Second editon. This document serves only as a guide to good practice and may help to harmonize surveillance activities. The purpose of this manual is to be a handy reference for key elements and contact information for all communicable diseases / syndromes associated with current WHO control programmes. It should be particularly useful at the Ministry of Health level in Member States, in approaching integrated surveillance of communicable diseases / syndromes. The document is intended to be updated on a regular basis. This reflects the changing nature of infectious diseases and accompanying diagnostic and surveillance methods. It also reflects the multidisciplinary nature of disease surveillance in which many different programmes and partners are involved.