Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
64
Robert-Koch-Institut RKI
64
Pan American Health Organisation PAHO
58
Pan American Health Organization PAHO, World Health Organization WHO
41
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
35
Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS
33
WHO
33
OPAS
27
Reliefweb
27
UNICEF
26
Africa CDC
24
Ministerio de Salud Argentina
20
PERC
20
World Economic Forum et al.
20
International SOS
19
Ministerio de Salud, Peru
19
World Health Organization (WHO)
19
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
17
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe
17
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa
15
World Health Organisation (WHO)
14
Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador
13
Ministerio de Salud, Colombia
13
UN Children's Fund UNICEF
13
Global Handwashing Partnership
11
Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)
11
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social Bogotá, Colombia
10
Ministerio de sanidad - España
10
Regional Office for Africa
10
UNAIDS
10
World Health Organization
10
Cochrane Library
9
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
9
Ministerio de Salud Chile
9
OCHA
9
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
9
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
9
Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения
9
Bild und Sprache e.V.
8
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin e.V.
8
Health Emergencies Programme
8
Kamps, B.S.
8
MEDBOX
8
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India
8
Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Goverment of India
8
Pan American Health Organization PAHO
8
Sphere - Standards
8
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ)
8
Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung BzgA
7
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
7
Degam
7
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
7
Mauder, S.
7
Ministerio de Salud El Salvador
7
OPS
7
Teleducacion Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia
7
ВОЗ
7
African Union, Africa CDC
6
and S. Mauder
6
Department: Health Republic of South Africa
6
Hartmann-Boyce J., N. Lindson
6
Ministerio da Saude, Brasilia
6
OPAS, OMS
6
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS)
6
The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action
6
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
6
World Health Organisation
6
World Health Organization (Europe)
6
Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации
6
and C. Hoffmann
5
BZgA
5
Centro de Coordinación de Alertasy Emergencias Sanitarias
5
Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles
5
Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)
5
Ministerio da Saude Brasilia
5
Ministerio de Salud Publica Paraguay
5
Ministério da saúde Brasil
5
Oxfam
5
Robert-Koch-Institut RKI, Deutsches Grünes Kreuz
5
Wolters Kluwer
5
World Health Organization WHO, et al.
5
Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias
4
Clinical Care Options
4
European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC
4
European Medicines Agency EMA
4
Family Larsson
4
Feraud, H.
4
Internews
4
Ministerio de Salud Bolivia
4
Ministery of Health and Family Welfare - Government of India
4
Ministério da Saúde, Brasil
4
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
4
Ministry of Health, Kenya
4
Nation Institute for Communicable Diseases, South Africa
4
National Department of Health, South Africa
4
Open WHO
4
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Bureau régional de l'OMS pour l'Afrique
4
Organización Mundial de Saude and OPAS
4
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), OPS
4
Rosenquist Foundation (dedicated to human milk)
4
Rüppel, T.
4
World Health Organisation WHO
4
and P. Reijer
3
Apotheker ohne Grenzen
3
B.S. Kamps
3
BMJ Global Health
3
British Medical Journal
3
DIFÄM
3
Direction générale de la prevention et de la promotion de la santé
3
et al
3
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS FAO
3
Global Nutrition Cluster
3
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division)
3
Hoffmann, C.
3
Holy See Press Office
3
L. Bertinato
3
Ministerio de Salud
3
Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador
3
Ministère de la Santé - Le Gouvernement Luxembourgeis
3
Ministère de la Santé de la population et de la réforme hospitalière
3
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde Brasil
3
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
3
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
3
National Health Mission
3
OECD
3
Reijer, P.
3
République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire
3
Rüppel, J.
3
UNHCR
3
United Nations
3
UpToDate
3
WHO Europe
3
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
3
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (Eвропейское)
3
Департамент здравоохранения города Москвы
3
A. Agodi
2
Action against AIDS
2
Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Safeguarding Africa's Health)
2
African Society for Laboratory Medicine ASLM
2
African Union, African CDC, World Health Organisation
2
Amnesty International
2
AMREF
2
and J. Rüppel
2
ASLM
2
BMJ
2
C. Ferreira-Borges
2
Caroline Favas
2
CDC
2
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis and Outbreak Response
2
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, South Africa
2
Die Bundesregierung
2
Dr. J. Breda
2
Eastern Mediterranean Region
2
et. al.
2
F. P. Soruco Marc et al.
2
F. “P.” D’Ancona
2
Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development BMZ
2
Find
2
First Draft, Yale Insitute for Global Health
2
Flores Conde, F.
2
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2
Geffert, K.
2
Gentilini U., M. Almenfi, I. Orton
2
GeoPoll
2
Government of India Ministry of Health & FW
2
Government of Nigeria
2
Harding-Zentrum für Risikokompetenz
2
Health Emergency Programme
2
IFRC
2
India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project (P173836)
2
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
2
Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
2
International Labour Organisation
2
International Organization for Migration IOM
2
IRIS
2
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
2
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
2
Kim, A.
2
Kompetenznetz Public Health zu COVID-19
2
Kompetenznetz Pulic Health Covid-19
2
L. Bonadonna
2
Lancet Migration
2
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
2
M. Dara
2
Marty, F.M.
2
MEDBOX Team
2
Medical Mission Institute
2
Ministerio da Saude Brasil
2
Ministerio da Saude, CONASS, Conasems et al.
2
Ministerio de Salud de Colombia
2
Ministerio de Salud Pública, Paraguay
2
Ministerio de Salud y Deportes Bolivia
2
Ministerio de Salud, Bogota, Colombia
2
Ministério da Saúde, Brazil
2
Ministry of Health
2
Minstère de la santé, DR Congo
2
National Centre for Disease Control (formerly National Institute of Communicable Diseases)
2
National Department of Health South Africa
2
New England Journal of Medicine
2
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
2
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
2
Organización Mundial de la Salud
2
Organización Mundial de la Salud (Américas)
2
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde
2
PACK
2
PAHO
2
Pan American Health Organisation PAHO, et al.
2
Paul Ehrlich Institute
2
Paul-Ehrlich-Institu PEI
2
R. Jahn
2
Regierung Unterfranken
2
Response for Venezuelans (R4V)
2
République Démocratique du Congo, Ministère de la Santé
2
Robert Koch Institut (RKI)
2
RüppelT.
2
S.R. Lewin and R. Sherer
2
Sallam, M.
2
Save the Children
2
See text
2
Smithsonian Science Education Center
2
Smithsonian Science Education Center, et al.
2
Stop TB Partnership
2
Telesalud Colombia
2
The Alliance for Children Protection in Humanitarian Action
2
The Center For Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
2
The Lancet
2
The Public Good Projects
2
UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR
2
UNCT Zambia
2
UNFPA
2
Unicef Paraguay
2
Unidad de vigilancia de la Salud, Gobierno de la répubica de Honduras
2
Welthungerhilfe
2
WHO (World Health Organisation)
2
World Health Organization WHO
2
World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia
2
Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения - Европейское региональное бюро
2
1mg
1
350
1
A. Anand, J. Sandefur, and A. Subramanian
1
A. dos Santos Filho, W. Marques, P. Dourado, et al.
1
A. García-Prado, J.P. Sarmiento, et al.
1
A. Imohe, J. Krasevec et al.
1
A. Mahieu
1
A. Sriram
1
A. Zumla
1
A.Goncé, A. Hawkins-Villarreal et al.
1
Abbara, A.
1
Abir, T.
1
Abu Mouch et al.
1
Access to Medicine Foundation
1
Accreditation Counci for Continuing Medical Education
1
ACPF, Plan International
1
Action against AIDS Germany
1
AFEM African Federation For Emergency Medicine
1
AFP Fact check
1
Africa CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC)
1
African Union UN Human Rights Council
1
Aguilar-León, P et al.
1
AIDS Education Training Center AETC
1
Allen Institute for AI
1
Alvarado R., Ramírez J. et al
1
Alves Dias, C.
1
Alves J.D., Abade A.S., Peres W.P. et al.
1
AMCI Association Colombiana de Medicina Critica y Cuidado Intensivo
1
amref Health Africa
1
Ana Flor Hexel Cornely, João Gabriel Flôres da Rocha
1
Ananke
1
Anaya-Covarrubias, J.Y.
1
and C. Wonodi
1
and F. Morgado
1
and J. Garcia-Rosales Delgado
1
and K. Geffert
1
Antimicrobial Therapy
1
Arantes Beatriz, L. B.
1
Argote P., Barhan E., Zukerman Daly S. et al.
1
Arrieta, A.
1
ASCOFAME: Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Medicina
1
ASCOFAME: Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Medicina, Colombia
1
Ashish KC, R. Gurung, M.V Kinney, et al.
1
Asociación Colombiana de Infectología
1
Assessment Capacities Project ACAPS
1
AWMF
1
AWO
1
B. Cao
1
B. Ezenwa
1
B. N. Ezenwa, I. B. Fajolu, O. R. Akinajo, et al.
1
B. Rajamaki
1
Bagattini AM, de Melo Tavares B, Garcia Moraes Pagano C, et al.
1
Bapoutou, B.
1
Barasa, E.
1
Barcelos TN, Muniz LN, Dantas DM et al.
1
BBC Media Action
1
BC Centre for Disease Control
1
Bekyol, Y.
1
Bender L.
1
Benítez M. A., Martín E. P. S. et al.
1
Berger, S.
1
Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin (BNIT)
1
BfArM
1
Bham A., J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al.
1
Bham, A.
1
Bharat Biotech
1
Bhopal,S., and M. Nielsen
1
Biancovilli, p.
1
Biccard, B.M.
1
Bigoni, A.
1
Bing Lin A. B., M.L Dietrich, R.A.Senior, et al.
1
Bio Med Central
1
Bioethics
1
Bioforce
1
BioNTech
1
Blanco C., Rivas G. et al.
1
Blankenfeld H., H. Kaduszkiewicz, M. M. Kochen et al.
1
BMC
1
BMC Health Services
1
BMC Public Health
1
BMJ Open Science
1
Bo Peng , Rowland W. Pettit, and Christopher I. Amos
1
BOARD OF GOVERNORS In supersession of the Medical Council of India
1
Bolivia, Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de Estado Plurinacional s
1
Bozorgmehr, K.
1
Böhm H., D. Cwojdzinski, U. Grote et al.
1
BPhD e.V.
1
Braam, D.
1
Bracho C., Martinez C. et al.
1
Breathrough Action - For social and behavior change
1
British Islamic Medical Association
1
British Society for Immunology
1
Brooks,J.T.
1
Budde, H.
1
Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge
1
Bundesgesundheitsblatt
1
Bundesgesundheitsministerium
1
Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte
1
Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte BfArM
1
Bundesministerium für Gesundheit BMGS und BzGA
1
Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Deutschland
1
Bundesministerium für gesundheitliche Aufklärung BzgA
1
Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung BMZ
1
Bundesregierung Deutschland
1
Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA)
1
Bureau régional de l’OMS pour l’Afrique
1
Burrone M. S., Reginatto G. et al
1
Bustamente, J. Teleducacion Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia
1
BVÖGD, bvmd
1
C. Clift
1
C. Dias Azevedo, G. Fernandes Maciel da Silva et al.
1
C. Hoffmann, A. Gualani Gualani
1
C. Hoffmann, et al.
1
C. P. Salvo, P. Kuschner, et al
1
C. Perplies
1
Cadernos de Saúde Pública
1
Cambridge University Press
1
Camp, R. and C. Hoffmann
1
CANVax
1
CAP-China
1
Capps, B.
1
Caqueo-Urízar A., Urzúa A. et al
1
Carolina L.A. Barbieri, C. Carvalho de Souza Amorim Matos
1
Carrillo-Larco
1
Castillo C., Villalobos Dintrans P. et al
1
Castro, A.
1
Center for Global Development
1
Center for Public Interest Communications, University of Florida
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Central Pollution Control Board (Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change)
1
Centre Africain de contrôle et de prévention des maladies (CDC Afrique)
1
Centre for Respiratory Diesease and Meningitis, South Africa
1
Cerda A. A., Garcia L. Y.
1
Chairmen of the Committee on Doctrine and the Committee on Pro-Life Activities
1
Chang, S.W.
1
Charité Berlin
1
Charles Phiilipe de Lucena AlvesJoão de Deus Barreto Segundo, Gabriel Gonçalves da Costa et al.
1
Chaziya J, Freyne B, Lissauer S et al.
1
Chen Shen, Nan Xia, et al.
1
China-Japan Friendship Hospital
1
Chu, D.K.
1
Cilliers, J.
1
Clinical Drug Information, Inc. and its affiliates and
1
Clínica Universitaria Psicología
1
Cobas
1
Cochrane Iberoámerica
1
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
1
Conflict and Health
1
Conlon C., T. McDonnell, M. Barrett, et al.
1
Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Farmacéuticos (portalfarma.com)
1
Convention on Biological Diversity
1
Cordeiro Jardim, B.
1
Corman, V.
1
Couto,M.T.
1
COVID-19 Mental Disorders Collaborators
1
CovidSIM
1
Craig, J.
1
Cupertino, M. C.
1
D. Antognini, A. Combes, et al.
1
D. Todt, P. V’kovski, et al.
1
das Neves Martins Pires P.H. , Macaringue C. , Abdirazak A. et al.
1
David P.M., Le Dévédec N. et al.
1
Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo
1
Departamento de Gestão e Incorporação de Tecnologias e Inovação em Saúde – DGITIS
1
Department of Health & Family Welfare Government of Kerala
1
Department of Health South Africa
1
Department Of Medicine AIIMS New Delhi
1
Dept. of Psychiatry
1
Der Paritätische Gesamtverband
1
Desogus, A.
1
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Krankenhaushygiene e.V.
1
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Public Health et al.
1
Deutscher Bundestag
1
Deutscher Caritas Verband
1
Deutsches Grünes Kreuz e. V., Marburg, Robert Koch-Institut RKI
1
Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte
1
DGS
1
DGVS Paraguay
1
Dheda, K.
1
Diedrich, S.
1
DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE SALUD PÚBLICA, CALIDAD E INNOVACIÓN
1
Dirección General de Vigilancia de la Salud (DGVS)
1
Dirección Nacional de Atención Pre-hospitalaria y Unidades Móviles, Ecuador
1
Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division)
1
Doubova SV, Leslie HH, Kruk ME, et al.
1
Dr. Francisco José Alabí Montoya, Dr. Carlos Gabriel Alvarenga Cardoza, Dra. Karla Marina Díaz de Naves
1
Dr. P. Amoth
1
Dr. S. K. Kibias
1
Dr. Slama-Chaudhry, A.
1
Dr. Supik, L.
1
Dr. T. Plümecke
1
Dr. Will, A.
1
Dra. Ximena Garzón et al.
1
E. Beccaloni
1
E. Ross
1
E. Webb, M. Mckee et al.
1
E.A Akl, S. Duda, et al.
1
E.Schuler
1
ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control)
1
ECPC
1
Education Cluster
1
Education Development Center (EDC)
1
edX
1
Einstein Journal
1
El Gobierno des Todos, Ecuador
1
Elsevier Ltd
1
Emanuel, E.J., et al.
1
Encontros Bibli
1
Epicentro
1
Epidemiologisches Bulletin
1
Equipo Humanitaria de Pais Guatemala
1
Escritório Regional da OMS para a África
1
Espinal, Y.A.
1
et al.,
1
et Ondoua Biwole V.
1
Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority
1
Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute Public Health Emergency Management Centre
1
Ethiopian Public Health Institute
1
Ethno-Medizinische Zentrum e.V.
1
Eurofund
1
European Academy of Pediatrics
1
European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS)
1
European Medicine Agency
1
European Resuscitation Council ERC
1
European Society of Cardiology
1
European specialist nurse organisation (ESN)
1
European Union EU
1
Eurosurveillance
1
F. O. Fasina, Fasanmi O.G., Makonnen Y. J., et al.
1
F. Scaini
1
Faella O. M., Cardozo M. A. et al.
1
Fajolu, I.
1
FAU
1
Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany
1
Federal Ministry Of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
1
Feng,S.
1
Fenly Mejia, N.
1
Ferraretto, L.A.
1
Ferres M., Potin M.
1
Feune de Colombi, N.
1
FHI 360
1
Fiocruz
1
Florida International University
1
Food and Drug Administration
1
Foundation for Innovative and New Diagnostics
1
Frase N. S.
1
Frontiers in Public Health
1
Fundacao Oswald Cruz
1
Future Learn
1
Future Learn, ASLM
1
FutureLearn
1
G, Zambrano, E Salgato, F. M. Moyano et al.
1
G. Amaya, Contrera M.
1
G. Settimo
1
G.A.Williams, G. Scarpetti, et al.
1
Garcia, P.J.
1
GAVI
1
Gavi, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and WHO
1
Gavilanez Medina Patricia, Gualoto Lincango Blanca, Chamorro Obando Patricia et al
1
Gerald Keusch, Keith McAdam, Patricia Cuff, Michelle Mancher, and Emily R. Busta
1
German Resuscitation Council
1
Gesellschaft für Thrombose-undHämostaseforschung e.V. GTH
1
Giattino, C.
1
Gideon
1
Gilman, R.T.
1
Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França, Valdelaine Etelvina Miranda de Araújo et al.
1
Global Dynamics of Social Policy
1
Global MediXchange for Combating COVID-19 (GMCC)
1
Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI
1
Global Polio Eradication Initiative GPEI
1
Global Preparedness Monitoring Board
1
Gobierno de Espana
1
Goodman, T.
1
Gottlieb N., N. Davidovitch, D. F. Filc et al.
1
Gottlieb, N., M. Hintermeier, K. Bozorgmehr
1
Government of Burundi World Health Organization
1
Government of India
1
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (
1
Government of Libya, World Health Organization (WHO)
1
Government of Malawi
1
Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1
Government of the Republic of Moldova United Nations in Moldova
1
Government of the United Kingdom
1
Government of tndia Ministry of Heatth & Family Welfare Nirman Bhavan, New Delhi - 110011
1
Governments of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone
1
Governo de Angola
1
Governo Federal do Brasil
1
Greenhalgh, T.
1
Greinacher, A., et al.
1
Gustavo Corrêa, G.
1
Guzman-Vilca, W. C.
1
Guzmán M.
1
H. Ritchie, M. Roser, et al.
1
Haider, N.
1
Half of Syria
1
Hamid, H.
1
Handicap International
1
Hartman-Boyce J., N. Lindson
1
Harvard Global Health Institute
1
Hasman, A-
1
Hategeka C, Carter SE, Chenge FM, et al.
1
Hatmann-Boyce J., N. Lindson
1
Haute Conseil de la Santé Publique
1
Health Cluster
1
Health Cluster & Shelter Cluster Iraq
1
Health Cluster, WHO
1
health Department: Health Republic of South Africa
1
Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HSE)
1
Health Sector Syria
1
Heart, BMJ journals
1
Heinrich-Böll Stiftung, European Union EU
1
Hernández F.A.
1
Hélène Fagherazzi-Pagel
1
Honein MA, Christie A, Rose DA, et al.
1
Horizon Medical Education
1
hpsc
1
Human Rights Watch
1
Hurtado, J.J.
1
Hygiene Hub
1
I. Frost
1
ICMHD
1
IHME Institut for Health Metrics and Evaluation
1
iMMAP
1
Immunization Action Coalition
1
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
1
Insfran J. D. M., Vicioso J. J. R. et al.
1
Institute for Security Studies ISS
1
Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR)
1
Inter-American Development Bank IDB
1
International Commission of Jurists
1
International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC
1
International Indigenous Women
1
International Labour Organization ILO, R4V, UN Development Programme UNDP
1
International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
1
International Vaccines Task Force (IVTF)
1
Irarrazaval M., Norambuena P. et al
1
J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al.
1
J. C. Butler, R. R. Redfield
1
J.de D. Barreto Segundo, G.Gonçalves da Costa, et al.
1
JAMIA Open
1
Jara A., Undurraga E. A. et al
1
Jassat, W.
1
Jésuites d'Afrique de l'Ouest
1
John Hopkins Bloomberg School
1
Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Facebook Data for Good, MIT, WHO and GOARN
1
Julián-Jiménez, A.
1
K. Doerholt
1
K. Geffert und S. Mauder
1
K. Keeren
1
K. Lancaster
1
K. Tolksdorf
1
Kalafs.S.
1
Kamps, B.S., and R. Camp
1
Kamradt, T., and B.S. Kamps
1
Kamradt, T., B.S. Kamps J. García-Rosales Delgado
1
Kamu Hastaneleri Genel Müdürlüğü
1
Karagiannidis, C.
1
KAUST Rapid Research Response Taskforce (R3T) and CBRC
1
Kementerian Kesehatan Republic Indonesia
1
KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme and African Academy of Sciences
1
Kenya Red Cross
1
Kinder- und Jugendärzte im Netz
1
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
1
Kleynhans, J.
1
Kluge, S. et al.
1
Knoll, M.D.
1
Knowledge Translation Unit, et al.
1
Knowledge Translation Unit, Prefeitura Florianópolis, et al.
1
Kochhar, S.
1
Koczulla, A Rembert
1
Kompetenznetz Public Health COVID-19
1
Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung
1
Kratzel, A.
1
Krebsinformationsdienst
1
Kuehn, B.M.
1
L'epidemiologia per la sanità pubblica - Istituto Superiore di Sanità
1
L. Biddle
1
L. Cai
1
L. Makszin and C.Jurberg
1
Lanari L., K. Y. Poli dos Santos
1
Landesärztekammer Baden-Württemberg
1
Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg
1
Lecturio
1
Leisenheimer, M.
1
Leon-Velarde, F.
1
Les pressen universitaires de Yaounde
1
LIiang T., H. Cai Hongliu, Y. Chen et al.
1
Logunov, D.Y, et al.
1
Lok Swasthya SEWA Trust and World Health Organization WHO India
1
Loua, A.
1
Lucena Alves, C.P. de
1
M. Ballard, Bancroft E., Nesbit J., et al.
1
M. Langer
1
M. Mascherini, et al.
1
M. Nebuloni
1
M. S. Razai
1
M. V. Larico Rojas
1
M.M. Bailey, D. Bickford et al.
1
M.Sergio, R.E. Paiva Souto and J.Segata
1
Makwe, C.
1
Maman, D.
1
Manju Vatsa, Duangvadee Sungkhobol, Sudarshan Kumari, et al.
1
Martinez-Portilla r.J.
1
Marzouk M., Rayes D., Y. Douedari et al.
1
Massachussetts University, Harvard University
1
Mauder, S
1
Mauder, S., K. Geffert
1
McLean M., Gibbs T., Mc Kimm J.
1
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) UK
1
Mediendienst Integration
1
Migration Policy Institute
1
Military Medical Research
1
MiMi Mit Migranten für Migranen Gesundheitsportal
1
Minesterio de Salud
1
Minisisterio da Saude - Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde Doença pelo Novo Coronavírus, Brasilia
1
Ministerio da Saude Brasilia, Centro Colaborador do SUS
1
Ministerio da Saude do Brasil
1
Ministerio de Salud y Deportes Bolivia
1
Ministerio de Educacion Paraguay
1
Ministerio de Salud Lineamientos para el diagnóstico, abordaje en el período agudo y seguimiento post COVID-19 de niños, niñas y adolescentes Programa Nacional de Salud Escolar (PROSANE) y Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría (SAP)
1
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social (MSPBS), Paraguay
1
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social - Paraguay
1
Ministerio de Salud y Proteccion Social Bogota, Colombia
1
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social Bogotá
1
Ministerio de Salud, Bolivia
1
Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de Chile
1
Ministerio de Sanidad
1
Ministerio der Salud Argentina
1
Ministero della Salute
1
Ministery od Healt and Family Welfare - Government of India
1
Ministery of Health and Familiy Welfare - Government of India
1
Ministery of Health and Family Welfare - Gorvernment of India
1
Ministery of Health and Family Welfare - Governemtn of India
1
Ministery of Health and Family Welfare- Government of India
1
Ministère de la santé - DR Congo
1
Ministère du la santé - DR Congo
1
Ministére de la Santé, Cote d'Ivoire
1
Ministério da Saúde
1
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação em Saúde
1
Ministrerio das Saude do Brasil
1
Ministry of Disaster Management Affairs and Public Events
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (EMR Division)
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare of Bangladesh, Directorate General of Health Services
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Goverment of India
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services (Emergency Medical Relief)
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Directorate General of Health Services [Emergency Medical Relief]
1
Ministry of Health Ghana
1
Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, South Africa
1
Ministry pf Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone
1
Montelongo, A.
1
Morse, J.M.
1
Moungou Mbenda S.
1
Msomi, N.
1
Multidisciplinary Collaborative Group for the Scientific Monitoring of COVID-19 (GCMSC)
1
N. P. Singh
1
N. Petrosillo
1
Nalbandian, A.
1
Nam Aidsmap
1
Nation Institute for Communicable Diseases
1
Nation Institute for Communicable Diseases - Division of the National Health Laboratory Service
1
National Academy of Medicine
1
National Centre for Disease Control
1
National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Tasforce
1
National Department of Health (NDoH) South Africa
1
National Department of Health Directorate: Communicable Diseases
1
National Department of Health South-Africa
1
National Directorate for Economy, Equality and Gender and UNICEF
1
National Epidemiology Center Department of Health Philippines
1
National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD)
1
National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru India
1
National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences
1
National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences - India
1
Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen
1
National Centre for Disease Control
1
NDoH South Africa
1
NDR
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
News-FR-24
1
NICD, National Health Laboratory Services
1
NICE
1
NICE guideline
1
NPJ
1
Nuffield Council on Bioethics
1
O. M. Драпкина, Л. Ю. Дроздова,В. А. Егоров et al.
1
O. Razum
1
OAS
1
Odlum, A.
1
OEA (Más derechos para más gente)
1
Office of the Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India
1
OHCHR
1
OMS (WHO)
1
on@campus
1
One World Data
1
ONUSIDA
1
Organisation mondiale de Santé
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud & Organización Panamericana de la Salud
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)
1
Organización Panamericana de la Salud OPS
1
Organização Mundial da Saùde
1
Organização Mundial da Saúde. Escritório Regional para a África
1
Organização Pan-American da Saúde OPS
1
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde e Ministério da Saúde
1
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OSCE
1
OVID-19 Excess Mortality Collaborators
1
Özler B.
1
P. K. Jain
1
P. Zitko, Á. Passi-Solar et al.
1
P.M. Rodrigues de Souza, B. da Costa Thomé et al.
1
Padilla, M.
1
Paex I, Cederno J.R., Paredes Arce P. et al.
1
Pan American Health Organisation PAHO, OPS
1
Paniz-Mondolfi, P.
1
Paraguay Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar
1
Patria Amada Brasil
1
Patrini, V.
1
Páez, L.S.
1
Penning, V.
1
Pfizer
1
PGP, UNICEF, Yale Institute for Global Health
1
Plataforma Clínica Global da OMS para COVID-19
1
PLOS ONE
1
PNG
1
Polack, F.P. et al.
1
Pontifical Academy for Life
1
Prather, K.A., C.C. Wang , and R.T. Schooley
1
Primerdesign LTD
1
Prof. Dr. P. Bendel
1
Project Drawdown
1
Protection Cluster et al.
1
Publicación de las Naciones Unidas
1
Qing‐Xia Ma Hu Shan Chuan‐Mei Zhang
1
Qreini, M.
1
Quarks
1
R. D. Blacutt Paniagua
1
R. D. Costa Benavides, V. C. Altamirano, A. L. Alvarado et al.
1
R. James
1
R. Lessells, K. Mlisana and T. de Oliveira
1
R.M.
1
R.M. de Oliveira Costa et al.
1
Rahman-Shepherd, A.
1
Rajan, S.
1
Ramanathan, K.
1
Reckitt
1
Refugees International
1
Regional Office for Africa, Government of Mauritius
1
Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterreanan
1
reliefweb, Government of Nigeria
1
Republic of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1
Republic of Kenya Ministry of Health
1
Resende, M. B.
1
retten.org
1
Reusken C. B. E. M., E. K. Broberg, B. Haagmans et al.
1
Rev Panam de Salud Pública
1
Revista Cientifica FMC
1
Rhodes, T.
1
Ribeiro de Carvallho, C.R. et al.
1
Ribero, M.
1
Ricardo Heinzelmann, Rogerio Luz Coelho Neto et al.
1
Richmond, S
1
RKI
1
Robert-Koch-Instiut RKI
1
Roberton, T.
1
Roca de Sangüeza, M.A.
1
Rocha, R.
1
Rochweg, B.
1
Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. and Franco O. H.
1
Rohleder, S.
1
Romanello M., McGushin A., et al.
1
Rosylane Nascimento das Mercês, Rocha Francisco Cortes Fernandes, Josierton Cruz Bezerra
1
Royal Australian College of General Practitioner
1
Rudasa
1
Rude, B.
1
Rueppel, A
1
Ruge
1
Rupp, N.
1
Ryan, R.E.
1
S. Brünink
1
S. Buda
1
S. Ijaz
1
S. Ladhani
1
S. Lazzari and G. Kiesner
1
S. Lees et al.
1
S. Mahroof-Shaffi, C. Harkensee, A.T Chamberlain
1
S. Novoa, B. Nieto et al.
1
S. Ripoll and S. Carter
1
S. Rohleder, M. Qreini, et al.
1
Sagan, A.
1
Saiful Islam M. , Mizanur Rahman K., Sun Y., et al.
1
Salvi, S.S.
1
Santé publique France
1
Santos-D'Amorim K, Fernandes de Oliveira Mirand MK
1
Satomi, E.
1
Saúde mental, relações raciais e Covid - 19
1
Sánchez Báez E.A., Diego D. et al.
1
Sándor, E.
1
Schueller, E.
1
Secretaria de Atencao Primaria Saude (SAPS)
1
Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde − Ministério da Saúde
1
Secretaria Extraordinária de Enfrentamento à COVID-19, Brasil
1
Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro
1
Secretaría General de la Organización de los Estados Americanos
1
SEGO, SAC Ecuador
1
Segvia, E. V. L. et al.
1
Seitz, W.
1
Semantic Scholar
1
Servicio de Infectología Clínica–Instituto de Medicina Tropical
1
Sesame Street
1
Série Informação para ação na Covid-19 | Fiocruz
1
Shongjog, the national platform for Communication with Communities in Bangladesh.
1
SHRIN
1
SickKids
1
sihhat
1
Singh, A. K.
1
Siriam, A.
1
SOCHIMU
1
Social Science in Humanitarian Action
1
Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform
1
Sociedad Boliviana de Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva
1
Sociedad Boliviana de Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva/ Ministerio de Salud Bolivia
1
Sociedad Boliviana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
1
Sociedad ecuatoriana de geriatria y gerontologia
1
Sociedad Paraguaya de Infectologia (SPI)
1
Sociedad Paraguaya de Pediatria
1
Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade
1
South Sudan Medical Journal
1
Souza, P.C.A.
1
Sphere
1
SPI
1
Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH
1
Springer Nature
1
Stanford Guide
1
SUBPAV, SMS-Rio
1
Subsecretaria de Saúde Gerência de Informações Estratégicas em Saúde CONECTA-SUS
1
T. Bleicker
1
T. Fernández Dávil, P. A. Hidalgo Andrade, F. G. Torres Toala et al.
1
Tabitha Hrynick, T.
1
Tasker, A.
1
TASS russian news agency
1
Tegally, H.
1
Teichert U., P. Tinnemann
1
Teichert, U.
1
TelessaudeRS, Ministerio da Saude Brasil
1
The Alliance for Child Protection in humanitarian action
1
The Alliance for Chilfren Protection in Humanitarian Action
1
The Center For Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
1
The Chatham House
1
The EcoHealth Alliance, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
1
The Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
1
The Gamaleya National Center Russia
1
The Georg Institute for Global Health India
1
The Independent Panel
1
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
Coronavirus es una gran familia de virus conocidos por causar enfermedades que van desde un resfriado común hasta manifestaciones clínicas más severas como las observadas en el Síndrome respiratorio por el coronavirus de Oriente Medio (MERS) y el Síndrome espiratorio agudo grave (SARS).
Un nue...vo coronavirus (2019-n-CoV) se identificó en 2019 en Wuhan, China. Este es un nuevo coronavirus que no se ha identificado previamente en humanos.
Este curso ofrece una introducción general al 2019-nCoV y a los virus respiratorios emergentes .Está dirigido a profesionales de la salud pública, gerentes de incidentes, personal que trabaja para las Naciones Unidas, organizaciones internacionales y ONGs.more
This document provides guidance on the application of non-pharmaceutical countermeasures to minimise the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in the population. Some of the measures proposed refer specifically to certain phases of the epidemic (containment or mitigation phases), and can ...be adapted depending on the assessed severity/impact of the infection. Other measures are valid for all phases of an epidemic.
The guidance is based on the current knowledge of the 2019-nCoV and evidence available on other viral respiratory pathogens, mainly the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and seasonal or pandemic influenza viruses.more
En enero de 2020, el agente etiológico responsable de un grupo de casos de neumonía grave en Wuhan, China, fue identificado como un nuevo betacoronavirus (2019-nCoV), distinto del SARS-CoV y MERS-CoV (1) (2) (3). La secuencia genómica completa de este nuevo agente está disponible y se han desarr...ollado diferentes protocolos de detección, aunque aún no se han validado por completo. Sin embargo, a la luz de la posible introducción de un caso sospechoso relacionado con el 2019-nCoV en la Región de las Américas, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud / Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS / OMS) recomienda a los Estados Miembros garantizar su identificación oportuna, el envío de las muestras a laboratorios Nacionales o de referencia y la implementación del protocolo de detección molecular para 2019-nCoV, según la capacidad del laboratorio.
Hasta la fecha, no es completamente claro el potencial patogénico ni la dinámica de transmisión del 2019nCoV. Por esta razón y a la luz del conocimiento de otros virus similares (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV), es necesario mantener y fortalecer las medidas de bioseguridad y elementos de protección personal para el trabajo con muestras sospechosas de infección con patógenos respiratorios.more
The latest update (28 January 2021) includes the following addition and revision:
biosafety aspects for working with antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic test;
handling new variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the laboratory;
updated assay decontamination before disposal;
personal protectiv...e equipment (PPE) for specimen collection;
addressing chemical hazards and their safe disposal; and
the fourth edition of the WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual (LBM4) is now available and the terminology in this guidance was aligned with the LBM4.more
There is no secret to our procedure: the daily scanning of the literature helps us to stay afloat in the never-ending waves of new publications about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Many papers discussed in the Top 10 will eventually make it into subsequent editions of COVID Reference.
There is no secret to our procedure: the daily scanning of the literature helps us to stay afloat in the never-ending waves of new publications about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Many papers discussed in the Top 10 will eventually make it into subsequent editions of COVID Reference.
This document summarizes current WHO guidance for public health surveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (hereafter referred to as COVID19 surveillance).
Orientations provisoires, 28 janvier 2021
Dans cette version mise à jour des orientations sur la sécurité biologique en laboratoire en rapport avec le SARS-CoV-2, le virus responsable de la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), les points suivants ont été ajoutés : aspects de... sécurité biologique relatifs à la réalisation des tests diagnostiques rapides antigéniques, manipulation des nouveaux variants du SARS-CoV-2 au laboratoire, mise à jour de la décontamination des tests avant leur élimination, équipement de protection individuelle (EPI) pour le prélèvement d’échantillons et, même s’ils ne concernent pas directement la sécurité biologique, dangers chimiques et leur élimination en toute sécurité.more
Les pays du monde entier sont confrontés à des situations épidémiologiques diverses, et disposent de capacités de réaction différentes et d’un accès inégal aux outils permettant de sauver des vies. L’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) recommande aux autorités nationales de contin...uer à appliquer une approche fondée sur les risques lorsqu’elles mettent en œuvre des mesures relatives aux voyages internationaux dans le contexte de la COVID-19, tout en respectant la dignité, les droits humains et les libertés fondamentales des voyageurs. Cette approche doit prendre en compte le risque d’importation et d’exportation de cas posé par les voyages dans le cadre de l’évolution de la situation épidémiologique, y compris de l’émergence et de la circulation de variants préoccupants du SARS-CoV-2, du déploiement de la vaccination contre la COVID-19 et des enseignements tirés de la riposte à la pandémie, notamment en ce qui concerne la détection précoce et la prise en charge des cas, ainsi que l’application de mesures sociales et de santé publique.more
WHO has developed a clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by Delphi methodology that includes 12 domains, available for use in all settings. This first version was developed by patients, researchers and others, representing all WHO regions, with the understanding that the definition ma...y change as new evidence emerges and our understanding of the consequences of COVID-19 continues to evolve.
Post COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection, usually 3 months from the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms and that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive dysfunction but also others and generally have an impact on everyday functioning. Symptoms may be new onset following initial recovery from an acute COVID-19 episode or persist from the initial illness. Symptoms may also fluctuate or relapse over time.more
Esta primeira versão de Medicamentos para prevenção da COVID-19: Orientação dinâmica da OMS aborda o uso de hidroxicloroquina para prevenção da COVID-19. Segue-se a publicação de uma análise sistemática e NMA que reuniu dados de seis estudos com 6.059 participantes que não tinham COVID-...19 e receberam hidroxicloroquina. Três estudos envolveram participantes que tiveram uma exposição conhecida a uma pessoa com infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Em resposta à divulgação dos dados de estudos, o GDG da OMS desenvolveu recomendações sobre a hidroxicloroquina, um agente anti-inflamatório que atua por meio do bloqueio dos receptores Toll-like, reduzindo a ativação das células dendríticas. É usada para tratar a artrite reumatoide e o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Tem um efeito antiviral contra muitos vírus in vitro, inclusive o SARS-CoV-2, mas não foi demonstrado um efeito antiviral clinicamente útil para nenhuma infecção viral.more
WHO has developed a clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by Delphi methodology that includes 12 domains, available for use in all settings. This first version was developed by patients, researchers and others, representing all WHO regions, with the understanding that the definition ma...y change as new evidence emerges and our understanding of the consequences of COVID-19 continues to evolve.
Post COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection, usually 3 months from the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms and that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive dysfunction but also others and generally have an impact on everyday functioning. Symptoms may be new onset following initial recovery from an acute COVID-19 episode or persist from the initial illness. Symptoms may also fluctuate or relapse over time.more
Die WHO hat mit Hilfe der Delphi-Methode eine klinische Falldefinition für das Post-COVID-19-Syndrom entwickelt, die 12 Domänen umfasst und in allen Bereichen verwendet werden kann. Diese erste Version wurde von Patienten, Forschern und anderen Personen aus allen WHO-Regionen entwickelt, wobei dav...on ausgegangen wird, dass sich die Definition ändern kann, wenn sich neue Erkenntnisse ergeben und sich unser Verständnis der Folgen von COVID-19 weiterentwickelt.
Die Post-COVID-19-Erkrankung tritt bei Personen mit einer wahrscheinlichen oder bestätigten SARS-CoV-2-Infektion in der Anamnese auf, in der Regel drei Monate nach dem Auftreten von COVID-19 mit Symptomen, die mindestens zwei Monate anhalten und nicht durch eine andere Diagnose erklärt werden können. Zu den häufigen Symptomen gehören Müdigkeit, Kurzatmigkeit, kognitive Störungen, aber auch andere Symptome, die sich im Allgemeinen auf das tägliche Leben auswirken. Die Symptome können nach der anfänglichen Genesung von einer akuten COVID-19-Episode neu auftreten oder nach der ersten Erkrankung fortbestehen. Die Symptome können auch schwanken oder im Laufe der Zeit wieder auftreten.more
WHO has developed a clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by Delphi methodology that includes 12 domains, available for use in all settings. This first version was developed by patients, researchers and others, representing all WHO regions, with the understanding that the definition ma...y change as new evidence emerges and our understanding of the consequences of COVID-19 continues to evolve.
Post COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection, usually 3 months from the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms and that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive dysfunction but also others and generally have an impact on everyday functioning. Symptoms may be new onset following initial recovery from an acute COVID-19 episode or persist from the initial illness. Symptoms may also fluctuate or relapse over time.more
The Committee discussed the implications for preparedness for smallpox-like events reflected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The Committee noted how quickly diagnostics and vaccines could be developed and deployed when resources and political will were abundant. This rapidity was also due to the f...act that the genetic sequence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had been shared worldwide. It was noted that in one country SARS-CoV-2 had been reconstructed in a laboratory from the viral genome sequence before the first case of COVID-19 had been reported, highlighting the benefits of synthetic biology technologies for accelerated development of diagnostics as well as the oft-described potential risks. Lessons learned about clinical care during the COVID-19 pandemic were also discussed.more
This document aims to encourage countries to develop and implement policies to maintain and strengthen IPC programmes and measures in health care facilities in the context of the current ongoing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, with recognition that epidemiological trends may vary and the risk of tra...nsmission of other pathogens.more
This document aims to encourage countries to develop and implement policies to maintain and strengthen IPC programmes and measures in health care facilities in the context of the current ongoing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, with recognition that epidemiological trends may vary and the risk of tra...nsmission of other pathogens.more
Los coronavirus son un grupo de virus ARN altamente diversos de la familia Coronaviridae que se dividen en
4 géneros: alfa, beta, gamma y delta, y que causan enfermedades de leves a graves en humanos y animales
(1-3). Existen coronavirus humanos endémicos como los alfacoronavirus 229E y NL63 y l...os betacoronavirus
OC43 y HKU1 que pueden causar enfermedades de tipo influenza o neumonía en humanos. Sin embargo,
tres betacoronavirus zoonóticos que pueden causar enfermedad severa en humanos han emergido: el
coronavirus del Síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV), el coronavirus del Síndrome respiratorio de
Oriente Medio (MERS-CoV) y el virus de COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).more
The Infection prevention and control in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a living guideline consolidates technical guidance developed and published during the COVID-19 pandemic into evidence-informed recommendations for infection prevention and control (IPC). This living guideline... is available both online and PDF.
**This version of the living guideline (version 5.0) **includes the following seven revised statements for the prevention, identification and management of SARS-CoV-2 infections among health and care workers:
a good practice statement on national and subnational testing strategies;
a good practice statement on passive syndromic surveillance of health and care workers;
a good practice statement on prioritizing health and care workers for SARS-CoV-2 testing;
a good practice statement on protocols for reporting and managing health and care worker exposures;
a good practice statement to limit in-person work of health and care workers with active SARS-CoV-2 infections;
a statement on high-risk exposures and quarantine; and,
a conditional recommendation on the duration of isolation for health and care workers.
Understanding the updated section
Prevention of infections in the health care setting includes a multi-pronged and multi-factorial approach that includes IPC and occupational health and safety measures and adherence to Public Health and Social Measures in the community by the health workforce. The underlying infection prevention and control strategy of this section is the notion that early identification of symptomatic cases, testing and quarantining/isolating health and care workers decreases the risk of nosocomial infection to patients and to other health and care workers.more
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease that requires differential diagnosis and proper classification to identify appropriate therapy. Nonpharmacologic therapy and preventative measures should be utilized to prevent worsening of disease, symptoms, and complications. The Gl...obal Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines classify a patient’s COPD and provide recommendations for first-line treatment. The 2021 update included information regarding the use of e-cigarettes as nicotine replacement, triple therapy, and how the SARS-CoV-2 virus impacted patients with COPD. This article will focus on the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of COPD, as well as recently updated information regarding the use of e-cigarettes and the impact of COVID-19.more