Filter
2769
Filtered Results: 2769
Text search:
disaster
management
Featured
Recommendations
277
New Publications
833
Language
Document type
No document type
1675
Studies & Reports
420
Guidelines
217
Manuals
184
Strategic & Response Plan
141
Training Material
46
Situation Updates
38
Fact sheets
36
Resource Platforms
6
Online Courses
4
Dashboards/Maps
1
Infographics
1
Countries / Regions
Global
126
Myanmar / Burma
124
Indonesia
82
Nepal
79
India
66
Kenya
64
Sierra Leone
56
Liberia
56
Bangladesh
54
Syria
53
Uganda
43
Ethiopia
41
Haiti
39
Mozambique
38
Latin America and the Carribbean
36
Rwanda
35
South Sudan
34
Philippines
33
Nigeria
32
Africa
32
Guinea
28
Congo, Democratic Republic of
28
South Africa
27
Malawi
26
Ghana
23
Western and Central Europe
22
Zambia
22
Yemen
20
Ukraine
19
South–East Asia Region
18
Venezuela
15
Lesotho
14
Asia
14
Pakistan
14
Cambodia
13
Tanzania
13
Colombia
12
Brazil
12
Central African Republic
12
Madagascar
12
Zimbabwe
11
Middle East and North Africa
11
Sudan
11
Vietnam
10
Namibia
10
Afghanistan
9
USA
9
West and Central Africa
9
Western Pacific Region
9
Laos
8
Senegal
8
East and Southern Africa
8
Somalia
8
Burkina Faso
7
Russia
7
Thailand
6
Cameroon
6
Peru
6
Eastern Europe
6
Botswana
6
Togo
5
Chile
5
Iran
5
Niger
5
Jordan
5
Lebanon
5
Iraq
5
Burundi
4
Papua New Guinea
4
Mali
4
Benin
3
Gambia
3
China
3
Vanuatu
3
Croatia
3
Germany
3
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
3
Japan
3
Côte d’Ivoire / Ivory Coast
3
Chad
3
Bhutan
3
Ecuador
3
Eswatini/ Swaziland
3
North Macedonia
2
Timor Leste/ East Timor
2
Serbia
2
Turkey
2
Canada
2
Fiji
2
Singapore
2
Malaysia
2
Guinea-Bissau
2
Paraguay
2
Turkmenistan
2
Portugal
2
Spain
2
Belarus
2
Southern Africa
2
Bolivia
2
Argentina
2
Moldova
2
Palestine
2
Tajikistan
1
Mexico
1
El Salvador
1
Kazakhstan
1
Albania
1
Kyrgyzstan
1
Uzbekistan
1
Morocco
1
Bulgaria
1
Mauritania
1
Armenia
1
Dominican Republic
1
Hungary
1
Saudi Arabia
1
Gabon
1
France
1
Tunisia
1
United Kingdom
1
Azerbaijan
1
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
Sri Lanka
1
Egypt
1
Romania
1
Greece
1
Georgia
1
Poland
1
Honduras
1
Angola
1
Authors & Publishers
Publication Years
Category
Humanitarian Crisis
244
Policies
223
Studies & Reports
209
Humanitarian Aid
149
Disaster Preparedness
111
Guidelines
109
General Guidelines
109
COVID-19
94
Capacity Building
63
Women & Child Health
55
Protection & Security
55
Statistics
54
Needs Assessment
53
Community Health
51
Key Resources
43
Food Security & Nutrition
40
Disabilities
39
WASH
39
Policies & Guidelines HIV & TB
36
Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
30
Countries
29
Disease Prevention & Control
27
Child Health
20
Child protection
20
Monitoring & Evaluation
19
Drugs & Medical Equipment
18
Health Systems
17
Other
16
Water
16
Under-5 nutrition
15
Surgery & Anaesthesia
15
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
15
Public Health
14
Reproductive Health
14
Humanitarian Aid
13
Demograhic Health Surveys DHS
13
Global Health
13
Women & Child Health
12
Neurology & Psychology
12
Sexual Violence
11
Age & Elderly
11
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
10
Public Health
10
Health System Strengthening
10
Mental Health
10
Maternal Health
10
Community Health
9
Pediatrics
9
Quality Control & Assurance
9
Non-communicable Diseases
9
Sanitation
8
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
8
Vaccine-preventable Diseases
8
Hygiene Promotion
8
Project Cycle Management
7
Primary Health Care
7
Gender
6
Maternal & Child Health
6
NCD
6
Diarrhoeal Disease/Cholera
6
Immunization
6
Clinical Training
5
x MEDBOX Issue Brief & Annual Reports x
5
Sex. & Repr. Rights
5
Violence against Children
5
HIV & STI
5
Paediatrics
4
Family Planning
4
Online Courses & Platforms
4
General Guidelines
4
Vector Control
4
Training Manuals
4
Communicable Diseases
4
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
4
NTDs & Others
4
Nutrition
4
Malaria
4
Emergency Health Kits
3
Annual Report MEDBOX
3
Palliative Care
3
Emergency Care
3
Palliative Care
3
Diarrhoea
3
Respiratory Infections
3
Disabilities & Inclusion
3
Communicable Diseases
2
Medicines Donations
2
Hepatitis
2
Pharmacy & Technology
2
Hand Hygiene
2
Dermatology
2
Mental Health
2
Menstrual Hygiene Management
2
Snakebites
2
Cardiovascular Diseases
2
Hemorrhagic Fever
2
Waste Management
2
Female Genital Mutilation
2
Neonatal Care
2
Pharmacy & Technologies
2
TB
2
Digital Health
1
Online Courses Platforms
1
Bacteriology
1
Neurology & Psychology
1
Capacity Building
1
Planetary Health
1
Cancer Treatment & Resources
1
MPOX - Monkeypox
1
Disabilities
1
Water & Sanitation
1
Presentation & Lectures
1
COVID-19
1
IEC Material
1
Virology
1
Mobile Training Tools & Apps
1
Pharmaceutical Assessments
1
Leprosy
1
Fecal Disposal / Latrines
1
Leishmaniasis
1
Radiology and Diagnostic
1
Toolboxes
Country specific documents
74
Public Health
56
Assessment & Studies
50
Assessment & Response
48
Climate & Health
44
Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)
43
War & Conflict
40
Climate Change General
40
Global Impact: Socio-economic, health services, TB & HIV
37
Psychosocial Support
37
Key Resources
32
Disaster Preparedness & Prevention
30
Roadmaps, Action Plans & Policies
28
Preparedness & Prevention
28
Assessment & Response
27
MHPSS Guidelines
26
Health & Refugee
25
Psychosocial Support
25
Shelter & Reconstruction
23
International
23
Health Impact & Climate Change
22
Children's Rights
21
Cyclones Idai & Kenneth
21
Outbreak Prevention & Control
20
Inclusion in Humanitarian Settings
20
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
20
Training
20
Prevention & Preparedness
20
Humanitarian Crisis
19
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
19
Policy
19
Training Manuals
17
Key Resources
17
Education
17
WASH
17
War, Conflict Areas & Refugees
17
Assessment & Response
16
Children/Adolescents Mental Disorders
16
Child Protection
16
Hospital Readiness/Essential Health Services
16
Disaster, Migration and Conflict
16
Humanitarian Crisis
16
Protection
16
Natural Disaster
15
Ebola Prevention & Control
15
Children
15
Situation Reports & Updates
15
Inclusion
14
El Niño
14
IACAPAP International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions
14
Cholera Prevention & Control
14
Manuals
14
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
14
Appeals and Response Plans
14
Planetary Health
14
Reports
14
Urban health
14
Humanitarian Aid Guidelines
14
Chemical Attacks
13
Social Mobilisation
13
Mental Health
13
Infection Control General
13
Heat
13
War Surgery & Wound Care
13
Mental Health GAP Action Programme
13
Public Health
12
Posttraumatic stress disorder Adults
12
IPC
12
Policies & Programmes
12
Others
12
Sustainable Development Goals
12
Guiding documents and principles
12
Health Financing Toolbox
12
HIV in Key Populations
12
Training & Capacity Building
12
Disability Rights & Convention
11
Background PTSD in children
11
General Mental Health Guidelines
11
Handbooks & Manuals
11
Guidelines & Manuals
11
WASH Water Sanitation & Hygiene
11
Global Overview
11
Situation Reports & Updates
11
Reports & Studies
11
Inclusion
10
Communication & Training
10
Studies & Reports
10
Protection of Vulnerable Groups
10
MHPSS – Psychosocial Support
10
Health Care Systems
10
General Information & Methodology
10
Situation Reports & Updates
10
Assessment & Response
10
Community-based Mental Health Care
10
Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)
10
Communication & Training
9
Clinical Guidelines
9
Plague Situation Reports
9
Europe
9
mhGAP Guides
9
Children with disabilities
9
Guidelines
9
Child Protection
9
RCCE Guides & Manuals
9
Nurses
9
Overview & reports
9
Health Care In Conflict Settings
9
Malnutrition
9
Lobby and Advocacy
9
Capacity Building
9
Children with Disabilities
8
Surgery & Rehabilitation
8
Natural Disasters
8
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
8
Clinical Guidelines
8
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
8
TB & Other Vulnerable Populations
8
Sitreps & Updates
8
Mental Health Guidelines
8
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children
8
Health Promotion
8
Community Health Workers CHW
8
Guidelines General
8
Climate Change
8
General
8
Conflict
8
Self-harm & Suicide
8
Planetary Health
8
Safe Burials
8
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)
7
General Reports
7
Surveillance
7
Country specific
7
Early Warning
7
General Studies & Reports
7
Training Material
7
Food and Nutrition
7
Mental Health
7
General documents One Health
7
Mental Disorders
7
Situation Reports & Updates
7
Nuclear & Chemical Hazards
7
Situation Reports & Updates
7
Asia
7
others
7
General
7
Assistive devices & technologies
7
WASH
7
Studies & Reports
7
Africa
6
Best Practice Models
6
Local Action
6
Accessibility
6
WASH
6
Curricula & Core Competencies
6
Latin America
6
Technical Information
6
Human Rights
6
Stress
6
Clinical Guidelines
6
Tips & Best Practice Examples
6
Studies & Reports
6
Agriculture
6
Strategies
6
Waste Managment
6
Environment
6
Others
6
Psychosocial Support
6
Universal Health Coverage & Primary Health Care
6
Urban Health
6
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
6
Treatment Guidelines
5
Laboratory Guidance
5
Communication & Training
5
Influenza Prevention & Control
5
Introduction to Global Health
5
South Sudan
5
Context, Facts & Travel Advice
5
Assessment & Response
5
Refugee
5
Ebola & Marburg
5
Advocacy
5
Psychosocial Support
5
Human Rights
5
HIV and COVID-19
5
Children & Mental Health
5
Extreme Situations
5
Biodiversity shift
5
Advocacy
5
Rational use of Medicine
5
Agriculture incl. animal husbandry
5
Public Health
5
Zoonoses
5
Ethics
5
General Information
5
Neurological Disorders
5
Technical Information
5
Asia
5
For Community Health Workers
5
Anxiety Disorders
5
Guidelines CBR
5
Infection Control
5
Unaccompanied Refugee Minors
5
Action Plans, Policies & Response
5
Depression
5
Food & Nutrition
5
Studies & Reports
4
Diagnosis & Treatment PTSD in Children
4
Substance Use Disorders, Others
4
Human Rights, Stigma & Discrimination
4
Policies
4
Training
4
Mental Health Studies & Reports
4
Infection Prevention & Hygiene
4
Risk Communication
4
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
4
Surveillance & Contact tracing
4
Covid-19 & Climate Change
4
Training, others
4
Faith-based Organizations
4
For Health Worker
4
Camps and Camp-like Settings
4
Educational Settings
4
Mythbusters/Misinformation
4
At Home
4
Midwives
4
Situation Reports& Updates
4
Best Practice Examples
4
Pakistan Flood 2022
4
General
4
CBM Inclusive Project Cycle Management Training
4
Policies & Strategies
4
Substance Use Disorders & Addiction
4
Mental disorders, others
4
Urbanization
4
Clinical Guidelines
4
Overview & Statistics
4
Capacity Building
4
Eastern Europe and central Asia
4
Communication & Training
4
Communication & Social Mobilisation
3
Global Mental Health
3
Early Warning
3
Mental Health
3
Children & Adolescents
3
For Project Management
3
Influenza
3
Humanitarian Settings
3
Infection Control
3
Public Health
3
Concepts of Global Health
3
Africa
3
South Sudan
3
Mozambique
3
Women's Mental Health
3
Yemen
3
Toolkit on disability for Africa
3
Topics
3
Covid-19 & the One Health Approach
3
For Migrants & Refugees
3
For Older People
3
Child Friendly Spaces (CFS)
3
General
3
Communication Material
3
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
3
Resources Kreyol Earthquake Haiti
3
Green & healthy living
3
Mobility
3
Pharmacy Management
3
Pharmacy Practice
3
Clinical Guidelines
3
Ukraine
3
MPOX - Monkeypox
3
Appeals & Response Plans
3
Leptospirosis
3
Earthquake in Türkiye and the Syrian Arab Republic
3
One Health
3
IEC
3
Disease Prevention & Control
3
Technical Information
3
Latin America & the Carribean
3
Situation Reports
3
Public Health Administration
3
Chikungunya Prevention & Control
3
Best Practice Examples
3
Best Pratice Examples
3
Communication Tools
3
Situation Reports, others
3
Public Health
3
Neurological disorders, Others
3
Gender Aspects
2
Rapid Response
2
Violence & Child Trafficking
2
Cholera Situation Reports
2
Policies & Strategies
2
Meningitis Prevention & Control
2
HIV in Children and mental health
2
Surveillance
2
Training
2
Faith-based Organizations
2
Policies & Strategies
2
Training
2
International
2
Prevention Guidelines
2
Interculturality
2
Natural Hazards
2
Social Worker
2
Global
2
Discrimination & Stigma
2
Syria
2
Training Supporting Material mhGAP
2
Cholera
2
Communication
2
GO pre-deployment training
2
HIV / AIDS
2
Medical professionals
2
Key Resources
2
Universal Health Coverage UHC and 90-90-90 Strategy
2
General
2
Country Specific
2
Resource Platforms others
2
Sustainability
2
Workplace
2
Children
2
COVID-19
2
Encyclical Letters
2
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
2
Coping with Stress
2
Stigmatisation
2
Situation Reports COVID-19
2
Children & Mental Health
2
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)
2
Ebola Treatment Center
2
SARS-CoV-2 Variants
2
Vaccine Hesitancy & Myths
2
Others
2
Hygiene
2
Sanitation
2
Waste Management
2
Online Courses
2
Others
2
Self-care
2
Primary Care
2
Food & Nutrition
2
Clean air
2
Essential Medicines
2
Medicine Donations
2
Supply Chain & Store Management
2
Traditional & Herbal Medicines
2
Surgery
2
Land-system change
2
General Guidelines for Rational Use
2
Prevention & Measures
2
Mental Health
2
Education Principles
2
Emergency health kits
2
Global Impact of war
2
Information & Education Material (IEC)
2
Studies & Reports
2
Studies & Reports
2
Patient Safety
2
Prevention & Strategies
2
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
2
Detection & Diagnosis
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Training Material
2
Bioterrorism
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Human Rights & the Right to Health
2
National Emergency Response Plans
2
Modules
2
Global Health Education
2
Understanding Global Health
2
Health Care Systems
2
Other Resources
2
Cholera
2
AmR (Region of Americas)
2
TB
2
Reports & Studies Children HIV
2
Preparedness & Prevention
2
Public Health
2
Eastern and Southern Africa
2
Global Health Ethics
2
Alcohol
1
Demographic Transition
1
Advocacy
1
Key Resources
1
Agriculture & Veterinary
1
HIV testing & services
1
Clinical Aspects
1
Violence & Protection
1
Online Courses
1
Prevention & Control
1
Statistics & Data
1
Physical Disability
1
Ukraine
1
Information for Refugees & Migrants
1
Opportunistic Infections
1
Context & Facts
1
WPRO (Western Pacific Region)
1
Plague
1
Eastern Mediterranean Region
1
Latin America
1
Hepatitis
1
National Policies
1
Training
1
Legislative Texts
1
TB
1
For Health Professionals
1
Rwanda
1
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
1
Vaccination
1
African Region
1
Maps
1
e-Learning
1
Child Health / Pediatrics
1
Country Guidelines
1
Information for different audiences
1
Workplace
1
Epilepsy
1
Mental Health Online Resources
1
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
1
Sexual Abuse
1
Reports
1
Ethiopia
1
International
1
General
1
Laboratory
1
Supporting tools
1
Studies
1
Livestock production
1
Essential List
1
Context & Facts, Travel Advice
1
Online Courses & Resources
1
Clinical Aspects
1
Public Health
1
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
1
Video & Audio
1
Mental Health & Psychosocial Support
1
COVID-19
1
For General Public & Community
1
For People with Disabilities
1
Prison & Detention
1
Humanitarian Aid
1
Scientific & Research Studies
1
Information for the Public
1
Gender Aspects
1
Catholic Social Teaching (CST)
1
Physical Distancing
1
Health Care Professionals & Spirituality
1
Oxygen Therapy
1
Essential Medicines & Medical Devices
1
Blood Supply
1
COVID-19 Simulation Exercise Training
1
Vaccination & Strategy
1
Vaccine Candidates & Research
1
Long-term Care Facilities
1
Fair Allocation & Ethical Aspects
1
COVAX Initiative
1
Structural Violence
1
Others
1
Capacity Building
1
Others
1
Palliative Care
1
Chile
1
Wound management
1
Planetary Boundaries
1
Essential Medicines & Devices Lists
1
Falsified & Substandard
1
Model Formulary
1
Pharmaceutical Assessments
1
HIV &TB
1
Pediatrics
1
Women & Maternal Health
1
Intensive Care Unit
1
Epilepsy
1
Pharmacovigilance
1
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
1
Infectious Diseases
1
Water Pollution
1
Emergency health kits
1
More Information Refugee and Health
1
MPOX -Monkeybox Prevention & Control
1
Chagas
1
Leishmaniasis
1
Capacity Building & Resources
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
1
Studies & Reports
1
Overview, Studies & Reports
1
Vector control
1
West and central Africa
1
Awareness
1
General Information & Methodology
1
Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
1
Studies & Reports
1
Women
1
Prevention & Strategies
1
Asia and Pacific
1
Hearing Loss & Deafness
1
Autism
1
Zika
1
Alzheimer's Disease & Dementia
1
Bipolar Affective Disorders
1
General
1
TB & Prisoners
1
Regions
1
Miscellaneous
1
Prevention
1
Education of students & professionals
1
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)
1
Africa
1
Prevention of Disabilites
1
Research & Access
1
Dengue Prevention & Control
1
Disability (CBR)
1
Uganda
1
Assessment
1
Testing Guidelines
1
Assessment Tools
1
Zika Prevention & Control
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Yellow Fever Situation Report
1
Global Health Institutions and Stakeholders
1
Typhoon
1
HIV service delivery
1
Western & Central Europe
1
South-east Asia Region
1
Key Resources
1
Refugees & Migrants
1
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
1
Chikungunya
1
Global Health Action
1
Meningitis & Encephalitis
1
Social Determinants of Health
1
Country Specific Information
1
Reproductive Health
1
SEAR (South-east Asia Region)
1
Plague Prevention & Control
1
Resource Platforms
1
Global Burden of Disease
1
The guide summarizes an assessment of War Child Canada’s three-pronged legal protection model as implemented with South Sudanese refugees in Northern Uganda and uses it to identify the most important lessons for ensuring legal protection mechanisms are in place at the onset of an emergency
The report provides a global knowledge base on suicide and suicide attempts as well as actionable steps for countries based on their current resources and context to move forward in suicide prevention.
According to the Report, cascading and interlinked crises are putting the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in grave danger, along with humanity’s very own survival. The Report highlights the severity and magnitude of the challenges before us. The confluence of crises, dominated by COVID-19,...
Despite the continuing war in Ukraine, the Government is preparing for the country’s recovery and reconstruction. Given the magnitude of the attacks on the health infrastructure and consequent disruption to health system functioning, reconstruction of the health system is integral to the country...
Women have less access to the development services and support – such as adequate healthcare, education and
modern technology – that make people more resilient to climate change and other shocks and stressors.2
Women’s unequal access to resources, their disproportionate responsibility for ca...
An estimated 1.3 billion people – or 16% of global population worldwide – experience a significant disability today. Persons with disabilities have the right to the highest attainable standard of health as those without disabilities. However, the WHO Global report on health equity for persons w...
Atlas of African Health Statistics 2022: Health situation analysis of the WHO African Region
Since 2019, we have been implementing Phase 2 of the regional Transformation Agenda, which informs and aligns with the global WHO Transformation, to ensure WHO is accountable, driven by re- sults and provid...
Schistosomiasis is widely recognized as a disease that is socially determined. An understanding of the social and behavioural factors linked to disease transmission and control should play a vital role in designing policies and strategies for schistosomiasis prevention and control. To this must be a...
Every day in 2020, approximately 800 women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth - meaning that a woman dies around every two minutes.
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.1 is to reduce maternal mortality to less than 70 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births by ...
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with epidemic potential, especially after a heavy rainfall,
caused by a bacterium called Leptospira. Leptospira interrogans is pathogenic to humans and
animals, with more than 200 serologic variants or serovars. Humans usually acquire
leptospirosis through dire...
Schistosomiasis is widely recognized as a disease that is socially determined. An
understanding of the social and behavioural factors linked to disease transmission and
control should play a vital role in designing policies and strategies for schistosomiasis
prevention and control. To this must b...
Les conflits et les guerres ont des effets catastrophiques sur la santé et le bien-être des nations, et ils ont considérablement évolué au cours des dernières décennies. Avec la forte augmentation des crises humanitaires, y compris de la violence urbaine, de plus en plus de gens sont touchés...
Access to NCD medicines: emergent issues during the COVID-19 pandemic and key structural factors
recommended
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated pre-existing inequalities in the treatment and care of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This report examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to NCD medicines, and the policies and strategies implemented by countries and health sys...
Traditional food markets play important economic, cultural, and social role and are sources of livelihood for millions of people in urban and rural areas. The manual Five keys for safer traditional food markets: risk mitigation in traditional food markets in the Asia-Pacific Region aims to support a...
The World health statistics report is the annual compilation of health and health-related indicators which has been published by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2005. The 2023 edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO’s T...
This report highlights the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Zimbabwe towards contributing to the triple billion targets in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs
To provide information on trends on official development assistance (ODA) disbursement patterns for
reproductive health activities in 18 conflict-affected countries
WHO-OHCHR launch new guidance to improve laws addressing human rights abuses in mental health care
Ahead of World Mental Health Day, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OHCHR) are jointly launching a new guidance, entitled "Mental health, h...
This report shows that increased domestic revenues can and will cover only part of the necessary SDG budget spending of the LIDCs. Achieving the SDGs in the LIDCs will also require increases of both Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Private Development Assistance (PDA) to reach aggregate lev...
A global Pandemic, Preparedness and Response (RRR) architecture
