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Trachoma disease

Trachoma Vaccine TracVac (2021) CC

Trachoma disease Trachoma is a sequela following infection by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis). The disease is preventable, but still the cause of blindness in 1.9 million people world wide.

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Chagas disease (also known as American trypanosomiasis)

World Health Organization WHO (2022) CC

Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. About 6–7 million people worldwide are estimated to be infected with T. cruzi. The disease is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 continental Lati... more

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The Chagas disease study landscape: A systematic review of clinical and observational antiparasitic treatment studies to assess the potential for establishing an individual participant-level

Maguire, B.; Dahal, P.; Rashan, S. et al. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2021) CC

Chagas disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects ~6–7 million people worldwide. Significant limitations still exist in our understanding of CD. Harnessing individual participant data (IPD) from studies could support more in-depth analyses to address the many outstanding rese... more

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Schistosomiasis Morbidity Hotspots: Roles of the Human Host, the Parasite and Their Interface in the Development of Severe Morbidity

Mawa, P.; Kincaid-Smith, J.; Tukahebwa, E. et al Frontiers in Immunology (2021) CC

Species of the genus Schistosoma are digenetic trematodes and the causative agents of the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) schistosomiasis; a parasitic disease that ranks second only to malaria in terms of socioeconomic impacts. Over 220 million people worldwide are currently infected, 90% of whom l... more

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Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Zida, A.; Briegel, J.; Kabré, I. et al. BioMed Central (2016) CC

Human schistosomiasis, a parasitic and often chronic illness, is one of the major neglected tropical diseases worldwide. It is estimated that 240 million people suffer from schistosomiasis, with more than 200000 fatalities recorded each year. Schistosomiasis is caused by an infection of the blood fl... more

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The Chagas disease study landscape: A systematic review of clinical and observational antiparasitic treatment studies to assess the potential for establishing an individual participant-level data plat

Maguire, B.J.; Dahal, P.; Rashan, S. et al. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2021) CC

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Elimination of onchocerciasis in Africa by 2025: the need for a broad perspective

Cupp, E.; Sauerbrey, M.; Cama, V. et al. National Library of Medicine (2019) CC

In response to the recent publication “Is onchocerciasis elimination in Africa feasible by 2025: a perspective based on lessons learnt from the African control programmes” by Dadzie et al., it is important to clarify and highlight the positive and unequivocal research and operational contributio... more

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Surveillance data for human leishmaniasis indicate the need for a sustainable action plan for its management and control, Greece, 2004 to 2018

Tzani M., Barrasa, A., Vakali, A. et al. Euro Surveillance (2020) CC

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania (Trypanosomatidae family); it is endemic in more than 98 countries worldwide [1]. Visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) leishmaniasis are the most common forms of the disease. VL causes a systemic dis... more

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LEPTOSPIROSIS Fact Sheet for Clinicians

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2018) CC

• Leptospirosis is a disease that is caused by spirochete bacteria in the genus Leptospira. There are 10 pathogenic species, and more than 250 pathogenic serovars. • While leptospirosis occurs worldwide, it is more common in tropical or sub-tropical climates.

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Chromoblastomycosis: a neglected tropical disease

Scientific Electronic Library Online SciELO (2015) CC

Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by a transcutaneous traumatic inoculation of a specific group of dematiaceous fungi occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical zones worldwide. If not diagnosed at early stages, patients with CBM... more

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What is scabies?

Goverment of Western Australia Department of Health (2023) CC

Human scabies is caused by an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). The microscopic scabies mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin where it lives and lays its eggs. Scabies is found worldwide and affects people of all races and social classes. Scabi... more

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Prevalence of Scabies and Associated Factors among Primary School Children in Raya Alamata District, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2017/2018

Tefera, S.; Teferi, M.; Ayalew, A. et al. ClinMed International Library (2020) CC

Scabies is a skin infection that is a result of direct skin to skin contact and is primarily mediated by close and extended contact with scabies infested person. Scabies occurs worldwide among people of all ages, races, genders and social classes and has been identified as a neglected tropical infec... more

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What is Scabies? Fact sheet

Research Institute for Tropical Medicine Department of Health (2018) CC

Scabies is an itchy skin condition caused by a tiny burrowing mite. This eight-legged bug is so small which makes it hard to see on the skin. Approximately 300 million cases of scabies are reported worldwide each year.

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Education and Community Engagement is integral to our mass Vaccination Projects

Mission Rabies (2023) CC

Children are at high risk of dog bites and contracting rabies. Forty percent of reported rabies cases worldwide are children under the age of fifteen. In our project areas, the proportion of children dying is often even higher. Rabies most often persists in poor communities and rural regions of deve... more

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Global patient safety action plan 2021–2030: towards eliminating avoidable harm in health care

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Today, patient harm due to unsafe care is a large and growing global public health challenge and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Most of this patient harm is avoidable. As countries strive to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals, t... more

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Ukraine Conflict: Impact on food security - Issue Brief

Berger, N.; The MEDBOX Team (2023) CC

The war has not only triggered the largest movement of refugees in Europe since the end of the Second World War. Its manifold effects can be seen worldwide: forexample, consumer prices have risen and, in view of blocked grain exports of wheat, barley, and maize, food security in Africa is at risk. ... more

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Current epidemiological evidence for predisposition to high or low intensity human helminth infection: a systematic review

Wright J.E., Werkman M., Dunn J.C. et al Parasites and Vectors (2018) C2

Background: The human helminth infections include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infections, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis. It is estimated that almost 2 billion people worldwide are infected with helminths. Whilst the WHO treatment guidelines for helminth infecti...ons are mostly aimed at controlling morbidity, there has been a recent shift with some countries moving towards goals of disease elimination through mass drug administration, especially for LF and onchocerciasis. However, as prevalence is driven lower, treating entire populations may no longer be the most efficient or cost-effective strategy. Instead, it may be beneficial to identify individuals or demographic groups who are persistently infected, often termed as being “predisposed” to infection, and target treatment at them. Methods: The authors searched Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, and Web of Science for all English language, humanbased papers investigating predisposition to helminth infections published up to October 31st, 2017. The varying definitions used to describe predisposition, and the statistical tests used to determine its presence, are summarised. Evidence for predisposition is presented, stratified by helminth species, and risk factors for predisposition to infection are identified and discussed. Results: In total, 43 papers were identified, summarising results from 34 different studies in 23 countries. Consistent evidence of predisposition to infection with certain species of human helminth was identified. Children were regularly found to experience greater predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium than adults. Females were found to be more predisposed to A. lumbricoides infection than were males. Household clustering of infection was identified for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and S. japonicum. Ascaris lumbricoides and T. trichiura also showed evidence of familial predisposition. Whilst strong evidence for predisposition to hookworm infection was identified, findings with regards to which groups were affected were considerably more varied than for other helminth species. Conclusion: This review has found consistent evidence of predisposition to heavy (and light) infection for certain human helminth species. However, further research is needed to identify reasons for the reported differences between demographic groups. Molecular epidemiological methods associated with whole genome sequencing to determine ‘who infects whom’ may shed more light on the factors generating predisposition. more

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Drug discovery for chagas disease: A viewpoint

Kratz J.M. Elsevier (2019) C2

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is a significant public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. And although it was described 110 years ago, only two old nitroheterocyclic drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, are cu... more

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Investing to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: third WHO report on neglected tropical diseases

World Health Organization WHO (2015) C_WHO

Investing to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases charts new ground in tackling the 17 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that aff ect more than a billion people in 149 countries worldwide. It makes the case for domestic investment to reach the targets of WHO’s Roadmap on NTDs... more

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WHO research for hand hygiene in health care 2023–2030: summary

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Hand hygiene is vital for safe health care delivery, yet practices at the point of care remain suboptimal worldwide. A comprehensive research agenda is therefore necessary to improve our understanding of factors influencing hand hygiene behaviour and to strengthen appropriate interventions. This age... more