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1
Humanitarian crises exacerbate nutritional risks and often lead to an increase in acute malnutrition. Emergencies include both manmade (conflict) and natural disasters (floods, drought, cyclones, typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.). Complex emergencies are combinations
...
of both manmade and natural disasters, often of a protracted nature. Millions of people are affected by humanitarian crises every year. The increasing frequency and scale of emergencies requires nutrition to be addressed in all phases of a response.
Crisis situations, whether acute or protracted, impact on a range of factors that can increase the risk of undernutrition, morbidity, and mortality. They may involve: the large-scale destruction of property and infrastructure; the erosion of livelihood strategies and purchasing power; a breakdown of and reduced access to essential services, including health services, water supply, and sanitation; and the displacement of large numbers of people. Emergencies can also disrupt social systems and the quality of care/feeding practices. Household access to food may be negatively affected and people may find themselves in overcrowded settlements with their families divided. As a result, at the individual level, there is often an increased risk of deteriorating health and nutritional status, resulting in a greater likelihood of death.
more
The issue of Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the most substantial health issues, prompting the World Health Assembly (WHA) to urge Member States to finalise tailor made national action pl
...
ans by May 2017, aligning them with objectives of the Global Action Plan (GAP). These cover awareness, surveillance and research, hygiene infection prevention & control, optimal use of antimicrobial medicines and economic case for sustainable investment. Indonesia, by virtue of its geographical terrain and complex interactions with diverse stakeholders, indicates a higher burden of AMR. Most of the country’s data currently relies on local studies conducted by labs and universities. To get a more accurate estimate of the situation, one has to rely on results from the Regional Resistance Surveillance Programme. By undertaking such measure, Indonesia would acquire data to detect AMR trends at a national level.
more
Community pharmacists are the health professionals most accessible to the public and are a cornerstone of primary health care. The role of community pharmacists is expanding globally. This report pr
...
ovides an overview of existing components and provisions of the legal and regulatory framework for community pharmacies and their activities in Europe. It presents the diverse approaches to community pharmacy licenses and to establishment of new pharmacies and their ownership. It also details the framework for community pharmacy operating requirements (including opening hours, workforce, premises and equipment, services provided and identification of a community pharmacy) and the types of activity undertaken. Provisions associated with possible alternative forms of dispensing medicines (over-the-counter medicines, prescription-only medicines, dispensing by medical doctors and online medicine sales) are also described
more
Solomon Islands Essential Medical Supplies List 2017
Sandy Greenwood, Timmy Manea, Willie Horoto et al.
National Pharmacy Services Division, Ministry of Health & Medical Services
(2017)
CC
Solomon Islands pharmacy staff have developed an essential medicines supplies list. It was a collaborative effort involving a lot of staff taking the pictures and putting it all together. The list w
...
as launched as an initiative to improve the availability of medical stock within the country
more
A view of global supply chains, pressure points, and implications for antimicrobial resistance response
GDF is the largest global provider of quality-assured tuberculosis (TB)
medicines, diagnostics, and laboratory supplies to the public sector.
Since 2001, GDF has facilitated access to high-quality
...
TB care in over 130
countries, providing treatments to over 30 million people with TB and procuring
and delivering more than $200 million worth of diagnostic equipment
more
A model quality assurance system for procurement agencies
World Health Organization
World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Populations Fund, World Bank
(2007)
C_WHO
This interagency report provides recommendations for assuring quality of medicines during key activities of country-level procurement agencies, nam
...
ely prequalification of pharmaceutical products and manufacturers; purchase of pharmaceutical products; storage of pharmaceutical products; and distribution of pharmaceutical products.
more
European Drug Report - Trends and Developments
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
(2018)
C1
Table of contents:
- Preface
- Introductory note and acknowledgements
- Commentary
- Chapter 1: Drug supply and the market
- Chapter 2: Drug use prevalence and trends
- Chapter 3: Drug-related
...
harms and responses
- Annex: National data tables
Available in 24 languages on:
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/edr/trends-developments/2018
more
Global UNIDO Project: Strengthening the local production of essential medicines in least developed and developing countries
Technical information note. Ensuring an uninterrupted supply of quality-assured, affordable anti-TB
drugs and diagnostics to the world
WHO Model Formulary for Children
recommended
WHO Model Formulary for children based on the Second Model List of Essential Medicines for Children 2009.
In 2007, the World Health Assembly passed a Resolution titled ‘Better
...
Medicines for Children’. This resolution recognized the need for research and development into medicines for children, including better dosage forms, better evidence and better information about how to ensure that medicines for treating the common childhood diseases are given at the right dose for children of all ages.
more
In recent years, high prices of pharmaceutical products have posed challenges in high- and low-income countries alike. In many instances, high prices of pharmaceutical products have led to significa
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nt financial hardship for individuals and negatively impacted on healthcare systems’ ability to provide population-wide access to essential medicines.
Pharmaceutical pricing policies need to be carefully planned, carried out, and regularly checked and revised according to changing conditions. Strong, well-thought-out policies can guide well-informed and balanced decisions to achieve affordable access to essential health products.
This guideline replaces the 2015 WHO guideline on country pharmaceutical pricing policies, revised to reflect the growing body of literature since the last evidence review in 2010. This update also recognizes country experiences in managing the prices of pharmaceutical products.
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As we approach World Asthma Day on the May 2, 2023, we reflect on the theme “ Asthma Care for All”. Prevalence of Asthma is increasing amongst children, adolescents and adults. Under-diagnosis, underutilization
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of inhaled corticosteroids, inaccessibility of treatment, and unaffordability of medicines are amongst the challenges that low-middle income countries are faced with. This commentary seeks to highlight the challenges, the resources available and to suggest recommendations that can be implemented to improve asthma care for all and reduce burden of asthma in Africa.
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Antimicrobials are medicines, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, that are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) arises when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
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parasites no longer respond to these medicines, rendering them ineffective and making infections more difficult to treat. This resistance increases the risk of disease spread, severe illness, disability, and death. Although AMR is a natural phenomenon driven by genetic
changes in pathogens, it is significantly accelerated by human activities such as the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in healthcare, agriculture, and animal husbandry.
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The era of effective antibiotics is coming to a close. In just a few generations, many “miracle medicines”have been beaten into ineffectiveness by the bacteria they were i
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ntended to eradicate. Bacteria quickly adapt to the presence of antibacterial agents in order to survive. The misuse of antibiotics,which is an international problem, only exacerbates the steady evolution of resistance. In August 2010, the journal Lancet Infectious Diseases posed the question "Is this the end of antibiotics?" documentingthe rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteriaand predicting that 10 years remain in the useful life of many agents.
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The fight against fake drugs by NAFDAC in Nigeria
The fight against fake drugs by NAFDAC in Nigeria Olike Chinwendu
KIT (Royal Tropical Institute) Development Policy & Practice Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
(2008)
CC
Review over the work and challenges of the Nigerian National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in combatting counterfeiting of
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medicines in Nigeria.
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Where There Are No Pharmacists
Sarah Andersson; Beverley Snell
Third World Network; Health Action International Asia Pacific
(2019)
C2
2nd edition. A Guide to Managing Medicines for All Health Workers. Available for purchase via following link https://www.twn.my/title2/books/HAI.htm
Where there are no trained pharmacists serving communities, other categories
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of health workers are called upon to order, buy, store, dispense and advise people on rational use of medicines. Where There Are No Pharmacists explains how to order them, store them, prepare them, dispense them and use them safely and effectively - it is about managing medicines. Information to help communities benefit from the use of medicines is also included.
This book walks readers through each step, covering topics ranging from policy issues to patient education. It provides guidance for anyone who is doing the work of a pharmacist; anyone who sells, dispenses, prepares, manages, or explains to others how to use medicines.
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Inequality of access to palliative care and symptom relief is one of the greatest disparities in global health care (1). Currently, there is avoidable suffering on a massive scale due to lack
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of access to palliative care and symptom relief in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (1). Yet basic palliative care that can prevent or relieve most suffering due to serious or life-threatening health conditions can be taught easily to generalist clinicians, can be provided in the community and requires only simple, inexpensive medicines and equipment. For these reasons, the World Health Assembly (WHA) resolved that palliative care is "an ethical responsibility of health systems"(2). Further, most patients who need palliative care are at home and prefer to remain there. Thus, it is imperative that palliative care be provided in the community as part of primary care. This document was written to assist ministries of health and health care planners, implementers and managers to integrate palliative care and symptom control into primary health care (PHC).
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An estimated 59 000 people die from rabies each year. That’s one person every nine minutes of every day, 40% of whom are children living in Asia and Africa. As dog bites cause almost all human cas
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es, we can prevent rabies deaths by increasing awareness, vaccinating dogs to prevent the disease at its source and administering life-saving treatment after people have been bitten. We have the vaccines, medicines, tools and technologies to prevent people from dying from dog-mediated rabies. For a relatively low cost it is possible to break the disease cycle and save lives
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Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance
recommended
The goal of the draft global action plan is to ensure, for as long as possible, continuity of successful treatment and prevention of infectious dis
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eases with effective and safe medicines that are quality-assured, used in a responsible way, and accessible to all who need them.
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