Erik Blas, Johannes Sommerfeld and Anand Sivasankara Kurup
1
Erin Berry-Bibee, Melissa Chen, Kathryn Curtis et al.
1
ESD Expert Net
1
et al. (Джеймса Баера
1
et al.)
1
etc al.
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
1
European Commission
1
European Commission Joint Research Centre
1
European Interagency Security Forum (EISF)
1
European Public Health Alliance (EPHA), Changing Markets
1
European Scientific Journal
1
EVA JACQUELINE ETONGUE MAYER
1
Evert, J.
1
F. A. E. Sosso, O. Nakamura
1
F. Verde
1
Fadahunsi, W.
1
Fast, Larissa and Adele Waugaman
1
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health
1
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health
1
Federal Ministries of Agriculture, Environment and Health
1
Federal Ministries of Health & Youth Development
1
Federal Ministry of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
1
Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria , World Health Organisation (WHO), DFID, et al.
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Dept. of Public Health, National HIV
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Ferri
1
FG Consulting Group
1
fhi360
1
Field Actions Science Reports
1
Fleischer, K. et al.
1
Flying Publisher
1
Flying Publisher, Boehringer Ingelheim
1
Food and Agriculture Organization on the United Nations
1
Francis E. Klutse Dagbah
1
Franco Mascayano, Thamara Tapia, Sara Schilling, Rubén Alvarado, Eric Tapia, Walter Lips, Lawrence H. Yang
1
Fritsch, P.
1
Gabriel Daniel, Kwesi Eghan
1
Gerald Keusch, Keith McAdam, Patricia Cuff, Michelle Mancher, and Emily R. Busta
1
German Bishops' Conference Research Group on International Church Affairs
1
Ghana AIDS Commission
1
GiZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
1
Gjergji, M.
1
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
1
Global Fund
1
Global Health Watch
1
Global MICS Programme
1
Global Policy Forum Europe e.V.
1
Global Polio Eradication
1
Global Preparedness Monitoring Board
1
Global Social Service Workforce Alliance, UNICEF
1
Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC)
1
Globalization and Health
1
GNP+ (Global Network of people living with HIV)
1
GOARN, FAO, et al.
1
Gojka Roglic, Cherian Varghese, Leanne Riley et al.
1
Government of Guinea
1
Government of India, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Department of Pharmaceuticals
1
Government of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation
1
Government of Sierra Loene, WHO
1
Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Government of the Republic of Zambia
1
Government of the Syrian Arab Republic, UN Development Programme
1
Government of Zambia and the United Nations in Zambia
1
Graham, S.M.et al.
1
Greenpeace Germany
1
H. Getahun
1
H. Hafizi
1
H. Ritchie
1
H. Sloot
1
H. T. Ayele, M. S. M. van Mourik, T. P. A. Debray, et al.
1
H. Thirumurthy, E. Omanga, B. Obonyo et al.
1
Haid Haid
1
Haja R. Wurie, Mohamed Samai and Sophie Witter, Human Resources for Health
1
Harvard Humanitarian Initiative
1
Health Action International Africa
1
Health Care Without Harm
1
Health Care Without Harm Asia
1
Health Finance & Governance
1
HEART
1
hler, Oliver Razum, Jean-Olivier Schmidt
1
Hodgson, L. et al.
1
Hospice Palliative Care Association of SOUTH AFRICA
1
HSRC (Human Sciences Research Council)
1
Hugo Slim and Lorenzo Trombetta
1
Human Resources for Health
1
Human Rights Watch, Congo Research Group - Groupe d’Étude sur le Congo
1
Humanitarian Evidence Programme, Oxford, Oxfam
1
Humanitarian Practice Network
1
I. Couto
1
I. Faturiyele, D. Karletsos, K. Ntene-Sealiete, et al.
1
I. Fronteira
1
I. Semini
1
I.J. Emodi
1
IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee
1
icco (Partner to enterprising people)
1
ICF Macro
1
ICF Macro, USA
1
IFCR
1
Ilona Kickbusch
1
Ilona Kickbusch, Christian Franz, Anna Holzscheiter, Iris Hunger, Albrecht Jahn, Carsten Kö
1
iMedPub Journals
1
Indefes - Terre des Hommes
1
INERELA+(Positive Faith in Action)
1
Infections & Morbidities
1
Institute for Public Policy Research
1
Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies
1
Inter-Agency Standing Committee
1
International AIDS Society (IAS)
1
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank
1
International Centre for Diarrhoeal disease Research
1
International Centre for Evidence in Disability (ICED)
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society (IFRC)
1
International Federation Reference Centre for Psychosocial Support
1
International HIV/AIDS
1
International HIV/AIDS Alliance
1
International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie)
1
International Institute for Environment and Development, Norwegian Refugee Council, International Rescue Committee, World Vision
1
International Journal of Development Research
1
International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Educa tion and Behavioural Science
1
International Journal of Mental Health Systems
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union)
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, World Health Organization
1
IOM
1
Ipas
1
Irwin A, Scali E
1
Isaac L. Baker, Brittany L. Card, Nathaniel A. Raymond
1
ISDR
1
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1
J. Ananworanich
1
J. Bushee
1
J. Caldwell
1
J. de Jesus Mari, D. Razzouk, R. Thara, et al.
1
J. Dewbre
1
J. Langer and J. Slawomirski
1
J. M. Humphrey
1
J. Njala
1
J. Peebles
1
J. Powell
1
J. Ripley
1
J. Slikker
1
J. T. Galea
1
J. Wolf
1
J.Hows
1
Jacobs Foundation
1
JAMES MACHARIA
1
Jan Egeland, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
1
Jan H. Kolaczinski, et al.
1
Jane Phiri and John E Ataguba
1
Jens Martens and Karolin Seitz
1
Jogerst, K.
1
John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
1
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
1
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
1
Jorge Emmanuel and Ruth Stringer
1
Jose Michael
1
Joseph M Rey
1
José A. Caminero
1
Journal of AIDS and HIV Infections
1
Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience
1
Journal of Virus Eradication
1
JSI Research & Training Institute
1
K. Asedeu
1
K. Attawell
1
K. Boegel
1
K. Butler
1
K. Elder
1
K. Lauer
1
K. Safreed-Harmon
1
K. vinh quoc Luong, L. T. H. Nquyen
1
K.Geffert
1
K.K. Iloh
1
Kamala Achu, Kathy Al Jubah, Svein Brodtkorb, Philippe Chervin, Peter Coleridge, Mike Davies, Sunil Deepak, Kenneth Eklindh, Ann Goerdt, Cindy Greer, Karen Heinicke-Motsch, Derek Hooper, Venus B Ilagan, Natalie Jessup, Chapal Khasnabis, Diane Mulligan, Barbara Murray, Alana Officer, Francesca Ortali, Bob Ransom, Aline Robert, Sue Stubbs, Maya Thomas, Venkatesh Balakrishna et Roselyn Wabuge-Mwangi.
1
Kapungwe, A.
1
Karolin Seitz
1
Katie Murphy, Sandra Maignant, Laura Boone, Sarah Smith
1
Kato-Wallace, J.
1
Kazembe, L.N. & Neema, I.
1
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Health, National AIDS Control Council, Kenya Medical Research Institute, National Council for Population and Development, Kenya,The DHS Program, ICF International
1
Knipper, M.
1
KNV
1
Kola, L.
1
Kwonjune J. Seung, Michael L. Rich, Amy Elizabeth Barrera-Cancedda et al.
1
L. L. Abuogi
1
L. Messner, L. Crye
1
L. N. Chigbu, C. U. Iroegbu
1
L. Storrow
1
Laaser, U., F. Beluli
1
Lancet 2017;
1
Lancet Glob Health
1
Leonard Cheshire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre
1
Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS), Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Program, Liberia and ICF International
1
Lili Mohiddin, Gabrielle Smith
1
Linda Lehman, Valérie Simonet, Paul Saunderson, and Pius Agbenorku
1
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)
1
Loulou Kobeissi
1
Luzi, S
1
Lynn Cockburn, Timothy N. Fanfon, Alexa Bramall et al.
1
M. Archary
1
M. Cabra
1
M. Couldrey
1
M. Do
1
M. Gaanderse
1
M. Gjergji
1
M. Gutmann
1
M. Herson
1
M. Hodaj
1
M. J. Stirratt
1
M. L. Scanlon
1
M. M.L. dos Santos
1
M. Mireku,M. Kiruki, R. McCollum, et al.
1
M. Muñoz
1
M. Nakamura
1
M. Prescott, C. Boeke, T. Gotora, et al.
1
M. R. Jordan
1
M. Roser
1
M. Schneider
1
M. Schomaker
1
M. Sharer, H. Cornman, et al.
1
M. SHOWKAT GANI et al.
1
M. Smelyanskaya, C. Daniels, et al.
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan (The Focus Group Consulting)
1
M. Thorogood
1
M. Wong
1
M.-A. Davies
1
M.Lyman, M.J. Stucke, et al.
1
M.N. Ngongondo
1
Ma. B. Alves de Souza
1
Macro International Inc., USA
1
Mageni, Judith Nekesa, Ann Mwagni, Samwel Mbugua, and Vincent Mukthar
1
Maina T., Kirigia D.
1
Maisha (National AIDS Control Council)
1
Malaria Consortium
1
Malawi Ministry of Health
1
Mallick L., Winter R., Wong W., et al.
1
Mallick, Lindsay, Courtney Allen, and Rathavuth Hong
1
Mallick, Lindsay, Tukur Dahiru, and Kerry L.D. MacQuarrie
1
Management Sciences for Health
1
Managment of Health Sciences MSH
1
Mandrup, L. & Elklit, A.
1
Manuel Sanchez-Montero and Núria Salse Ubach
1
Mapako, Tonderai, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Maarten J. Postma, Marinus van Hulst, Janet Dzangare, Stellah Ngwende, John Mandisarisa, Ponesai Nyika, David A. Mvere, Owen Mugurungi, and Mufuta Tshimanga
1
Marcella Deluca, Carlo Tramontano, Maria Kett
1
March of Dimes
1
Mariam Kirollos, Caroline Anning, Gunvor Knag Fylkesnes et al.
1
Mario R Dal Poz, Neeru Gupta, Estelle Quain and Agnes LB Soucat
1
Mark, A.
1
Mary Amuyunzu-Nyamongo
1
Mary Kay Kindhauser, Tomas Allen, Veronika Frank, et al.
1
Mary Keogh, Monika Brenes, Priska Gronenberg et al.
1
Masibo, Peninah K
1
Masumbuko ClaudeK, Underschultz J,Hawkes MT
1
Matthew Benage
1
Matthew Hodes and Susan Gau
1
Mauder, S.
1
MCNV, Global Initiative on Psychiatry, and World Granny
1
ME Loeb, Arne H Eide
1
Measles Initiative
1
MEASURE
1
MedGrave
1
Medical Mission Institute
1
Medical Peace Work
1
Medicus Mundi International Network (MMI)
1
Meershoek A, Zwerling A, Daftary A, Citro B, Smyth C, Lewis D
1
Mehari, Asmeret Moges
1
Meierhofer, R
1
Melissa Leach
1
Mental Health Improvements for Nations Development (MIND)
1
Médecins sans Frontières
1
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)
1
Médecins sans Frontières MSF
1
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social Paraguay
1
Ministère de la Santé, DR Congo
1
Ministry of Education, Rwanda
1
Ministry of Finance and National Planning, Zambia
1
Ministry of Health & Child Welfare
1
Ministry of Health & Ministry of Local Government, Gabarone, Botswana
1
Ministry of Health & Sanitation, Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Child Care & UNICEF
1
Ministry of Health and Child Care, Zimbabwe
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation (Sierra Leone), UNICEF, Helen Keller International, and WHO
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitaton Sierra Leone and UNICEF Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS)
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS), Namibia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS), UNAIDS
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services, Namibia
1
Ministry of Health Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana, World Health Organizaiotn (WHO) and Ghana Health Service
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Liberia
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Rwanda
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Kenya
1
Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon
1
Ministry of Public Health, Quatar
1
Ministry of State for Special Programmes (MSSP) and Ministry of Provincial Administration and Internal Security - National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC), Kenya
1
Misereor
1
Mixed Migration Platform (MMP)
1
MPact: Global Action for Gay Men’s Health and Rights
1
MSEREOR, Brot für die Welt, Global Policy Forum Europe
1
MSF
1
MSH, USAID
1
MSMGF
1
Msuya, Sia E., Juma Adinan, and Neema Mosha
1
Muga R., Ndavi P., Kizito P. et al.
1
Murat Sahin, Emily Bamford, Lisa Bender et al.
1
Mursaleena Islam
1
Mutuku, Andrew Kyalo
1
N. B. Carbone
1
N. G. Kiobi, S. N. Nebere, J. K. Karanja
1
N. K. Ngandu
1
N. Nguyen
1
N. Solé, A. Marco, M Escribano, A. Orcau, et al.
1
N. Wekwete
1
N.Dean
1
NADMO Ghana
1
Nankinga, O.
1
Nathan J. Blanchet and Osei B. Acheampong
1
National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) Sierra Leone, Statistics Sierra Leone, University of Sierra Leone, et al.
1
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1
National Agency for Control of AIDS (NACA)
1
National AIDS Commission Liberia
1
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
1
National AIDS Council, Zimbabwe
1
National AIDS Secretariat Sierra Leone, et al.
1
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)
1
National Center for TB and Leprosy Control, Cambodia
1
National Department of Health, South Africa
1
National Dept. of Health, South Africa
1
National HIV and AIDS Secretariat
1
National HIV/AIDS/STI/TB Council
1
National HIVAIDS Council Zambia
1
National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Nairobi, Kenya, and ICF International
1
National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Zambia
1
National Malaria Elimination Programme Federal Ministry of Health National Population Commission, National Bureau of Statistics Federal Republic of Nigeria , et al.
1
National Malaria Elimination Programme Federal Republic of Nigeria Abuja, Nigeria et al.
1
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Agency for International Development
1
National Population Commission (NPC
1
National Statistical Office Zomba, Malawi
1
National Tubercolis and Leprosy Control Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria
1
NC AIDS Action Network (Education, Advocacy, Community)
1
NCTSN
1
NDP 2030
1
Neddy Matshalaga
1
Nepal Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, and ICF International
1
Network for the Control of Public Health Threats in the Mediterranean Region and South East Europe
1
Network of HIV Positives in Sierra Leone
1
NFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting (FGM/C)
1
Niederberger, E.
1
Nkhoma, L. et all.
1
Nkomazana, O., Peersman, W., Willcox, M., et al.
1
Norad
1
Norah Niland and Riccardo Polastro (co-team leaders), Antonio Donini and Amra Lee.
1
Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1
Norwegian Refugee Council on behalf of the Inter Agency Standing Committee and the Global Protection Cluster
1
Norwegian Refugee Council, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
1
NRSAD (National Religious Association for Social Development)
1
Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) and the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (JHU)
1
Obago, Irene T
1
OECD
1
OECD Publishing
1
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
1
Olivia Tiberi
1
Organisation mondiale de la Santé
1
organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Fédération internationale pharmaceutique (FIP)
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud (Las Americas) (World Health Organization)
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), Federación Internacional Farmacéutica (FIP)
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud y Alzheimer’s Disease International
1
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
1
OSF and OSISA the Centre for Human RightsPretoria University Law Press (PULP)
1
P. Brouwers
1
P. Drain, and T. Hall
1
P. J. de Vries
1
P. Kruger
1
P. Mulongeni
1
P. Ozório
1
P. Pipero
1
P. Wamala-Mucheri, C. Otterness, et al.
1
Paget Stanfield, Martin Brueton, Michael Chan, Michael Parkin, and Tony Waterston
1
Palanivel, T. , et al.
1
Pandey, J. P., M.R. Dhakal, S. Karki, P. Poudel, and M.S. Pradhan
1
Patrick R. Kenya, Prince-Albert Roberts, Joseph Kobba, et al.
1
People's Health Movement
1
Peprah Opoku,M.
1
Peter Berry, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Carlos Corvalan, and Joy Guillemot
1
Philippine Statistic Authority
1
Plan
1
PMC Public Health
1
Population Council
1
PRAKSIS
1
President's Malaria Initiative
1
Pretoria University Law Press (PULP)
1
Prison Department
1
Project Soar
1
PROMUNDO-US, UNFPA
1
PtoP (From Protection to Protection)
1
PubMed
1
Purgato, M., Gross, A.L., Betancourt, T., et al
1
R. Baggaley
1
R. Barnabas
1
R. C. Vreeman
1
R. Coker
1
R. Doshi
1
R. Edon
1
R. Gustav
1
R. H. Remien
1
R. Knottneruset al.
1
R. Shenoy, M. Das, H. Mansoor, et al.
1
R. Velayudhan
1
RACGP
1
Rada Noeva, Nassim Benali, Emily Garin et al.
1
Rasmussen, D.J., Karsberg, S., Karstoft, K-I. & Elklit, A.
1
Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus Program
1
Ravi Narayan and Unnikrishnan PV
1
Reach Out
1
Rediscovering Biology
1
RedR UK
1
Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford
1
Refugee Study Centre
1
Regional Office for Africa
1
Regional Office for Europe
1
Regional refugee & resilience plan in response to the Syria crisis
1
Rehabilitation Division
1
ReliefWeb
1
Reproductive and Child Health Directorate
1
Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Health
1
Republic of Rwanda
1
Republic of Senegal , Ministry of Public Health and Prevention, Department of Medical Prevention
1
Republic of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation
1
Republic of Zambia, Ministry of Gender
1
ResearchGate
1
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
1
Richard Carr, Yves Chartier, Windy Gancayco Prohom et al.
1
Ridsdel, B
1
Ross, A.
1
Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
1
S. Ali, A. Haileamlak, A. Wieser, et al.
1
S. Asfaw
1
S. E. Mellors
1
S. Ferron and M. O'Reilly
1
S. Gwavuya
1
S. Hermans
1
S. M. Kibusi
1
S. M. Nsagha
1
S. Marzouk and H. Choi
1
S. Meshnick, M. Janko, S. Doctor, et al.
1
S. Mokitimi
1
S. Seedat
1
S. Tanna
1
Sachs, J. D.
1
Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition
1
SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS
1
SAMJ Research
1
Sandra Kong
1
Sarah Frost, Kylie Mines, Jamie Noon, Elsje Scheffler, and Rebecca Jackson Stoeckle
Sheila Leatherman, Somen Saha, Marcia Metcalfe, et al.
1
Shemsedin Toyba et al.
1
Shumba, T.W.
1
Sida
1
SINTEF Health Research
1
Social Science in Humanitarian Action: A Communication for Development Platform
1
Solidarités International
1
South African Government
1
South African Journal of Psychiatry
1
South African National AIDS council (our Action count)
1
South African National AIDS Council, et al.
1
South Sudan Public Health Emergency Operations Center (PHEOC)
1
Southern African Development Community
1
Spotlight NSP
1
SSRC
1
Standing committee on Nutrition SCN, et al.
1
Start Network
1
Statistics Sierra Leone
1
Statistics South Africa
1
Staveteig, S.
1
Stefan Mauss, et al.
1
Stefan Mauss, Thomas Berg, Jürgen Rockstroh et al.
1
Stephen Graham, Malgosia Grzemska, Suzanne Hill et al
1
STEPS Centre, Institute of Development Studies
1
Stop TB
1
Stree Shakti-The Parallel Force, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
1
Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems (SPS) Program
1
STRIVE
1
Suter, F
1
Swain, K.D., Pillay, B.J. & Kliewer, W.
1
Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS)
1
Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS)
1
Sæbønes, A., Bieler, R. B., Baboo, N., et al
1
T. D. Benton
1
T. Driscoll
1
T. Jaenisch, K.D. Rosenberger, C. Brito, et al
1
Takarinda, Kudakwashe C., Lydia K. Madyira, Mutsa Mhangara, Victor Makaza, Memory Maphosa, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Peter H. Kilmarx, Tsitsi Mutasa-Apollo, Getrude Ncube, and Anthony D. Harries
1
Tamara Adrián-Hernandez,Elham Atalla, George Ayala et al.
1
Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS)
1
Tarkang EE, Gbogbo S, Lutala PM
1
Taylor & Francis Group
1
TB CARE1
1
TDR
1
tein, D. J.et al.
1
The Brookings Institution’s International Volunteering and Service Initiative
1
The Cameroon Academy of Sciences
1
The Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) Global Cohort Collaboration
1
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
1
The Estonian Ministry of Justice
1
The Global Forum on MSM and HIV (MSMGF)
1
The Government of Malawi
1
the Government of Sierra Leone, the Medical Research Centre, the University of Sierra Leone, the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Text to Change, and MannionDaniels
1
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1
The Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Healt
1
The Journal of Global Health
1
The Kingdrom of Swaziland
1
The Lancet
1
The Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development Uganda
1
The National Child Traumatic Stress Network
1
The Open AIDS Journal
1
The Pact
1
The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health
1
The Polio Global Eradication Initiative
1
The Population Council
1
The Same Sun (UTSS)
1
The Sphere Project
1
The World Bank Group
1
Theo Smart
1
Thomas Joseph, Nathalie Likhite, Lana Syed et al.
1
Ties Boerma, Jennifer Requejo, Cesar Victora et al.
1
Tim Holland, Alyson Holland
1
Tobler, M
1
Travis Yates, Jelena V. Allen, Myriam Leandre Joseph et al.
1
Tribuna del Investigador
1
Tufts University, Oxfam
1
TUN, Waimar, et al.
1
U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), CDC, USAID, et al.
1
Uganda Aids Commission
1
Uganda Aids Commission, Republic of Uganda
1
UN Cartographic Section
1
UN Development Programme, UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response
1
UN Human Rights Council
1
UN Industrial Development Organization
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
1
UNADS
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV
1
UNAIDS, UNICEF
1
UNAIDS, UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)
1
UNC Charlotte
1
UNESCO
1
UNESCO Publishing (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
1
UNESDOC Digital Library
1
UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund)
1
UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency)
1
UNHCR The UN Refugee Agency
1
Unicef (Eastern and Southern Africa Office)
1
Unicef, Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, The Republic of Uganda
1
UNICEF, UNESCO, Asia Pacific Network of People living with HIV
1
Unicef, WHO
1
UNIFEM
1
UNITAID
1
UNITAID Secretariat, World Health Organization
1
United Nations and Partners
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) & United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) & World Health Organisation (WHO)
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Education Development Trust, Ministry of Education in Rwanda (MINEDUC)
1
United Nations Development Programme
1
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
1
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
1
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
1
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
1
United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS)
1
United Nations Office on Drug and Crime UNODOC
1
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
1
United Office of Drugs and Crime, National Coordinating Unit Nigeria
1
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
United States of America - Department of State
1
University of Malawi , et al.
1
University of Namibia
1
University of Oxford
1
University of Zambia
1
University of Zambia, et al.
1
UNWomen
1
UPROOT
1
Ursula M Read, Edward Adiibokah and Solomon Nyame
1
US Dept. of Health and Human Services
1
US Embassy Freetown
1
US President's Malaria Initiative
1
USAID (From the American People)
1
USAID From the American People
1
USAID, CapacityPlus & PEPFAR
1
USAID, Health Finance & Governance
1
USAID, Health Systems 20
1
USAID, PEPFAR, Health Policy Project
1
USAID, SPS
1
USAID, Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems SPS
1
USAID, Synergie Project
1
USAID, TBCARE I, TBCARE II
1
van Ossterhout, J. J.
1
Vikram Patel, Dan Chisholm, Tarun Dua et al.
1
VSO Ghana
1
W. Chirinda
1
Wado, Yohannes Dibaba
1
Wang, S., N. Hoohlo, I. Tshabalala, K. Ntoi, and T. Sepetla
1
Wang, Wenjuan, Gheda Temsah, and Emily Carter
1
Wang, Wenjuan, Soumya Alva, Rebecca Winter, and Clara Burgert
1
Wapling, L.
1
War Trauma Foundation, Ahfad University for Women
1
Web of Science
1
Wendy Ager, Yvonne Sliep and Reem Ibrahim Ahmed, et al.
1
Westoff, Charles F., and Clara Ladi Ejembi
1
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
WHO, et al.
1
WHO, Path, et al.
1
WHO, TDR
1
Winter, Rebecca, Akinlo, Ambrose, and Lia Florey
1
Wodon, Q., Tavares, P., Fiala, O., Nestour, A. & Wise, L.
1
Wolters Kluwer
1
Women's Refugee Commission
1
Wonder Goredema Jane Briggs Mupela Ntengu, et al.
1
Word Health Organization
1
Worku, Abebaw Gebeyehu, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, and Atinkut Alamirrew Zeleke
1
World
1
World Diabetes Foundation
1
World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH)
1
World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food Security Cluster
1
World Government Summit, Sustainable Development Solutions Network
1
World Health Organisation (WHO), USAID, The Global Fund, et al.
1
World Health Organisation, International Labour Organization
1
World Health Organitarion
1
World Health Organization WHO
1
World Health Organization (Europe)
1
World Health Organization (South-East-Asia)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse
1
World Health Organization (WHO), International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Africa
1
World Health Organization Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO (Africa)
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office Africa Region
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, SEARO
1
World Health Organization WHO, SEARO/Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization, TB HIV working group, Stop TB Partnership
1
World Health Organization, UNICEF
1
World Meteorological Organization,
1
World Psychiatric Association
1
World Resources Institute
1
World Vision
1
World Vision, International Research Institute for Climate and Society
1
Yarlett, K et al.
1
Yawalker, S.
1
Yebyo, Henock G., Mussie A. Gebreselassie, and Alemayehu B. Kahsay
1
Zambia National Public Health Institute
1
Zanzibar AIDS Commission (ZAC)
1
Zedbooks
1
Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency and ICF International
1
Zoila Caridad Moros, Ferdinando Liprandi, Flor Helene Pujol
1
Анджела Ми, Тибо ле Пишон, Коэн Буссинк e tal.
1
ВОЗ и Международная организация по проблемам болезни Альцгеймера
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (World Health Organization)
1
Дженнифер Батлер
1
Джорджа Айалы
1
Организация Объединенных Наций, UNODC
1
Фонд Организации Объединенных Наций в области народонаселения
1
世界卫生组织
1
Publication Years
2020-2024
1162
2010-2019
1429
2000-2009
98
Category
Studies & Reports
281
COVID-19
194
Policies
149
Demograhic Health Surveys DHS
80
Policies & Guidelines HIV & TB
80
Women & Child Health
79
Humanitarian Crisis
78
Guidelines
71
Statistics
55
Community Health
50
Capacity Building
49
Non-communicable Diseases
45
Disabilities
41
Humanitarian Aid
36
Drugs & Medical Equipment
33
Disease Prevention & Control
28
Food Security & Nutrition
27
Reproductive Health
23
Countries
21
Community Health
19
Pediatrics
18
Child protection
17
General Guidelines
17
Female Genital Mutilation
17
Protection & Security
17
WASH
16
Child Health
15
Disaster Preparedness
15
Maternal Health
15
HIV & STI
15
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
14
Vaccine-preventable Diseases
14
Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
14
TB
14
Paediatrics
13
Sexual Violence
11
Other
11
Global Health
11
Hepatitis
10
Under-5 nutrition
10
Violence against Children
10
Malaria
10
Key Resources
10
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
10
Sanitation
9
Needs Assessment
9
Health Systems
9
Primary Health Care
9
Age & Elderly
9
Public Health
8
Vector Control
8
Mental Health
8
Surgery & Anaesthesia
8
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
8
Leishmaniasis
8
Water
8
Family Planning
7
Maternal & Child Health
7
Women & Child Health
7
Neonatal Care
7
Gender
6
Cancer
6
Diarrhoeal Disease/Cholera
6
Palliative Care
6
Immunization
6
NTDs & Others
6
Communicable Diseases
5
Palliative Care
5
Health System Strengthening
5
Cardiovascular Diseases
5
Dengue
5
Dental & Eye Care
4
Online Courses & Platforms
4
Dermatology
4
x MEDBOX Issue Brief & Annual Reports x
4
Monitoring & Evaluation
4
Cancer Treatment & Resources
4
Sex. & Repr. Rights
4
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
4
NCD
4
Yellow Fever
4
Waste Management
4
Quality Control & Assurance
4
Hygiene Promotion
4
Clinical Training
3
Rabies
3
Yaws
3
Buruli Ulcer
3
Diabetes
3
Laboratory Waste
3
Capacity Building
3
General Guidelines
3
Cervical Cancer
3
Snakebites
3
Nutrition
3
Hematology
2
Schistosomiasis
2
Planetary Health
2
Pediatric cancer
2
MPOX - Monkeypox
2
Non-communicable Diseases NCD
2
IEC Material
2
Virology
2
Public Health
2
Humanitarian Aid
2
Hemorrhagic Fever
2
Respiratory Infections
2
Communicable Diseases
2
Fecal Disposal / Latrines
2
Laboratory Quality Assurance
2
Digital Health
1
Helminthiasis
1
Hand Hygiene
1
Bacteriology
1
Annual Report MEDBOX
1
Other Cancer diseases
1
Training material & manuals
1
Water & Sanitation
1
Emergency Care
1
COVID-19
1
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
1
Pharmaceutical Assessments
1
Chagas
1
Training Manuals
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Diarrhoea
1
Leprosy
1
Neurology & Psychology
1
Human African Trypanosomiasis
1
Pharmacy & Technologies
1
Toolboxes
Country specific documents
107
Global Impact: Socio-economic, health services, TB & HIV
45
Assessment & Studies
41
Children/Adolescents Mental Disorders
33
International
32
Substance Use Disorders & Addiction
30
HIV in Key Populations
29
Reports & Studies
29
Children & Adolescents
28
Global
28
Assessment & Response
28
Climate Change General
26
IACAPAP International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions
25
Climate & Health
25
General Reports
24
Substance Use Disorders, Others
22
Situation Reports & Updates
21
Infection Control General
20
Child Protection
20
Roadmaps, Action Plans & Policies
19
Policies
18
Prevention & Preparedness
18
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
18
Public Health
17
Hospital Readiness/Essential Health Services
17
General Information & Methodology
17
Children's Rights
17
Preparedness & Prevention
17
For General Public & Community
16
Children with Disabilities
15
HIV testing & services
15
Assessment & Response
15
Clinical Guidelines
15
For Health Worker
15
Planetary Health
15
Health Impact & Climate Change
15
Neurological Disorders
15
Lobby and Advocacy
14
Africa
13
TB & Other Vulnerable Populations
13
For Parents & Children
13
Studies & Reports
13
Eastern Europe and central Asia
13
Ebola Prevention & Control
12
General Studies & Reports
12
COVID-19 Information
12
Appeals and Response Plans
12
General documents One Health
12
Assessment & Response
12
War, Conflict Areas & Refugees
12
Outbreak Prevention & Control
11
Clinical Aspects, Treatment & Prevention
11
El Niño
11
Educational Settings
11
Access & Strategy
11
Agriculture
11
Disaster, Migration and Conflict
11
Drug resistant TB
11
Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)
11
Action Plans, Policies & Response
11
Studies & Reports
10
Health & Refugee
10
Discrimination & Stigma
10
Manuals
10
Universal Health Coverage UHC and 90-90-90 Strategy
10
Studies
10
Essential Medicines & Medical Devices
10
Community Health Workers CHW
10
Infectious Diseases
10
Global Impact of war
10
Education
10
Health Financing Toolbox
10
Studies & Reports
10
TB/HIV Coinfection
10
Overview & Statistics
10
Reports & Studies Children HIV
10
ART Drug Resistance
9
Treatment & Prevention
9
Children
9
Inclusion
9
Others
9
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children
9
Medical & Community Masks
9
Children & Mental Health
9
Children & Mental Health
9
Fair Allocation & Ethical Aspects
9
Vaccine Hesitancy & Myths
9
Overview & reports
9
Climate Change
9
Alzheimer's Disease & Dementia
9
TB & Prisoners
9
Policy
9
Epidemiology
9
Prevention & Control
8
Context, Facts & Travel Advice
8
Communication & Training
8
Mental Health Studies & Reports
8
Situation Reports & Updates
8
Poster & Infographics
8
Food and Nutrition
8
Tips & Best Practice Examples
8
Reports
8
Guiding documents and principles
8
Zoonoses
8
Heat
8
General Information
8
Women
8
others
8
Assessment & Response
8
WASH
8
Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)
7
Country specific
7
Social Mobilisation
7
Africa
7
Epilepsy
7
Surveillance & Contact tracing
7
Child Protection
7
Pastoral Care
7
Infographics for Health Worker
7
General
7
Rational use of Medicine
7
Epilepsy
7
Situation Reports & Updates
7
Conflict
7
Antiretroviral Treatment ART
7
Studies & Reports
7
Eastern and Southern Africa
7
Food & Nutrition
7
Violence & Child Trafficking
6
TB & Drug Abuse
6
IPC
6
Human Rights, Stigma & Discrimination
6
Transgender People
6
Treatment Guidelines HIV
6
Curricula & Core Competencies
6
Men who have sex with men (MSM)
6
People who injecting Drugs
6
Human Rights
6
Sustainable Development Goals
6
General
6
Cannabis
6
Infection Prevention & Hygiene
6
Context & Facts, Travel Advice
6
Diagnostics & Laboratory Guidance
6
Training, others
6
Human Rights
6
For Older People
6
Immunization Guidelines
6
Clean air
6
Urban health
6
Traditional & Herbal Medicines
6
Studies & Reports
6
Studies & Reports
6
Prevention & Strategies
6
Policies and guidelines
6
General
6
Training
6
Vision Loss & Blindness
6
Guidelines CBR
6
Neurological disorders, Others
6
War & Conflict
5
Childhood TB
5
Agriculture & Veterinary
5
Surveillance
5
Background PTSD in children
5
Europe
5
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
5
Adults
5
Children with disabilities
5
Diverse Chemical Substances
5
Latin America
5
Research
5
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
5
International
5
Laboratory
5
Online Courses & Resources
5
Faith-based Organizations
5
Comics
5
Gender Aspects
5
HIV and COVID-19
5
Coping with Stress
5
Situation Reports COVID-19
5
RCCE Guides & Manuals
5
Community Health
5
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
5
Advocacy
5
Essential Medicines
5
Pharmacy Practice
5
Agriculture incl. animal husbandry
5
Mental Disorders
5
General
5
Ethics
5
MPOX - Monkeypox
5
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
5
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
5
Studies & Reports
5
Global Overview
5
Detection & Diagnosis
5
Asia and Pacific
5
Community Worker
5
Protection
5
Disease Prevention & Control
5
Situation Reports & Updates
5
Planetary Health
5
Plague Prevention & Control
5
Disability Rights & Convention
4
Drugs
4
Cocaine
4
Meningitis Prevention & Control
4
HIV in Children and mental health
4
Surveillance
4
Violence & Protection
4
Studies & Reports
4
Early Warning
4
Opportunistic Infections
4
Hepatitis
4
Concepts of Global Health
4
HIV
4
Cholera Prevention & Control
4
Training
4
Rwanda
4
Health Equity & Equality
4
Mental Health Guidelines
4
Sex Worker
4
Context & Facts
4
Treatment Guidelines
4
General
4
Simulations
4
Protection of Vulnerable Groups
4
Health Care Professionals & Spirituality
4
Long-term Care Facilities
4
Psychosocial Support
4
Dashboards & Resource Platforms
4
Logistics & Supply
4
Hygiene
4
Studies & Reports
4
Nurses
4
Advocacy & Communication
4
Waste Managment
4
Reports & Studies
4
Water Pollution
4
Leishmaniasis
4
Studies & Reports
4
General
4
Autism
4
Human Rights & the Right to Health
4
One Health
4
TB/HIV Global
4
Uganda
4
Stewardship
4
Assessment
4
Epidemiology
4
Community-based Mental Health Care
4
TB
4
Global Health Financing
4
Unaccompanied Refugee Minors
4
Kenya
4
Situation Reports, others
4
Universal Health Coverage & Primary Health Care
4
Situation Reports & Updates
4
Urban Health
4
Best Practice Models
3
Cholera Situation Reports
3
Policies & Strategies
3
Advocacy
3
Intellectual Disability
3
Accessibility
3
Inclusion in Humanitarian Settings
3
Faith-based Organizations
3
For General Public
3
Inclusion
3
Clinical Aspects
3
Yellow Fever Prevention & Control
3
Online Courses
3
Key Resources
3
HIV surveillance
3
Natural Disasters
3
South Africa
3
Introduction to Global Health
3
Policies & Programmes
3
WASH
3
South Sudan
3
Interculturality
3
HIV testing & disclosure
3
Latin America
3
Public Health
3
Opoids
3
National Policies
3
Orphans & vulnerable children
3
Stigma & Discrimination
3
International
3
Children
3
Training Supporting Material mhGAP
3
Microcephaly
3
Yemen
3
Medical professionals
3
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
3
Video & Audio
3
COVID-19
3
Country Specific
3
For Migrants & Refugees
3
Sustainability
3
Physical Distancing
3
General Background
3
Communication Material
3
COVID-19 Vaccination
3
TB/HIV
3
SARS-CoV-2 Variants
3
COVID-19 Vaccination Information
3
COVAX Initiative
3
Handbooks & Manuals
3
Health Promotion
3
Ethics
3
Biodiversity shift
3
Mobility
3
HIV &TB
3
Cancer
3
Freshwater use
3
Land-system change
3
General Guidelines for Rational Use
3
Situation Reports & Updates
3
Guidelines & Manuals
3
Health Care Systems
3
Non-communicable Diseases NCD
3
WASH Water Sanitation & Hygiene
3
Health Care In Conflict Settings
3
MPOX - Monkeypox
3
Capacity Building & Resources
3
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
3
Studies & Reports
3
Studies & Reports
3
Studies & Reports
3
Overview, Studies & Reports
3
Mycetoma, Chromoblastomycosis & other deep mycosis
3
Health Worker
3
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
3
Studies & Reports
3
Prevention & Strategies
3
Statistics & Facts
3
General
3
Co-Morbidities (except TB)
3
Policies & Strategies
3
Assistive devices & technologies
3
Regions
3
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)
NSP Review
Engaging with South Africa’s National Strategic Plan for HIV, STIs and TB Edition 7 July – August 2013
A publication of the Treatment Action Campaign and SECTION27
GeneXpert: An imperfect rollout
TB in South African prisons: Where to now?
Decentralising DR-TB care: How far alon...g are we?more
Explorando Constrangimentos Individuais e Socioculturais que Influenciam a Procura de Serviços de Tuberculose em Três Províncias de Moçambique
Maputo, Tete e Nampula
The 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic in western Africa was the longest and most deadly Ebola epidemic in history, resulting in 28,616 cases and 11,310 deaths in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. The Ebola virus has been known since 1976, when two separate outbreaks were identified in the Democratic Repub...lic of Congo (then Zaire) and South Sudan (then Sudan). However, because all Ebola outbreaks prior to that in West Africa in 2014–2015 were relatively isolated and of short duration, little was known about how to best manage patients to improve survival, and there were no approved therapeutics or vaccines. When the World Heath Organization declared the 2014-2015 epidemic a public health emergency of international concern in August 2014, several teams began conducting formal clinical trials in the Ebola affected countries during the outbreak.more
Yemen’s war has become one of the world’s worst humanitarian catastrophes . In September 2014, the Ansarallah (Houthi) movement allied with former President Ali Abdullah Saleh to seize control over the capital city Sana’a and renegotiate Yemen’s fragile power-sharing agreement, and then seve...ral months later pursued President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi south to Aden . In March 2015, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates launched a military intervention, ostensibly to restore Hadi to power . More than 1,000 days later, that war has settled into a brutal stalemate . Officially, the Houthis remain in control of Sana’a and much of the north, while the Saudi-UAE coalition controls much of the south . A comprehensive Saudi-UAE blockade and air campaign has caused incipient famine conditions, the spread of communicable diseases such as cholera and diphtheria, and a wave of internal displacement . more
The scale of West Africa’s Ebola epidemic has been attributed to the weak health systems of affected countries,
their lack of resources, the mobility of communities and their inexperience in dealing with Ebola. This briefing for African Affairs argues that these explanations lack important contex...t. The briefing examines responses to the outbreak and offers a different set of explanations, rooted in the history of the region and the political economy of global health and development. To move past technical discussions of “weak” health systems, it highlights how structural violence has contributed to the epidemic. As part of this, local people – their beliefs, concerns and priorities – have been marginalised. Both the crisis response and post-Ebola ‘reconstruction’ will be strengthened by acknowledgment of its long term structural underpinnings and from a more collaborative inclusion of local people.more
Response to the tropical cyclone in southern Africa
Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Meningitis outbreak in Togo
Lassa fever outbreak in Liberia.
Masangane Case Study
The Vesper Society commissioned ARHAP to do research on the integrated Masangane HIV/AIDS programme affiliated with the Moravian Church in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Completed in 2006, this study aimed to understand the role of the religious health assets of the Masangane ART ...programme for public health, as a model for a replicable response to HIV/AIDS. A crucial aspect of this research involved teasing out what value is added to this programme by its faith-based nature. Field work for this case study consisted of more than 20 key informant interviews of various stakeholders: Masangane staff and management; church leaders; health seekers; donors and health providers. Health seekers also answered 77 questionnaires and were involved in two focus groups.more
The aim of the SATG was to produce a triage scale for use throughout South Africa. The group was multi-disciplinary and comprised doctors, nurses and paramedics. The result of the SATG’s activities is the South African Triage Scale (SATS), a physiology and symptom based scale which prioritises int...o one of four colours and can be used in hospital Emergency Centres as well as in the pre-hospital setting. The SATS has been validated in the public, private health care setting as well as pre-hospital.more
Mais pessoas morrem a cada ano de doenças cardiovasculares do que de qualquer outra causa. Mais de três quartos das mortes por doenças cardíacas e acidentes vasculares cerebrais ocorrem em países de baixa e média renda. A hipertensão - ou pressão alta - é uma condição médica grave que au...menta significativamente o risco de doenças cardíacas, cerebrais, renais e outras doenças. A hipertensão pode ser definida usando níveis específicos de pressão sistólica e diastólica ou o uso reportado de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos.more
Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis is a deadly infectious disease affecting West and Central Africa, South Sudan and Uganda, and transmitted between humans by tsetse flies. The disease has caused several major epidemics, the latest one in the 1990s. Thanks to recent innovations such as rapid di...agnostic tests for population screening, a single-dose oral treatment and a highly efficient vector control strategy, interruption of transmission of the causative parasite is now within reach. If indeed gHAT has an exclusively human reservoir, this could even result in eradication of the disease. Even if there were an animal reservoir, on the basis of epidemiological data, it plays a limited role. Maintaining adequate postelimination surveillance in known historic foci, using the newly developed tools, should be sufficient to prevent any future resurgence.more
The epidemiology of the disease is mediated by the interaction of the parasite (trypanosome) with the vectors (tsetse flies), as well as with the human and animal hosts within a particular environment. Related to these interactions, the disease is confined in spatially limited areas called “foci..., which are located
in Sub-Saharan Africa, mainly in remote rural areas. The risk of contracting HAT is, therefore, determined by the possibility of contact of a human being with an infected tsetse fly. Epidemics of HAT were described at the beginning of the 20th century; intensive activities have been set up to confront the disease, and it was under control in the 1960s, with fewer than 5,000 cases reported in the whole continent.more
The World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO), in accordance with recommendations from various WHO committees, has developed three flagship initiatives to support Member States in the African region to prepare for, detect and respond to public health emergencies. They are the r...esult of extensive consultations with more than 30 African government ministers, technical actors, and partners across the continent as well as regional institutions such as the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), whose contributions have shaped the priority activities. This report provides the fourth quarterly summary of progress in implementing the flagship initiatives.more
The cholera outbreak has affected 14 countries in the WHO African Region. The climate-induced natural disasters such as cyclone and flooding in the southern African region and drought in the Horn of Africa led to increase in cases of cholera in many of the affected countries. With the rainy season c...ommencement in the west African region there is risk of more cholera outbreaks on the horizon. The trend across the region is being closely monitored and this highlights the need for Member States to enhance readiness, heighten surveillance and institute preventive and control measures in communities and around border crossings to prevent and mitigate cross border infection. Since 1 January 2022, a cumulative number of 213 443 cholera cases has been reported to the WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO), including 3 951 deaths with a case fatality ratio (CFR) of 1.9% as of 16 July 2023 (Table 1). Malawi accounts for 28% (58 941) of the total cases and 45% (1 766) of all deaths reported, and together with Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, and Nigeria contribute to 85% (181 300) of the overall caseload and 88% (3 464) of cumulative deaths. In Epidemiologic week 28, six countries Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi and Mozambique reported a total of 667 new cases.more
Data on asthma aetiology in Africa are scarce. We investigated the risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren (5–17 years) in urban Uganda. We conducted a case-control study, among 555 cases and 1115 controls. Asthma was diagnosed by study clinicians. The main risk factors for asthma were tertia...ry education for fathers (adjusted OR (95% CI); 2.32 (1.71–3.16)) and mothers (1.85 (1.38–2.48)); area of residence at birth, with children born in a small town or in the city having an increased asthma risk compared to schoolchildren born in rural areas (2.16 (1.60–2.92)) and (2.79 (1.79–4.35)), respectively; father’s and mother’s history of asthma; children’s own allergic conditions; atopy; and cooking on gas/electricity. In conclusion, asthma was associated with a strong rural-town-city risk gradient, higher parental socio-economic status and urbanicity. This work provides the basis for future studies to identify specific environmental/lifestyle factors responsible for increasing asthma risk among children in urban areas in LMICs.more
Dolutegravir HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) data from Africa remain sparse. We reviewed HIVDR results of Malawians on
dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (November 2020– September 2021). Of 6462 eligible clients, 33 samples were submitted to South Africa, 27 were sequenced successfully, and 8 ...(30%) had dolutegravir HIVDR. Malawi urgently requires adequate HIVDR testing capacity.more
Most of the global burden of sepsis occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but the prevalence and etiology of sepsis in LMICs are not well understood. In particular, the lack of laboratory infrastructure in many LMICs has historically precluded an assessment of the pathogens leading to ...sepsis. A recent systematic review found that data describing antimicrobial resistance were absent for 43% of countries in Africa, and only two countries have national antimicrobial resistance plans. In addition, small studies have identified indiscriminate antibiotic use both in and out of hospital settings in sub-Saharan Africa. The absence of microbiological data and lack of antibiotic stewardship complicate sepsis management and almost certainly worsens outcomes, particularly in low-resource systems. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, etiology, and outcomes of sepsis among a cohort of critically ill patients in a referral hospital of Malawi, with a focus on the prevalence of culture-confirmed bacteremia and urinary tract infections.more