Filter
1731
Filtered Results: 1731
Text search:
pandemic
influenza
Featured
Recommendations
186
New Publications
176
Language
Document type
Studies & Reports
480
No document type
435
Guidelines
428
Manuals
137
Strategic & Response Plan
119
Fact sheets
64
Training Material
25
Situation Updates
24
Infographics
6
Resource Platforms
5
Online Courses
5
Brochures
2
Videos
1
Countries / Regions
Global
106
Brazil
61
Latin America and the Carribbean
58
Germany
42
Africa
36
Western and Central Europe
35
India
34
Kenya
29
South Africa
27
Russia
26
West and Central Africa
24
Sierra Leone
23
Nigeria
22
Ethiopia
22
East and Southern Africa
21
Liberia
21
Ghana
20
Syria
20
Mozambique
20
Middle East and North Africa
20
Ukraine
19
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
19
Tanzania
15
Yemen
15
Malawi
14
Congo, Democratic Republic of
14
South–East Asia Region
14
Colombia
12
Rwanda
12
Venezuela
12
Namibia
12
Zambia
12
Paraguay
11
Bangladesh
11
Angola
11
Ecuador
11
Nepal
9
South Sudan
9
Chile
8
Senegal
8
Western Pacific Region
8
Vietnam
8
Uganda
8
Myanmar / Burma
8
Lesotho
7
Laos
7
Peru
7
Philippines
7
Guinea
7
Cambodia
7
Guinea-Bissau
7
Bolivia
7
Argentina
7
Cameroon
6
Burkina Faso
6
Somalia
6
Afghanistan
5
Zimbabwe
5
USA
5
Haiti
5
Portugal
5
Spain
5
Lebanon
5
Indonesia
5
Eswatini/ Swaziland
5
Mexico
4
El Salvador
4
Italy
4
North America
4
Eastern Europe
4
Sudan
4
Central African Republic
4
Botswana
4
Pakistan
4
Thailand
3
Turkey
3
Asia
3
Jordan
3
Honduras
3
Madagascar
3
Timor Leste/ East Timor
2
China
2
Niger
2
Malaysia
2
Uruguay
2
Turkmenistan
2
Japan
2
France
2
Mauritius
2
Côte d’Ivoire / Ivory Coast
2
Moldova
2
Egypt
2
Palestine
2
Mali
2
Chad
2
Guatemala
2
North Macedonia
1
Tajikistan
1
Switzerland
1
Serbia
1
Benin
1
Togo
1
Kazakhstan
1
Iran
1
Fiji
1
Kyrgyzstan
1
Uzbekistan
1
Austria
1
Morocco
1
Qatar
1
Bulgaria
1
Mauritania
1
Armenia
1
Gabon
1
Tunisia
1
United Kingdom
1
Israel
1
Nicaragua
1
Sri Lanka
1
Djibouti
1
Georgia
1
Bhutan
1
Iraq
1
Authors & Publishers
Publication Years
Category
COVID-19
329
Guidelines
139
Studies & Reports
139
Policies
90
Policies & Guidelines HIV & TB
35
Disaster Preparedness
33
Non-communicable Diseases
33
Humanitarian Crisis
32
Women & Child Health
30
Statistics
28
Disease Prevention & Control
27
Capacity Building
24
Community Health
23
Humanitarian Aid
20
Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
20
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
18
Countries
17
Vaccine-preventable Diseases
13
Drugs & Medical Equipment
13
Demograhic Health Surveys DHS
12
Disabilities
12
General Guidelines
12
Health Systems
11
NCD
10
WASH
9
Respiratory Infections
9
Food Security & Nutrition
9
Public Health
8
Reproductive Health
8
Virology
7
Mental Health
7
NTDs & Others
7
Communicable Diseases
6
Immunization
6
Needs Assessment
6
Protection & Security
6
Global Health
6
Child Health
5
General Guidelines
5
Community Health
5
Public Health
5
Health System Strengthening
5
Palliative Care
5
Female Genital Mutilation
5
Age & Elderly
5
Diabetes
4
Palliative Care
4
Maternal & Child Health
4
Sexual Violence
4
Training Manuals
4
Diarrhoeal Disease/Cholera
4
Maternal Health
4
Key Resources
4
Clinical Training
3
Pharmacy & Technology
3
Hand Hygiene
3
x MEDBOX Issue Brief & Annual Reports x
3
Monitoring & Evaluation
3
Pediatrics
3
Other
3
Communicable Diseases
3
Women & Child Health
3
HIV & STI
3
Dental & Eye Care
2
Helminthiasis
2
Family Planning
2
Under-5 nutrition
2
Online Courses & Platforms
2
Cancer
2
Cancer Treatment & Resources
2
Sex. & Repr. Rights
2
Humanitarian Aid
2
Violence against Children
2
Child protection
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Yellow Fever
2
Waste Management
2
Quality Control & Assurance
2
Surgery & Anaesthesia
2
Primary Health Care
2
Dengue
2
Water
2
Neonatal Care
2
TB
2
Hepatitis
1
Emergency Health Kits
1
Sanitation
1
Trachoma
1
Taeniasis/ Cysticercosis
1
Gender
1
Onchocerciasis
1
Schistosomiasis
1
Lymphaticfilariasis
1
Laboratory Waste
1
Planetary Health
1
Other Cancer diseases
1
MPOX - Monkeypox
1
Nutrition
1
Non-communicable Diseases NCD
1
Community Health
1
Water & Sanitation
1
Mental Health
1
Emergency Care
1
COVID-19
1
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
1
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
1
Mobile Training Tools & Apps
1
Cardiovascular Diseases
1
Hemorrhagic Fever
1
Medical Devices & Equipment
1
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
1
Leprosy
1
Disabilities & Inclusion
1
Laboratory Quality Assurance
1
Malaria
1
Pharmacy & Technologies
1
Hygiene Promotion
1
Toolboxes
Country specific documents
231
Infection Control General
53
Clinical Guidelines
51
Global Impact: Socio-economic, health services, TB & HIV
45
Prevention & Preparedness
42
Public Health
41
Influenza Prevention & Control
34
Diagnostics & Laboratory Guidance
33
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
28
Surveillance & Contact tracing
26
Hospital Readiness/Essential Health Services
26
For Health Worker
22
Surveillance
21
Key Resources
18
Educational Settings
18
Access & Strategy
18
Communication Material
18
Climate Change General
18
Medical & Community Masks
17
RCCE Guides & Manuals
17
Fair Allocation & Ethical Aspects
17
Assessment & Studies
16
IPC
16
General documents One Health
16
Country specific
15
For General Public & Community
15
Appeals and Response Plans
15
International
14
Capacity Building
14
Climate & Health
13
Child Protection
13
Immunization Guidelines
13
Health Financing Toolbox
13
Influenza
12
MHPSS – Psychosocial Support
12
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
12
Context & Facts, Travel Advice
11
Training, others
11
Physical Distancing
11
Genomic sequencing
11
Vaccine Hesitancy & Myths
11
Health Impact & Climate Change
11
Reports & Studies
11
Laboratory Guidance
10
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
10
Social Mobilisation
10
For Parents & Children
10
Faith-based Organizations
10
For Older People
10
Essential Medicines & Medical Devices
10
Guiding documents and principles
10
General Information
10
International
10
Preparedness & Prevention
10
Children & Adolescents
9
Tips & Best Practice Examples
9
Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines
9
Community-based Mental Health Care
9
MHPSS Guidelines
9
General Reports
8
Policies
8
Communication & Training
8
Training
8
Global
8
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
8
Gender Aspects
8
Paediatrics
8
Situation Reports COVID-19
8
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)
8
Long COVID/ Post-COVID Syndrome
8
Biontech/Pfizer Comirnaty
8
Studies & Reports
8
Biodiversity shift
8
Human Rights
7
Situation Reports & Updates
7
Simulations
7
Human Rights
7
COVID-19 Vaccination
7
Long-term Care Facilities
7
Logistics & Supply
7
Reports
7
Guidelines & Manuals
7
Zoonoses
7
Ethics
7
Prevention & Strategies
7
One Health
7
Lobby and Advocacy
7
Universal Health Coverage & Primary Health Care
7
Outbreak Prevention & Control
6
Alcohol
6
Communication & Training
6
Ebola Prevention & Control
6
Vaccination
6
Africa
6
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
6
General
6
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
6
Camps and Camp-like Settings
6
HIV and COVID-19
6
General
6
Coping with Stress
6
Mythbusters/Misinformation
6
COVAX Initiative
6
Essential Medicines & Devices Lists
6
Strategies
6
Food & Nutrition
6
Natural Disaster
5
Europe
5
Prevention & Control
5
General Studies & Reports
5
Children/Adolescents Mental Disorders
5
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
5
Sustainable Development Goals
5
Studies
5
Poster & Infographics
5
For Migrants & Refugees
5
Mental Health
5
Oxygen Therapy
5
Vaxzevria (Astra Zeneca)
5
Handbooks & Manuals
5
Health Promotion
5
Planetary Health
5
Overview & reports
5
Rational use of Medicine
5
Health Care Systems
5
General
5
WASH Water Sanitation & Hygiene
5
Heat
5
Health Worker
5
General Information & Methodology
5
Prevention & Strategies
5
Global Overview
5
Situation Reports & Updates
5
Assessment & Response
5
Roadmaps, Action Plans & Policies
5
Action Plans, Policies & Response
5
Eastern Europe and central Asia
5
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
5
War & Conflict
4
Faith-based Organizations
4
Context, Facts & Travel Advice
4
Curricula & Core Competencies
4
IACAPAP International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions
4
Research
4
Clinical Aspects
4
Covid-19 & Climate Change
4
For Pregnant Women
4
Prison & Detention
4
Protection of Vulnerable Groups
4
Guidelines
4
Food and Nutrition
4
Workplace
4
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
4
Blood Supply
4
Psychosocial Support
4
Hygiene
4
Others
4
Nurses
4
Booster Doses
4
Agriculture
4
Urban health
4
Disaster, Migration and Conflict
4
Ukraine
4
Nuclear & Chemical Hazards
4
Humanitarian Aid Guidelines
4
Global Impact of war
4
Overview, Studies & Reports
4
Prevention & Strategies
4
Research & Access
4
Psychosocial Support
4
Global Health Ethics
4
Rapid Response
3
Treatment Guidelines
3
Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)
3
HIV in Children and mental health
3
Local Action
3
Introduction to Global Health
3
Prevention Guidelines
3
Substance Use Disorders, Others
3
Infection Control
3
HIV testing & disclosure
3
Children with disabilities
3
Orphans & vulnerable children
3
Cholera Prevention & Control
3
Discrimination & Stigma
3
Health Equity & Equality
3
Medical professionals
3
Treatment Guidelines
3
Situation Reports & Updates
3
Supporting tools
3
Infection Prevention & Hygiene
3
Online Courses & Resources
3
COVID-19
3
Covid-19 & the One Health Approach
3
COVID-19 Information
3
COVID-19
3
For People with Disabilities
3
Scientific & Research Studies
3
Resource Platforms others
3
Children & Mental Health
3
Community Health
3
Vaccination & Strategy
3
TB/COVID-19
3
SARS-CoV-2 Variants
3
Moderna
3
Research & Pipeline
3
Ethics
3
Agriculture incl. animal husbandry
3
Climate Change
3
General Guidelines for Rational Use
3
Pharmacovigilance
3
Reports & Studies
3
Situation Reports & Updates
3
Public Health
3
Infectious Diseases
3
Non-communicable Diseases NCD
3
Education Principles
3
MPOX - Monkeypox
3
Official Development Assistance
3
Training Material
3
Neurological Disorders
3
Assessment & Response
3
Assessment & Response
3
Disaster Preparedness & Prevention
3
Self-harm & Suicide
3
Assessment
3
Chikungunya Prevention & Control
3
WASH
3
Antiretroviral Treatment ART
3
Meningitis & Encephalitis
3
Urban Health
3
Clinical Guidelines
2
Gynaecology / Obstetrics
2
Behaviour Change/Life Skill Education
2
Policies & Strategies
2
Advocacy
2
Posttraumatic stress disorder Adults
2
Training
2
Communication & Training
2
Chemical Attacks
2
Treatment & Prevention
2
Vaccines & Immunization
2
Clinical Aspects
2
Training
2
Epidemiology & Sitreps
2
Children
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Treatment Guidelines HIV
2
General Mental Health Guidelines
2
Natural Hazards
2
Concepts of Global Health
2
HIV
2
El Niño
2
For Health Professionals
2
TB & Other Vulnerable Populations
2
Children
2
Health & Refugee
2
Workplace
2
Manuals
2
Universal Health Coverage UHC and 90-90-90 Strategy
2
Health Personnel
2
Information Material &Training
2
Public Health
2
Hand Hygiene
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Country Specific
2
Humanitarian Aid
2
Information for the Public
2
COVID-19
2
At Home
2
Vaccine Candidates & Research
2
Children & Mental Health
2
Johnson & Johnson
2
Covaxin
2
Sanitation
2
Waste Management
2
Online Courses
2
Self-care
2
Stress
2
Midwives
2
Advocacy & Communication
2
Brazil
2
Situation Reports& Updates
2
Advocacy
2
Food environments
2
Clean air
2
Pharmacy Practice
2
One Health
2
Environment
2
Information Refugees Ukraine
2
Prevention & Measures
2
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
2
Mental Health
2
Others
2
Information, Resources & Websites
2
General
2
Waste management
2
MPOX -Monkeybox Prevention & Control
2
Studies & Reports
2
Patient Safety
2
Access to treatment and laboratory
2
Capacity Building & Resources
2
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
2
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
2
Studies & Reports
2
Prevention & Strategies
2
Air Pollution
2
Alcohol Consumption
2
Women
2
Detection & Diagnosis
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Botswana
2
Policies and guidelines
2
Conflict
2
Protection
2
Human Rights & the Right to Health
2
Malnutrition
2
Disease Prevention & Control
2
TB/HIV Global
2
Situation Reports & Updates
2
Training
2
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)
2
Dengue Prevention & Control
2
Technical Information
2
Stewardship
2
Latin America & the Carribean
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
HIV and coinfection
2
Tobacco
2
HIV service delivery
2
Overview & Statistics
2
Other Resources
2
AmR (Region of Americas)
2
Planetary Health
2
War, Conflict Areas & Refugees
2
Psychosocial Support
2
Planetary Health
2
Epidemiology
2
Safe Burials
2
Studies & Reports
2
Public Health
2
Communication & Training
2
Vaccination
2
Africa
1
Disability Rights & Convention
1
Drugs
1
Communication & Social Mobilisation
1
Violence & Child Trafficking
1
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Meningitis Prevention & Control
1
Video & Audio
1
Childhood TB
1
TB & Drug Abuse
1
Agriculture & Veterinary
1
Children with Disabilities
1
HIV testing & services
1
Inclusion in Humanitarian Settings
1
Plague Situation Reports
1
Clinical Aspects, Treatment & Prevention
1
Inclusion
1
Policies & Strategies
1
Dental Health
1
Yellow Fever
1
Yellow Fever Prevention & Control
1
Violence & Protection
1
Early Warning
1
Early Warning
1
Adults
1
Mental Health
1
Pediatrics
1
South Africa
1
WPRO (Western Pacific Region)
1
Policies & Programmes
1
WASH
1
Plague
1
Training Manuals
1
Humanitarian Settings
1
Inclusion
1
Dengue
1
Humanitarian Crisis
1
Opoids
1
Surveillance
1
Stigma & Discrimination
1
Others
1
TB
1
Mental Health
1
Tools for Rational use
1
Studies & Reports
1
Training Material
1
Ebola & Marburg
1
Vaccination
1
Adherence
1
e-Learning
1
Key Resources
1
Syria
1
Advocacy
1
Country Guidelines
1
Training
1
Communication
1
Mental Health Studies & Reports
1
GO pre-deployment training
1
Mental Health Guidelines
1
Women's Mental Health
1
Epilepsy
1
Laboratory & Sampling
1
Stress
1
Reports
1
Sex Worker
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Cannabis
1
Risk Communication
1
Video & Audio
1
Mental Health & Psychosocial Support
1
Advice for Different Audiences
1
Dashboards & Maps
1
Principles of Solidarity
1
Option for the Poor
1
Sustainability
1
Child Protection
1
COVID-19
1
General Background
1
Health Care Professionals & Spirituality
1
Pastoral Care
1
Stigmatisation
1
Dashboards & Resource Platforms
1
COVID-19 Vaccination Information
1
Structural Violence
1
Vector-based Vacines General
1
Sputnik V
1
Standard precautions
1
Extreme Situations
1
Others
1
Primary Care
1
Palliative Care
1
Online Resources
1
Colombia
1
Other Countries
1
Resources Kreyol Earthquake Haiti
1
Planetary Boundaries
1
Green & healthy living
1
Essential Medicines
1
Falsified & Substandard
1
Pharmacy Management
1
Pharmaceutical Assessments
1
Supply Chain & Store Management
1
Resuscitation
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
HIV &TB
1
Pediatrics
1
Women & Maternal Health
1
Cancer
1
Intensive Care Unit
1
Surgery
1
Biogeochemical flows
1
Humanitarian Crisis
1
Epilepsy
1
Argentina
1
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
1
Waste Managment
1
Capacity Building
1
COVID-19
1
Emergency health kits
1
More Information Refugee and Health
1
Health Care In Conflict Settings
1
Best Practice Examples
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
1
Studies & Reports
1
Studies & Reports
1
NTDs General
1
Education
1
Awareness
1
Domestic Resource Mobilization
1
Situation Reports & Updates
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Studies & Reports
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
1
Studies & Reports
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Others
1
Risk Factors
1
Poor Diet
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
1
Studies & Reports
1
General
1
Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP), Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
1
Asia
1
Asia and Pacific
1
Drug resistant TB
1
General
1
others
1
Co-Morbidities (except TB)
1
Bioterrorism
1
Zika
1
Technical Information
1
Alzheimer's Disease & Dementia
1
Ghana
1
General
1
Policies & Strategies
1
Substance Use Disorders & Addiction
1
Community Worker
1
General Aspects
1
TB & Prisoners
1
Policy
1
Regions
1
Prophylactic Treatment
1
Reproductive Health
1
Travel Medicine
1
Public Health Administration
1
Health Policy & the Global Health Landscape
1
Zika Prevention & Control
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Others
1
Global Health Institutions and Stakeholders
1
Cholera
1
Best Pratice Examples
1
Communication Tools
1
Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)
1
Infection Control
1
HIV in Key Populations
1
Preparedness & Prevention
1
Global Health Financing
1
Chikungunya
1
Unaccompanied Refugee Minors
1
Depression
1
Situation Reports, others
1
Volunteers
1
Situation Reports & Updates
1
Country Specific Information
1
Neurological disorders, Others
1
Reproductive Health
1
Training & Capacity Building
1
SEAR (South-east Asia Region)
1
Plague Prevention & Control
1
It is intended for clinicians who are working in intensive care units (ICUs) in low and middle-income countries and managing adult and pediatric patients with severe forms of acute respiratory infection (SARI), including severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and septic...
This guide is intended to support teams working directly with communities during the Covid-19 pandemic. It provides general guidance on community engagement during outbreak responses, including how to support an integrated response, as well as outbreak prevention and response.
Updated 20 Nov. 2020
Countries can use this checklist of hospital governance, structures, plans and protocols to rapidly determine the current capacities of hospitals to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify gaps and major areas that require investment and action for the development of h...
The WHO Guidance for Conducting a Country COVID-19 Intra-Action Review (IAR) was developed to guide countries to conduct periodic review(s) of their national and subnational COVID-19 response, so countries do not miss critical opportunities for learning and improvement to better respond to the COVID...
COVID-19 is stretching formal and informal aspects of community life. The pandemic is overwhelming health systems. Country economies are reaching a breaking point, with particularly significant impact for the livelihoods of vulnerable families and those dependent on daily wages. COVID-19 is also aff...
The growing understanding of how sequence information can contribute to improved public health is driving global investments in sequencing facilities and programmes. The falling cost and complexity of generating GSD provides opportunities for expanding sequencing capacity; however, challenges to wid...
This infodemic management course applies evidence-based guidance to the COVID-19 pandemic. It covers key risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) principles and illustrates how they can be operationalized in the context of an extended outbreak that affects different populations with varyin...
Interim Guidance October 2022. This addendum addresses some of the methodological aspects of VE evaluations that have been learned during the past year, as well as those that have become relevant in the current epidemiological setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. For some of the COVID-19 vaccine method...
Bangladesh has been going through incremental trend of GDP growth rates for a long time. The GDP is the key aspect to measure the economic growth of a country. But the current world wide pandemic due to the COVID-19 hardly affects the world’s economy as well as Bangladesh. The present...
In the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic response, WHO identifies young people as a priority target audience with specific concerns, experiences and behaviours. This policy brief provides relevant insights from behavioural evidence and a set of behavioural considerations for tho...
Module appartenant à la série d’évaluations des capacités des services de santé dans le cadre de la pandémie de COVID-19: orientations provisoires, 12 mai 2021. L'outil d'évaluation de la continuité des services de santé essentiels : Facility Assessment Tool peut être utilisé par les pa...
Continuidad de los servicios de salud esenciales: herramienta de evaluación de los centros
recommended
módulo del conjunto de evaluaciones de la capacidad de los servicios de salud en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19: orientaciones provisionales, 12 de mayo de 2021; La herramienta de evaluación de la continuidad de los servicios sanitarios esenciales: Herramienta de evaluación de instalacion...
Deporte Formativo Y Actividad FÍSica En Entornos Diferentes Al Hogar, En El Marco De La Pandemia Por Covid-19 En Colombia
More than two years since the first SARS-CoV-2 infections were reported, the COVID-19 pandemic remains an acute global emergency. In this Strategic Preparedness, Readiness and Response plan for 2022, WHO sets out a number of key strategic adjustments that, if implemented rapidly and consistently at ...
This fact sheet highlights the relationship between alcohol consumption and COVID-19. Heavy episodic drinking is considered a health risk for COVID-19, and alcohol is used by some to cope with difficult emotions that increased during the pandemic.
This collection of case studies on risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) from 18 different country/area level public health partners in the WHO European Region provides evidence of numerous results achieved and lessons learned since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. RCCE has not...
The world is not on track to end the AIDS pandemic. New infections are rising and AIDS deaths are continuing in too many communities. This report reveals why: inequalities are holding us back. In frank terms, the report calls the world’s attention to the painful reality that dangerous inequalities...
The WHO continuously reviews available data on SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. For this version, the global epidemiological
situation of the COVID-19 pandemic as of 21 January 2022 – at a time when the Omicron VOC had been identified in 171
countries across all six WHO Regions and was rapidly re...
A lot has happened this year. While we continued to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, we were hit by disease outbreaks and
humanitarian crises. Yet, despite these challenges, we marched on, resolute in resolving critical health systems issues to increase
access to quality healthcare services. To furth...
WHO/Europe has launched a new guide, providing support to countries on how to apply behavioural and cultural insights (BCI) for health. It presents a simple step-wise approach, complemented by a rich collection of detailed considerations, tools and exercises. The guide is the first of its kind, spec...
