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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Integrating severe acute malnutrition into the management of childhood diseases at community level in South Sudan

Emily Keane, Andrea King, Anthony Awira et al. Malaria Consortium South Sudan (2013) C1

Since December 2010, Malaria Consortium has been implementing an innovative approach to community management of severe acute malnutrition, together with an existing integrated community case management (ICCM) programme in South Sudan. This learning paper considers Malaria Consortiums experience of t... more

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Guidelines to reduce stigma Guide 1: What is health-related stigma?

ILEP International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations (2011)

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Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Global Research on Developmental Disabilities Collaborators (2018) CC

The Lancet Global Health, Vol. 6, No. 10 Published: August 29, 2018

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Ukraine country overview

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2019) C2

Accessed: 22.03.2019

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Improving Cultural Competence

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration SAMHASA (2014) C2

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Справочник базовойи нформации ВОЗ по психическому здоровью, правам человека и законодательству

Melvyn Freeman, Michelle Funk, Soumitra Pathare et al. World Health Organization (2005) C_WHO

В Справочнике приводятся три ключевых элемента эффективного законодательства: контекст, содержание и процесс, – другими словами, «почему», «что» и «как» должно бы... more

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The impact of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on TB risk in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

P. J. Dodd; A. J. Prendergas; C. Beecroft; et al. BMJ Journals (2017) CC

BMJ,Dodd PJ, et al. Thorax 2017;72:559–575. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209421

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Antimicrobial resistance in the Asia Pacific region: a development agenda

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health concern with economic, social and political implications that are global in scope, and cross all environmental and ethnic boundaries. As a global threat, AMR risks the achievements of modern medicine, and has the po... more

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Implementation manual to support the prevention of surgical site infections at the facility level: turning recommendations into practice
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

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Case formulation and integration of information in child and adolescent mental health

S. W. Henderson; A. Martin IACAPAP (2014) C2

Introduction Chapter A.10

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Cholera Outbreak Response Field Manual (October 2019)

WASH Cluster; World Health Organization WHO (2023) CC

The response to a cholera outbreak must focus on limiting mortality and reducing the spread of the disease. It should be comprehensive and multisectoral, including epidemiology, case management, water, sanitation and hygiene, logistics, community engagement and risk communication. All efforts must b... more

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Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review

Costa, F.; Hagan, J.; Calcagno, J. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2015) CC

Leptospirosis, a spirochaetal zoonosis, occurs in diverse epidemiological settings and affects vulnerable populations, such as rural subsistence farmers and urban slum dwellers. Although leptospirosis is a life-threatening disease and recognized as an important cause of pulmonary haemorrhage syndrom... more

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In Control: A Practical Handbook for Professionals Working in Health Emergencies Internationally RKI

Robert Koch Institut RKI (2023) CC

The greatest risk to persons engaging in international medical emergency response is poor preparation. The In Control handbook hopes to provide a remedy. At the time of writing, we are living through the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a health emergency that disregards physical borders, brin...gs into focus social inequalities and affects people on every continent. This shared challenge requires unprecedented measures and the collaboration of the brightest minds to support global health protection through this crisis and beyond. Healthcare infrastructures have to be strengthened, public health capacities and processes upgraded, medical countermeasures and vaccinations found and psychosocial side-effects treated. Solidarity is the normative order of the day and the human species has to collaborate to face this invisible threat. Hiding and living in fear is not an option in this interconnected world. We have both a responsibility and an opportunity to make substantial contributions to a safer, healthier and more sustainable future for us all. The existence of this handbook is an impressive example of solidarity. Over 50 authors from more than 15 institutes and organisations have come together voluntarily within a very short time to make their expertise available and enable cross-sectoral thinking. Knowledge is bundled, resources are combined, information gaps are filled. The In Control handbook is not a theoretical treatise of possible dangers, but a collection of subject-matter expertise, written by experts and practitioners who have shaped health topics over the past 20 years in the most diverse corners of the world. The Centre for International Health Protection at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) is collaborating with its partners and investing heavily in the build-up of operational know-how and capacity to support health crisis response abroad. This is done by preparing and enabling professionals to deploy safely across the world to assist those in need. In Control addresses the multi-faceted challenges of an international deployment. Readers will find not only technical medical information, but also insights into, for example, the fragility of our environment, the cultural differences that influence risk communication or the dilemmas arising from social distancing. Legal principles are highlighted, along with ethical guidance to ensure that our actions and decisions correspond to the highest moral standards. more

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Meningitis Outbreak Response in Sub-Saharan Africa

Christina Brandes-Barbier, Véronique Millot, Tomas Allen et al World Health Organization WHO (2014) C_WHO

WHO Guideline. Since 2010, countries in the meningitis belt have started to introduce a new serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine conferring individual protection and herd immunity. Following the successful roll-out of this vaccine, epidemics due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (NmA) are... more

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Managment of Tuberculosis Training for Health Facility Staff Part C:Treat TB Patients
recommended

World Health Organization, et al. (2010) C_WHO

2nd edition

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Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response - District Level Training Course - Facilitator Guide

World Health Organization; Regional Office for Africa (2011)

The Facilitator's Guide provides instruction and suggestions for teaching the training modules for the Technical Guidelines for Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response in the Africa Region, 2nd edition. This training is intended for district level health officers who conduct IDSR activities. Th... more

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EPI 5: Anti-epileptic medicines for medication resistant convulsive epilepsy. [New 2015]

mhGAP; WHO (2015) C_WHO

SCOPING QUESTION: For adults and children with medication-resistant convulsive epilepsy, which anti-epileptic medications produce benefits and/or harm in the specified outcomes when compared to a placebo or a comparator?

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Women and Mental Health

Australian Women's Health Network (2012) CC

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Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS Patients - Advanced Techniques in Clinical Microbiology

M. Gjergji; J. Bushati; A. Harxhi; H. Hafizi; P. Pipero iMedPub Journals (2017) C2

Research Article Received: August 21, 2017; Accepted: August 29, 2017; Published: Spetember 05, 2017 This article is available in: http://www.imedpub.com/advanced-techniques-in-clinical-microbiology/

Implementation manual to support the prevention of surgical site infections at the facility level: turning recommendations into practice recommended

Managment of Tuberculosis Training for Health Facility Staff Part C:Treat TB Patients recommended

Implementation manual to support the prevention of surgical site infections at the facility level: turning recommendations into practice
recommended

Managment of Tuberculosis Training for Health Facility Staff Part C:Treat TB Patients
recommended