geographical distance, manage workload, and strengthen CHW support to reinforce their recognition and trust. Such programmatic empha- sis can focus on enhancing motivational factors found in this study to improve the CHWs’ experience in their role. The engagement of CHWs, the communities, and the formal health care system is critical to improving the care provided to the patients and communities, along with building supportive systems to recognize the work done by CHWs for the primary health care systems. more

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Access to health care for people with disabilities in rural Malawi: what are the barriers?

Harrison, J.A.K.; Thomson, R.; Banda, H.T. et al. BMC Public Health (2020) CC

People with disabilities experience significant health inequalities. In Malawi, where most individuals live in low-income rural settings, many of these inequalities are exacerbated by restricted access to health care services. This qualitative study explores the barriers to health care access experi... more

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Country cooperation strategy for WHO and Syrian Arab Republic: 2022-2025

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

WHO’s Country Cooperation Strategy (CCS) defines the Organization’s medium-term vision for working in and with a particular country. The CCS, developed in the context of global and national health priorities, examines the overall health situation in a country, including the state of the health s... more

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The efects of extreme heat on human health in tropical africa

Kunda J., Gosling S., Foody G. et al. (2024) C2

This review examines high-quality research evidence that synthesises the efects of extreme heat on human health in tropical Africa. Web of Science (WoS) was used to identify research articles on the efects extreme heat, humidity, Wet-bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), apparent temperature, wind, Heat ... more

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Report of the workshop for implementing the WHO South-East Asia Regional NCD Roadmap, 2022-2030 WHO

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The workshop aimed to support countries in the prioritization and acceleration of NCD prevention and management with a specific focus on accelerating the prevention and control of hypertension and diabetes, identifying the most impactful NCD interventions within their context, closing the gaps in ca... more