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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde...d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

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Community Health Extension Workers Strategy in Uganda (2015/16- 2019/20)

Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda (2016) C1

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Kenya Health Sector Strategic Plan 2018-2023

World Health Organisation (2018) C_WHO

Transforming Health Systems: Achieving Universal Health Coverage by 2022. The development of the Kenya Health Sector Strategic Plan 2018–2023 is guided by the Constitution of 2010, the Kenya Vision 2030 and the Kenya Health Policy 2014–2030.

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Philippines: MNCHN Strategy Manual of Operations

Depar tment of Health, National Center for Disease Prevention and Control (2011) C1

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DRR Working Group Strategic Framework 2013–2018

DRR [Disaster Risk Reduction] Working Group Myanmar (2014) C1

The changes occurring in Myanmar highlight the need to have a robust DRR network that can support the Government as well as the communities in their efforts to build a resilient Myanmar. To this end, the DRR WG devised and facilitated a multi-stakeholder process aiming to develop its Strategic Frame... more

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National Community Health Worker Strategy in Zambia

Ministry of Health, Zambia (2010) C1

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WHO Country Cooperation Strategy Nepal, 2013-2017

World Health Organisation (WHO) Country Office for Nepal (2013) C_WHO

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Nepal Health Sector Strategy Implementation Plan 2016-2021
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Governement of Nepal, Ministry of Health (2017) C1

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UNAIDS Board adopts new global AIDS strategy which paves the way to end AIDS by 2030

UNAIDS (2021) C_WHO

The new Global AIDS Strategy 2021–2026, End Inequalities, End AIDS, is a bold approach that uses an inequalities lens to close the gaps preventing progress to end AIDS

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National Eye Health Strategic Plan 2020 - 2025

Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Health (2020) CC

This Eye health strategic plan presents the Ministry of Health’s five year proposed strategies for eye care in Kenya. It sets the strategic direction for the National Eye Health Care System and presents information on the priorities, objectives and indicators that the Ministry has adopted espe... more

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National Union of Disability Organisations of Rwanda - STRATEGIC PLAN: 2015 - 2020

National Union of Disability Organisations of Rwanda (NUDOR) (2015) C2

NUDOR’s first strategic plan (2010-2016) focused on establishing NUDOR as a viable, well-run organisation. Significant progress has been made towards these aims and therefore the strategy and has been reviewed by NUDOR board, secretariat and member organisations. The updated strategic plan now cov... more

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National Safe Surgery Strategic PLAN

Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia (2016) CC

National Safe Surgery Strategic PLAN Saving Lives Through Safe Surgery (SaLTS) Strategic Plan 2016–2020

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National Communication Strategy for Malaria Control in Uganda

Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda (2015) C1

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Recommendations on strategic priorities on the situation of persons with disabilities from Latin America and Caribbean experts

United Nation ECLAC (2015) CC

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National Ebola Recovery Strategy for Sierra Leone 2015–2017

Government of Sierra Leone (2015)

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The Somali strategy for Cholera prevention and control 2020-2024
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Government of SomaliaWorld Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae serogroup O1 or O139, and is often linked to unsafe drinking water, lack of proper sanitation and personal hygiene. It adversely affects mostly the poor and vulnerable populations in countries, which are already d... more