National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
2
National Health Mission
2
National Leprosy Eradication Programme
2
NCD Alliance
2
OECD
2
PAHO
2
Regional Office for Africa
2
The World Bank Group
2
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
2
Western Pacific Region
2
World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
2
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
2
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
2
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa
2
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
2
.World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
390: 898&ndash
1
912
1
[Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)]
1
A. Aerts, M. Grzemska
1
A. Bone
1
A. Montresor
1
A.-C. ZK Bissek
1
A.W. Gelb, W.W. Morriss, W. Johnson, et al.
1
Abdoulaye Mar Dieye
1
Abdul Rahim, H.F.
1
ACF International Network and the Oakland Institute
1
ACT-Accelerator: An economic investment case & financing requirements
1
Acta Scientific Medical Sciences
1
Action Contre la Faim (ACF) International
1
Adachi, Y.
1
AGNES B. SEGARRA, LEA MYLENE R. REBANAL, FE A. SINSON et al.
1
Albanian Center for Population and Development (ACPD)
1
Alexander Butchart, Susan Hillis, Angela Burton et al.
1
Alzheimer's Disease International
1
Amrita Gill-Bailey, Kathryn Bertram, Uttara Bharath et al.
1
and S.J. Mason
1
Andreas Sandgren, Marieke J. van der Werf, Netta Beer et al.
1
Arii M., F. Baele, J. Bedford et al.
1
Barasa, E.
1
Berlin, E.
1
Bernard van Leer Foundation
1
Béatrice Boyer
1
Bodeker, Gerard (Ed.)
1
Bonita, R.
1
Breathe
1
Breitner-Busch, S.
1
Brett D. Nelson, Maya Fehling, Margaret E. Tierna, Zina Maan Jarrah
1
Brozek, J. L.
1
Busse R, Blümel M
1
C. Clift
1
C. Cravero, S. Danner et. al.
1
C. Giannou, M. Baldan and A. Molde
1
C. Redick
1
C. S. Yaha
1
Canadian Red Cross
1
Catholic Relief Services (CRS)
1
CBR Asia-Pacific Network
1
CDC
1
Cecil Konijnendijk, Dikshya Devkota, Stephanie Mansourian & Christoph Wildburger (eds.)
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Central TB Division, Director ate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Chakane, Ntema
1
Chatanga, Peter
1
Christopher Flower
1
Chung, K. F.
1
CII Confederation of Indian Industry
1
Cindil Redick& annah Sarah Faich Dini
1
Clarey, T.
1
CMAM Forum
1
CollSeck,A.M.
1
Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR)
1
Communication for Devleopment4 Network
1
Community Ear & Hearing Health
1
CRS
1
D. Dufour
1
D. S. Nsagha
1
Damialis, A.
1
David Lloyd Roberts
1
Department of Disability and elderly affairs
1
Department of Health & Department of Basic Education, Republic of South Africa
1
Department of Health (DOH), Phil Health
1
Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa
1
Dey, B. and .Krishnaswamy
1
Dr Jean-François Trani and Dr Betsy VanLeit
1
Dr T Apalata, Dr C Bamford, Mr D Benjamin et al.
1
Dr. M. Kavtaradze
1
Dr. S. Ciobanu
1
Dr. V. R. Kandula
1
Drug Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia , et al.
1
Drug Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia Contents
1
D’A. Richardson
1
D’Arcy Richardson, PATH, and Greg Pirio, Empower Communications
1
E. Ross
1
E. Tambo
1
E. Vieta, T. Ahmed Okasha, et al.
1
E. Webb, M. Mckee et al.
1
Eastern Mediterranean Region
1
Eba, B.
1
Elsevier
1
Engender Health Society (Improving Women's Health Worldwide)
1
ENN
1
Erik Blas, Johannes Sommerfeld and Anand Sivasankara Kurup
1
Eskay M., Onu V. C., Igbo J. N., Obiyo N., Ugwuanyi L
1
Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute Public Health Emergency Management Centre
1
European Asylum Support Office
1
European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
1
European Commission Humanitarian Aid
1
European Investment Bank EIB and UN Development Programme UNDP
1
Evans, Timothy Grant
1
Every Woman Every Child
1
Ewig S.
1
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTICANCER THERAPY2020, VOL. 20, NO. 4, 271–278
1
F. Saini
1
F.Simona,E.Javellea ,A.Cabie, et al.
1
Family Welfare , Government of India,
1
FAO
1
FAO, OIE, WHO
1
FDI World Dental Federation
1
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia -Ministry of Health
1
Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria
1
Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Ferrante, G.
1
Fédération internationale des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge
1
Fitzgerald, D. A.
1
Flavia Bustreo, Shyama Kuruvilla, Marleen Temmerman et al
1
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO, World Organisation for Animal Health
1
Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia
1
Forde, Ian
1
Forum of International Respiratory Societies
1
François Grünewald
1
Frank, A.
1
Frederic Mousseau
1
Frontiers in Pediatrics
1
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
1
G. Ivbijaro
1
G. Pirio
1
G. Venugopal
1
G. Walter
1
Gabrys, J.
1
GBD 2019 Human Resources for Health Collaborators
1
Germany’s National Public Health Institute (RKI), et al.
1
Gilma Mantilla
1
GiZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
1
Global Asthma Network
1
Global Fund
1
Global Nutrition Report Stakeholder Group
1
Global Preparedness Monitoring Board
1
GOARN
1
Government of Ethiopia
1
Government of India, Central Tuberculosis Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1
Government of Mozambique, International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Family Health Division
1
Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population
1
Gray, C.L.
1
Green, R.J. et al.
1
Gromek K., Hung M., Montero N. et al
1
Group URD
1
Gruetzmacher, K.
1
H. Petkova, A.D. Tsouros, et al.
1
H. S. Faich Dini
1
Haldane, V., De Foo, C., Abdalla, S.M. et al.
1
Hall, S.
1
Handicap International, CBM
1
Harvard Humanitarian Initiative
1
Harvard Global Health Institute
1
Health Department: Republic of South Africa
1
Health Emergency Management Staff, DOH and WHO Philippines
1
Health Service and Population Research Department,Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London
1
Hinnock, H.
1
hler, Oliver Razum, Jean-Olivier Schmidt
1
Humanitarian Reponse Team
1
IBFAN-GIFA, Fondation Terre des hommes, et al.
1
ICAP, et al.
1
ICF International
1
ICRC and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1
Ilona Kickbusch, Christian Franz, Anna Holzscheiter, Iris Hunger, Albrecht Jahn, Carsten Kö
1
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
1
India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project (P173836)
1
Institute for Community Inclusion at University of Massachusetts
1
Institute for Public Policy Research
1
Institutional research information system iris
1
Institutional Treatment,Human Rights and CareAssessment (ITHACA)
1
Inter-Agency Standing Comittee IASC
1
International Agency for Prevention and Blindness
1
International Bureau for Epilepsy
1
International Comitee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1
International commitee of the Red Cross
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), World Health Organization (WHO)
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFR
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Water and Sanitation Mission Assistant
1
International Journal of Development Research
1
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
1
International League against Epilepsy
1
International Organization for Migration IOM
1
International Pharmaceutical Federation FIP
1
International Research Institute for Climate and Society
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, World Health Organization
1
International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO)
1
Internationl Committee of the Red Cross ICRC
1
IPPF ESEAOR, UNFPA
1
Izumi Nakamitsu et al.
1
J. M Rey
1
Janoske M, Liu B, Sheppard B
1
Jiwanji, A.
1
John Beard, Alana Officer, Andrew Cassels et al.
1
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1
Johns Hopkins University and US Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
Joseph M Rey
1
Josephine Ippe, Diane Holland, Leah Richardson, et al.
1
Journal of Health Monitoring
1
Journal of Infection and Public Health
1
Kamala Achu, Kathy Al Jubah, Svein Brodtkorb, et al.
1
Kaz de Jong
1
Kelley, Edward T.
1
KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme and African Academy of Sciences
1
Kieny, Marie-Paule
1
Kim, Sun Mean
1
Klazinga, Niek
1
Kobusingye, Olive
1
L. Pacione
1
L.-A. Long
1
La Grutta, S.
1
Lancet 2017;
1
Laurence Cibrelus
1
Leatherman, Sheila
1
Ledingham, K.
1
Leonard Cheshire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre, UCL
1
Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS) Monrovia, Liberia
1
Lisa Myers, Laura Theytaz-Bergman
1
Lode, H.
1
M. Dara, C. D. Acosta, M. V. S. Vinklers Melchers, et al.
1
M. Fendt-Newlin, S. T. Al-Harahsheh, et al.
1
M. Funk
1
M.A. Connolly, M. Gayer and S. Ottmani
1
M.Owen-Smith, et al.
1
MacKinnon, K.
1
MacKinnon,K.
1
Magdy Martínez-Solimán
1
Magitta, N.F.
1
Marie Theres Benner and K. Peter Schmitz
1
Marie-Noel Bruné Drisse and Fiona Goldizen
1
Marselle M., Stadler J., Korn H., et al.
1
Martin Kayitale Mbonye, Sarah M Burnett, Robert Colebunders, et al.
1
Masekela, R.
1
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International (MCAI) , Advanced Life Support Group (ALSG)
1
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International MCAI
1
Maternal Health Division Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India
1
Measles Initiative
1
Medical Principles and Practice
1
Medical Society Consortium on Climate and Health
1
Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Network
1
Mercy Corps
1
MHPSS.net
1
Migration Policy Institute
1
Ministerial Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance National Dept. of Health, South Africa
1
Ministery of Health and Familiy Welfare - Government of India
1
Ministery of Public Health, Thailand
1
Ministère de la Santé et de l’Action Sociale et Ministère de la Justice
1
Ministry of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Welfare
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India, et al.
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Central TB Division, India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of Lesotho
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
Ministry Of Health Community, Development,Gender, Elderly And Children, the United Republic of Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health Jordan
1
Ministry of Health Rwanda, The DHS Program, et al.
1
Ministry of Health, Division of Community Health Services, Division of Non-Communicable Diseases
1
Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Gabarone, Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya
1
Ministry of Health, Kenya
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda
1
Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Kenya
1
Misereor, Brot für die Welt, Global Policy Forum GPF
1
Mock C. N., Nugent R. et. al.
1
Mock, C et al
1
Mock, Charles N.
1
mPowering Frontline Health Workers
1
Mugomeri, Eltony
1
Mursaleena Islam
1
Mücke, H.
1
N. L. Soh
1
NACO
1
NADMO Ghana
1
National AIDS
1
National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health &
1
National Coordinating Agency for Population and Development
1
National Coordination Committee, Jan Swasthya Sabha
1
National Dept. of Health, South Africa
1
National Disaster Management Authority Government of India
1
National Epidemiology Center Department of Health Philippines
1
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), the African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP) and UNFPA
1
National Rural Health Mission, DOTS
1
National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Unit, Ministry of Health, Kenya
1
NCD Alliance, IISD
1
Ndetei D, Musyimi C, Musau A, Matoke L, Mutiso V
1
NdOH South Africa
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
Nejad, Sepideh Bagheri
1
Nephal Ophtalmic Society
1
Nilar Tin et al.
1
Nugent, Rachel
1
Nunes da Cunha I., Autry E. et al
1
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
1
One Million Community Health Workers Campaign | mPowering Frontline Health Workers
1
One Million Community Worker Campaign
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
1
Öhlmann P.
1
Pan American Health Organization
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
1
Patricio V. Marquez, and Shekhar Saxena
1
Paul Roddy, Natasha Howard, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, et al.
1
Peace Corps
1
Peden, Margie et al.
1
People's Health Movement
1
Perez Calderon, Luis Jorge
1
Peter N. Stearns
1
Phone Myint
1
Pierre André Michaud, Valentina Baltag, Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli et al.
1
Population Foundation of India
1
Prevent Project
1
PubMed
1
PubMed.gov
1
Quatar Foundation
1
R Sari Kovats et al.
1
R. Coker
1
R. Coninx
1
R.Beaglehole, and T. Kjellström
1
R.l Kronick
1
Rada Noeva, Nassim Benali, Emily Garin et al.
1
Radcliffe
1
Rahman-Shepherd, A.
1
Ravi Narayan and Unnikrishnan PV
1
Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre
1
Reginald A. Annan, Patrick Webb, Rebecca Brown
1
Regional Office Africa
1
Regional Office for Africa, Government of Mauritius
1
Reid, G.
1
Reilly, K.
1
Religions for Peace
1
Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
The WHO Toolkit for the care and support of people affected by complications associated with Zika virus has been developed to serve as a model guide, with the goal of enhancing country preparedness for Zika virus outbreaks. The toolkit is intended to provide a systems approach involving public heal...th planners and managers so that the necessary infrastructure and resources can be identified and incorporated as needed, as well as technical and practical guidance for health care professionals and community workers.
The toolkit includes three manuals to provide countries with tools to effectively recognize people affected by Zika virus and deliver comprehensive care and support:
Manual for public health planners and managers
Manual for health care professionals
Manual for community workers
more
Formularies are lists of antibiotics that are suggested for certain healthcare settings. In developing a recommended formulary, countries should consider the needs of patients and facilities where they receive care. For example, clinicians in rural or primary health centers may need wide access to f...irst-line antibiotics (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin, TMP-SMX), but last resort antibiotics such as carbapenems or colistin might be limited to tertiary care hospitals. Efforts to create antibiotic formularies may be linked to efforts within countries to create or update essential medicine lists (EML).more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major public health problem all over the world. Infections caused by resistant microbes fail to respond to treatment, resulting in prolonged illness and greater risk of death. This document focuses on the mechanism to develop a practically applicable h...ospital antibiotic policy and standard treatment guidelines (STG). In addition, the document contains information on various effective strategies for implementation of STG. It also discusses various activities and information required for the development of the antibiogram, antibiotic policy and standard treatment guidelines, such as surveillance programmes, the cause and controlling strategies for AMR and HAI; performance measures of antibiogram, antibiotic policy and standard treatment guidelines. A model hospital STG for community-acquired pneumonia in adults is included.more
This report aims to improve the assessment of mental health needs in the Americas by providing an updated and nuanced picture of: (a) the disability resulting from mental, substance use, and specific neurological disorders, plus self-harm, alone and in combination with premature mortality; (b) the i...mbalance between mental health spending and its related disease burden; and (c) the inadequate allocation of the meager mental health spending by countries of the Regionmore
The most significant finding of the case study for integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR)into existing programs and mobilising resources for funding in Nigeria, is that most of the AMR activities within the Nigerian National Action Plan (NAP)canalready be incorporated within exi...sting programs of the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) and their agencies or institutes. Certain programs and initiatives already have an AMR element incorporated or could,with little effort,include some additional AMR actions, however much is already being planned and has started with existing federal funding and existing staffing and other resources including development partner support and is being driven by significant political will from the ministries as well as implementation support from the Nigerian Centers for Disease Control as the focal point.more
As part of our commitment to the fight against NCDs, Nigeria was signatory to the political declaration at the UN General Assembly High Level Meeting on NCDs in September 2011. Thus, the purpose of this document is to develop and ensure the implementation of policies and p...rogrammes that will engender and guarantee a healthy lifestyle and quality health for all Nigerians. The core sections include background, scope of the policy, policy goal, strategic thrusts for implementation, programme management and coordination, roles of stakeholders and partnership coordination. It is expected that with the adoption of this policy, the control and prevention of NCDs and their associated risk factors will be well integrated at all levels of government and health care delivery system in Nigeria. This policy document is therefore a stepping stone towards the development of guidelines for the prevention and management of NCDs.more
Under the theme Equity at the Heart of Health, this Plan seeks to catalyze efforts in Member States to reduce inequities in health within and between countries and territories in order to improve health outcomes. The Plan identifies specific actions to tackle health inequality, including those recom...mended by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the Americas, with guidance from the High-level Commission for Universal Health. Four cross-cutting themes are central to this Plan’s approach to addressing the determinants of health: equity, gender, ethnicity, and human rightsmore
This guide is available in English, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic and Chinese
This guide consolidates COVID-19 guidance for human resources for health managers and policy-makers at national, subnational and facility levels to design, manage and preserve the workforce necessary to manage the COVI...D-19 pandemic and maintain essential health services.
The guide identifies recommendations to protect, support and empower health workers at individual, management, organizational and system levels.more
his Inter Action Review report for the COVID-19 outbreak in Mauritius documents and assesses the country’s capacity to respond to the outbreak and identifies the best practices, strengths, gaps and challenges of the national response. Areas requiring improvements or sustained actions have been ide...ntified across the 9 strategic pillars of World Health Organization (WHO)’s COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan and an additional pillar for the country’s response beyond health. On an overall, the review aims to enhance and sustain the national response with a particular focus on strengthening the health systems.more
This document outlines why and how nurses and midwives are important, not only for individual health optimization but also to achieve the thematic priorities of For the Future. More specifically, it provides case studies to showcase the amazing work that nurses and midwives across the Region are doi...ng to improve health. The document also provides future policy directions to strengthen the scope and leadership of the nursing and midwifery workforce, alongside actions to accelerate investment in their education, skills and employment.more
WHO has developed a clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by Delphi methodology that includes 12 domains, available for use in all settings. This first version was developed by patients, researchers and others, representing all WHO regions, with the understanding that the definition ma...y change as new evidence emerges and our understanding of the consequences of COVID-19 continues to evolve.
Post COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection, usually 3 months from the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms and that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive dysfunction but also others and generally have an impact on everyday functioning. Symptoms may be new onset following initial recovery from an acute COVID-19 episode or persist from the initial illness. Symptoms may also fluctuate or relapse over time.more
Latin America and the Caribbean is characterized by a matrix of social inequality whose axes —such as
socioeconomic stratum, gender, stage in the life cycle, ethnicity and race, territory, disability, and immigration
status— create multiple, often concurrent, situations of exclusion and discri...mination. The coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated wide social gaps and it is no coincidence that Latin America
and the Caribbean is one of the regions in which the health and socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic have
been the most severe, which shows that the costs of inequality are unsustainablemore
Communicable diseases are a major cause of suffering, disability and death in the world. The World Health
Organization’s Programme on Communicable Diseases provides technical guidance and support to national governments to organize and implement programmes aimed at setting up or strengthening ong...oing control of common diseases, reducing transmission, mortality, morbidity and human suffering, and gradually eliminating these diseases so that they cease to be a public health problem. In some cases, the aim may also be to eradicate selected communicable diseasesmore
Hypertension is referred to as a “silent killer”. Most people with hypertension are unaware of their condition as in most cases, they experience no warning signs or symptoms hence they are not identified or treated. Hypertention is associated with a number of conditions, disability, and causes o...f death. These include: strokes; myocardial infarction; end-stage renal disease; congestive heart failure; peripheral vascular disease and blindness. According to Stats SA, in 2017, hypertensive disorders resulted in 19 900 deaths with a further 44 357 deaths associated with cerebrovascular diseases and other heart diseases. This means around 30% of all deaths in 2017 were associated with increased blood pressure.more
There is paucity of data on the burden and specific drivers operative in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the African setting and populations. Lack of awareness and inadequate knowledge on the aetio-pathogenesis of the disease together with inadequate capacity for ...COPD care contributes to preventive and management challenges. Thus, the majority of patients with COPD are misdiagnosed, misclassified and mismanaged or undertreated. With the struggling improvement in the quality of healthcare in Africa, studies conducted over the last 10 years indicates the rising trends in both the risk factors and the burden of COPD. The role of new risk factors such as indoor pollution, infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), in the pathogenesis of COPD in Africa is increasingly being recognized. This literature review attempts to collect and synthesize information that could be useful in improving COPD care and informing the governments to take appropriate actions for prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD in Africa.more