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Website last accessed on 31.03.2023
Learn about dengue virus infection symptoms and treatment.
Your healthcare team has decided you or your loved one has an infection that requires antibiotics, or needs antibiotics to prevent an infection in certain circumstances, such as before surgery - Fac
...
t Sheet for Patients
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CDC has developed this slide set for use by staff development, infection control, and occupational health personnel for training healthcare personnel on how to select and use personal protective equ
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ipment PPE to protect themselves from exposure to microbiological hazards in the healthcare setting
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The technical note by the Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) discusses the use of Oral Cholera Vaccines (OCVs) for international workers and travelers in cholera-affected areas. It reviews the effectiveness of WHO-prequalified vaccines (Du
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koral®, Shanchol™, and Euvichol®), emphasizing their role in preventing infection and reducing transmission risks.
The document highlights concerns about travelers contracting cholera in endemic regions and potentially spreading the disease upon returning home. While the overall risk is considered low, certain groups, such as humanitarian workers and travelers to high-risk areas like South Asia, face a higher exposure.
Recommendations include vaccination for emergency and relief workers who may come into direct contact with cholera patients or contaminated environments. However, routine vaccination for general travelers is not widely recommended. The note also calls for better surveillance and studies to assess the potential of vaccines in preventing international transmission.
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The CDC's "About Cholera" webpage provides essential information on cholera, an intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It highlights that cholera is primarily spread through contaminated water and food, leading to severe diarr
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hea, dehydration, and potentially death if untreated. Individuals in areas with unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene are at the highest risk. The page emphasizes the importance of early and proper treatment, such as rehydration therapy, to improve survival rates. Preventative measures include using treated water, practicing good hygiene, and vaccination, especially for travelers to regions where cholera is prevalent.
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For use with travelers who might have been exposed to patients with Ebola and are sick with symptoms consistent with Ebola infection and require further evaluation
Is your child’s ear hurting? It could be an ear infection. Children are more likely than adults to get ear infections. Talk to your child’s doctor about the best treatment. Some ear infections, such as middle ear infections, need antibiotic trea
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tment, but many can get better on their own without antibiotics.
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PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: Course is designed to increase knowledge and develop competency in the management of patients suspected of infection with dengue virus.
Website last accessed on 31.03.2023
Dengue vaccine for 9 to 16 year old's with previous dengue infection.
The document is a pocket guide for establishing and operating a Cholera Treatment Center (CTC). It provides guidelines on selecting a location, triaging patients based on dehydration severity, infection co
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ntrol measures, and ensuring sufficient medical supplies. The guide emphasizes maintaining hygiene, proper waste management, and security while offering detailed protocols for treating moderate and severe cases of cholera. It is intended to support healthcare workers in efficiently managing cholera outbreaks.
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Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a significant burden globally, with millions of patients affected each year. These infections affect both high- and limited-resource healthcare settings, but in limited-resource settings, rates are approximately twice as high as high-resource settings (15 o
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ut of every 100 patients versus 7 out of every 100 patients). Furthermore, rates of infections within certain patient populations are significantly higher in limited-resource settings, including surgical patients, patients in intensive-care units (ICU) and neonatal units. It is well documented that environmental contamination plays a role in the transmission of HAIs in healthcare settings. Therefore, environmental cleaning is a fundamental intervention for infection prevention and control (IPC).It is a multifaceted intervention that involves cleaning and disinfection (when indicated) of the environment alongside other key program elements to support successful implementation (e.g., leadership support, training, monitoring, and feedback mechanisms). To be effective, environmental cleaning activities must be implemented within the framework of the facility IPC program, and not as a standalone intervention. It is also essential that IPC programs advocate for and work with facility administration and government officials to budget, operate and maintain adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure to ensure that environmental cleaning can be performed according to best practices.
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Key messages for professionals working at hospitals and other healthcare settings: managers/administrators, infectious disease specialists, infection prevention and control professionals, epidemiolo
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gists, prescribers, junior doctors and students, pharmacists, nurses, clinical microbiologists, and professionals in emergency departments, in intensive care units, and in long-term care facilities.
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Manufacturing Facility Assessment Toolkit
recommended
Tools and resources for occupational safety and health professionals and state and local public health officials assessing manufacturing facilities.
Occupational safety and health professionals and state and local public health officials can use these tools to assess coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID
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-19) infection prevention and control measures at manufacturing facilities, as well as these facilities’ overall hazard assessment and control plans
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This document aims to present an algorithm for deciding whom to test and provide guidance on the laboratory tests for Zika virus infection diagnosis in order to support clinical diagnostic and case reporting through surveillance among EU Member Stat
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es. The algorithm is not intended for clinical management of patients with suspected Zika virus infection.
The information is provisional and subject to revision when new information becomes available.
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CDC’s Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs suggests that pharmacists review antibiotic therapy that is unnecessarily duplicative, including the use of agents with overlapping spectra. The combination of two agents with anaerobic activity is unnecessary in most cases. Exception
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s may include Clostridioides difficile infection, necrotizing fasciitis, and certain biliary infections.
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March 2020
The number of African Union Member States reporting COVID-
19 cases is increasing and there is a likelihood of community transmission. The WHO recently modified the COVID-19 suspect case definition to include severe acute respiratory infection
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and advises testing of all severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) cases.1 However, many Member States have not yet started implementing these changes, they are still focussing surveillance efforts on individuals with travel history to an area with local COVID-19 transmission. This means patients with similar symptoms, but no apparent contact, may not
be investigated.
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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted by sandflies and caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Human infection is caused by about 21 of 30 species that infect mammals. These include the L. donovani co
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mplex with 3 species (L. donovani, L. infantum, and L. chagasi); the L. mexicana complex with 3 main species (L. mexicana, L. amazonensis, and L. venezuelensis); L. tropica; L. major; L. aethiopica; and the subgenus Viannia with 4 main species (L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) panamensis, and L. (V.) peruviana). The different species are morphologically indistinguishable, but they can be differentiated by isoenzyme analysis, molecular methods, or monoclonal antibodies.
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Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several diffe
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rent forms of leishmaniasis in people. The most common forms are cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, which affects several internal organs (usually spleen, liver, and bone marrow).
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Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. It is transmitted through repeated bites by blackflies of the genus Simulium. The disease is called river blindness because the blackfly that transmits the
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infection lives and breeds near fast-flowing streams and rivers, mostly near remote rural villages. The infection can result in visual impairment and sometimes blindness. Additionally, onchocerciasis can cause skin disease, including intense itching, rashes, or nodules under the skin. Worldwide onchocerciasis is second only to trachoma as an infectious cause of blindness.
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The term leishmaniasis encompasses multiple clinical syndromes, including the cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral forms, which result from infection of macrophages in the dermis, in the naso-orpharyngeal mucosa, and throughout the reticuloendothelial s
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ystem, respectively. The infection can range from asymptomatic to severe in all of these forms. Cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis can cause severe morbidity; visceral and mucosal leishmaniasis can be life threatening.
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