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Emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a result of the use, overuse and misuse of antibiotics both in humans and animals. In Ethiopia, there are indications on the misuse of antibiotics by health care providers’, unskilled practitioners, and drug consumers. These coupled with rapid spread of res ... more
During the COVID-19 health crisis, community pharmacists had an enhanced role in supporting health-care systems that were overburdened by managing seriously ill patients. This study was undertaken to determine the patterns of community supply of antiviral and antibacterial agents from community phar ... more
Handle Antimicrobials with care, we can help!
Antimicrobial Resistance can effect us all! Take action now
5th revised edition. This document provides a ranking of medically important antimicrobials for risk management of antimicrobial resistance due to non-human use. The current revision took place at the seventh meeting of the AGISAR held in Raleigh, ... more
The extensive use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine in recent years has accelerated the emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms. This situation has been worsened by the lack of investment in developing new effective antibio ... more
The WHO CIA List should be used as a reference to help formulate and prioritize risk assessment and risk management strategies for containing antimicrobial resistance. The WHO CIA List supports strategies to mitigate the human health risks associated with antimicrobial use in ... more
WHO CIA list categorizes all antimicrobials used in human medicine into 3 groups based on their importance to human medicine. The current scope is limited to antibacterial drugs of which most are also used in ... more
These guidelines present evidence-based recommendations and best practice statements on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, based on the WHO list of critically important an ... more
This manual will contribute directly to the fourth focus area of the FAO Action Plan by promoting the prevention of infections and the prudent use of antibiotics in the pig and poultry sectors. The pig and poultry sectors are addressed together, as these sectors generally have the highest use of ant ... more
These Guidelines on prudent use of antimicrobials in human health are based on a technical report prepared by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) with input from EU Member States experts and stakeholders, which should be re ... more
Antimicrobial resistance(AMR) poses a serious threat to human, animal and environmental health. Implementing ethical practice guidelines on how to use antimicrobials effectively and responsibly within the pig industry will c ... more
In May 2015, the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly recognized the importance of the public health problem posed by antimicrobial resistance by adopting the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (“global action plan”). The global action plan proposes interve ... more
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in animals and humans is contributing to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Some types of bacteria that cause serious infections in humans have already developed resistance to most or all of the available treatments, and there are very ... more
The publication provides an overview and analysis of international instruments that set standards related to the use of antimicrobials across the human, animal and plant sectors, and their release into the environment. The purpose of the document is ... more
Lancet Glob Health 2021 Published Online December 13, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00463-
The OIE has been working on the AMR issue for a long time. In undertaking its role as a standard- setting organisation* for animal health, including zoonoses, the OIE has developed a wide range of international standards on antimicrobial agents, in particular on responsible and prudent use. The ... more