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WHO’s antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinic-based acquired drug resistance survey method yields robust estimates of HIV viral suppression and acquired HIV drug resistance in adults, children and adolescents taking both dolutegravir and non-dolutegravir based regimens. Results are used to inform A ... more
HIV drug resistance strategies focus on prevention through adherence and treatment optimization, surveillance to monitor resistance trends, and innovation in new drugs and diagnostics. Key approaches include implementing national action plans, strengthening laboratory capacity for monitoring, and pr ... more
This report aims to provide countries and suppliers with estimates of the global market for antiretroviral (ARV) medicines in low- and middle-income countries for 2021–2025. The report includes estimates of the global demand for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and ARV formulations for adu ... more
Guidelines on lenacapavir for HIV prevention and testing strategies for long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis. Web Annex G Abstract
This brief report summarizes recent information on HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in the era of integrase-strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) for HIV prevention and treatment.
Topics in Antiviral Medicine, March 4, 2025
CDC leads an international surveillance effort to estimate the occurrence of HIV drug resistance among people with HIV who are taking dolutegravir (DTG)-based treatments. This surveillance effort utilizes Cyclical Acquired HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance (CADRE), a laboratory-based HIV drug resista ... more
During ARV drug pressure the HIV-1 RT is able to develop resistance to these drugs by generating mutations

HIV Drug Resistance

Gingo, D. Ministry of Health, Uganda (2022) C1
ATIC Newsletter, Vol 15, Issue 1, February 2022.
СТАНДАРТ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ. These clinical guidelines, released by the Ukraine Ministry of Health in 2025, include the latest recommendations for HIV services, including oral PrEP and injectable cabotegravir (CAB) for PrEP.
These guidelines, produced in 2022 by the Uganda Ministry of Health, provide guidance on the diagnosis of HIV, the care of people living with HIV, and the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection, including injectable cabotegravir and the dapivirine vaginal ring.
what lessons can we take from the last few decades of health behaviour change efforts as we enter the era of HIV prevention pills, rings and injections?
Questions and answers. A key priority is preventing the interruption of current HIV treatment and prevention medicines. This Q&A outlines advice when this is not possible. Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish
These 2025 guidelines respond to the need for better approaches to identify advanced HIV disease, improve the poor outcomes of people living with HIV being discharged from hospital and provide updated guidance for treatment for Kaposi’s sarcoma through evidence-informed recommendations. The public ... more
About six in ten adolescents 10-19 years of age living with HIV are on antiretroviral medications
Slightly more than half of children under 15 years of age living with HIV are on antiretroviral medications
JAMA. 2025;333(7):609–628. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.24543
The framework recommends expanded coverage of malaria diagnostic and treatment services, intensified vector control to drive down transmission, strengthened malaria surveillance, and increased transborder collaboration, especially in terms of efforts to control the sale and use of artemisinin monoth ... more
The aim of the operational framework is to ensure 1) accurate collection, handling, shipment and storage of specimens collected in countries implementing HIV drug resistance surveillance; and 2) the availability of quality-assured HIV genotyping laboratory services producing comparable and reliable ... more
Demographic and socioeconomic data Progress towards HIV testing and treatment cascade targets by 2025 (2023) Health sector cascade (2023) Estimated number of people newly infected with HIV