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This document aims to provide public health authorities in European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries with guidance for improved preparedness planning taking the lessons that have been identified through various activities in the context of recent public health crises (e.g. COVID-1
...
9 pandemic, mpox multi-country outbreak 2022–23) and translating them to concrete advice. This document, together with the ECDC recommendations on the implementation of public health and social measures (PHSMs) for health emergencies and pandemics published in 2024, form a package of concrete recommendations for preparedness planning for the EU/EEA countries. Lessons learned primarily from the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but also from the response to the multicountry mpox outbreak in 2022–23, were collected through various activities from Member States, the European Commission, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the WHO Regional Office from Europe. We have then presented these in the form of specific recommendations for planners within each phase of the continuous cycle of preparedness (Anticipation, Response and Recovery), following a prototype structure of a preparedness and response plan. In each section, we have presented a relevant example from a Member State or international organisation to illustrate their practice or attempt to implement lessons after COVID-19 or the mpox outbreak. These examples were identified either through literature review or communication with representatives of the countries within ECDC’s network for Preparedness and Response.
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The document “Strategic Framework for Strengthening Cross-Border Surveillance and Information Sharing in Africa” outlines a coordinated strategy developed by Africa CDC to improve public health surveillance and collaboration across national borders in Africa. It addresses the challenge that infe
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ctious diseases often spread across borders due to population movement, trade, and migration, while surveillance systems and data-sharing mechanisms frequently remain nationally focused and fragmented.
The framework proposes strengthening regional coordination, harmonizing surveillance systems, enhancing information sharing between countries, and building laboratory and workforce capacity. It also emphasizes timely detection of cross-border health threats, joint outbreak investigations, and improved communication among Member States. Overall, the document aims to enhance preparedness, early warning systems, and collective response to public health threats across the African continent.
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Populations affected by emergencies are continually at risk of outbreaks of epidemic-prone diseases and other public health hazards. This operational guidance aims to guide decision-making on when and how to implement and strengthen Early Warning Alert and Response (EWAR) in preparation for and resp
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onse to emergencies. Each module aims to provide updated operational guidance for EWAR practices, which may be more easily understood and applied during emergencies. Through its application, this operational guidance aims to contribute to:
- earlier detection of acute public health events
- earlier and more effective response
- reduced impact of emergencies on health
- increased trust of the population in the (public) health system
- fulfilling our collective commitments to the International Health Regulations (IHR,
2005).
This guidance was developed jointly by 69 experts from more than 20 organizations from global level to country level.
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The document “Mpox Continental Response Plan 2.0” outlines the strategy developed by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) to respond to the ongoing mpox outbreak across Africa. The plan describes coordinated
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actions to strengthen surveillance, laboratory capacity, case detection and contact tracing in affected countries. It also focuses on improving access to vaccines, diagnostics and treatment, supporting healthcare systems, and enhancing risk communication and community engagement. In addition, the document highlights the importance of regional and international cooperation, resource mobilization and technical support to help African countries control the outbreak and prevent further spread. Overall, the plan serves as a continental framework to guide a coordinated public health response to mpox in Africa.
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The Private Sector Engagement Strategy on HIV, STIs and TB is a is a guide that is both comprehensive
and focused, and it is to be used by businesses and corporations to actively participate in the HIV, STIs
and TB and Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) response. The goal of this strategy is to devel
...
op a
culture in the workplace that actively promotes HIV, STIs and TB prevention, awareness, and support for
employees impacted by HIV, STIs and TB. The strategy incorporates several essential components, such
as those pertaining to prevention and education, accessibility to testing and treatment, reduction of stigma,
community participation, strategic alliances, employee empowerment and wellness, and data-driven
decision-making
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The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is the world’s largest volunteer-based humanitarian network. With our 190 member National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies worldwide, we are in every community reaching 160.7 million people annually through long-term s
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ervices and development programmes, as well as 110 million people through disaster response and early recovery programmes. We act before, during and after disasters and health emergencies to meet the needs and improve the lives of vulnerable people. We do so with impartiality as to nationality, race, gender, religious beliefs, class and political opinions.
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The text explains the concept of disaster preparedness and outlines how societies can better prepare for and respond to emergencies. It describes key components such as risk assessment, planning, resource management, warning systems, and training, emphasizing that effective preparedness requires coo
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rdination between institutions, communities, and individuals. The text also highlights the importance of early warning systems, showing that not only technical accuracy but also clear communication and community response are crucial. Overall, it argues that disaster preparedness is an ongoing process that combines planning, capacity building, and practical measures to reduce risks and improve emergency response.
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The text is a report from a WHO meeting that focuses on strengthening research in the field of health emergency and disaster risk management (Health EDRM). It describes how experts from different regions discussed current challenges, progress, and future priorities in improving research to better pr
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epare for and respond to health emergencies and disasters. A central theme is the need for stronger collaboration between countries, institutions, and disciplines, as well as better use of evidence to support policies and decision-making. The report also outlines key actions, such as improving data sharing, developing practical guidance for policymakers, increasing research capacity—especially in low- and middle-income countries—and ensuring that research findings are effectively translated into real-world practice. Overall, the text emphasizes global cooperation and evidence-based strategies to enhance preparedness and resilience against health threats.
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Ukraine. Sitrep 2026: Fifth year of war: deepening humanitarian needs and impact on the HIV Response
As the war in Ukraine enters its fifth year, the humanitarian crisis continues to deepen, with profound consequences for access to essential services, including health care.
Modern warfare tactics, including the widespread use of drones and repeated attacks on critical infrastructure, are increasin
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g civilian harm and fundamentally reshaping how health services are delivered, especially in conflict-affected settings.
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Incorporating epidemics risk in the INFORM Global Risk Index
Poljanšek K., Marin-Ferrer M., Vernaccini L., Messina L.
European Commission – Joint Research Centre (JRC)
(2018)
C2
The document focuses on integrating epidemic risk into the INFORM Global Risk Index, a tool used to assess and compare crisis and disaster risks across countries. It explains how epidemics can significantly impact vulnerability and hazard exposure, and therefore should be systematically included in
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risk assessments. The report outlines methods, indicators, and data sources for incorporating epidemic risk into the index, improving its ability to capture health-related threats. Overall, the document aims to enhance risk analysis and support better preparedness, planning, and decision-making by providing a more comprehensive understanding of global risks.
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