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MEDBOX is an innovative online library aimed at improving the quality of healthcare in humanitarian action, worldwide.
MEDBOX is an independent internet platform supported by international agencies and scientific institutions active in humanitarian assistance, development and health work worldwide. MEDBOX collates the increasing number of professional guidelines, textbooks and practical documents on health action available online today and brings these into the hands of humanitarian aid and health workers: when they need it, where they need it.
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated pre-existing inequalities in the treatment and care of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This report examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to NCD medicines, and the policies and strategies implemented by countries and health systems to anticipate and mitigate stresses across NCD medicine supply chains. The full range of upstream and downstream impacts are investigated, including: manufacturing; procurement, importation and last mile delivery; patient-level effects through affordability and availability; and the effects on NCD medicine availability by category of disease. The report culminates in recommended actions and interventions for key stakeholders in the NCD pharmaceutical supply chain, including governments, regulatory authorities, manufacturers and the private sector; as well as directions for future research for improving access and supply chain access resilience ... more
The WHO Living guideline: Drugs to prevent COVID-19 contains the Organization’s most up-to-date recommendations for the use of drugs to prevent COVID-19. The latest version of this living guideline is available in pdf format (via the ‘Download’ button) and via an online platform. Guidelines regarding the use of drugs to treat (rather than prevent) COVID-19 are included in a separate WHO document, Therapeutics and COVID-19: living guideline, that can via an online platform and in pdf format (or click ‘PDF’ in top right corner of online platform). Guidelines regarding the clinical management of COVID-19 patients are included in a further document, COVID-19 Clinical management: Living guideline, that can be accessed via an online platform and in pdf format (or click ‘PDF’ in top right corner of online platform) ... more
The WHO continuously reviews available data on SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. For this version, the global epidemiological situation of the COVID-19 pandemic as of 21 January 2022 – at a time when the Omicron VOC had been identified in 171 countries across all six WHO Regions and was rapidly replacing Delta worldwide – was considered Omicron has a substantial growth advantage, higher secondary attack rates and a higher observed reproduction number than Delta. There is now significant evidence that immune evasion contributes to the rapid spread of Omicron. Other factors may be a shorter serial interval (by about 0.8 to 1.2 days compared to Delta) and potential increased intrinsic transmission fitness . There is growing evidence that with Omicron, there is lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection and symptomatic disease soon after vaccination compared to Delta. There is also evidence of accelerated waning of VE over time of the primary series against infection and symptomatic disease for the studied vaccines. Further studies are required to better understand the drivers of transmission and declining incidence in various settings. These factors include the intrinsic transmission fitness properties of the virus, degree of immune evasion, vaccination coverage and level of vaccine-derived and post-infection immunity, levels of social mixing and degree of application of public health and social measures (PHSM) ... more
As of 12 December 2022, over 645 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with COVID-19, with over 6.6 million deaths (4). The Omicron variant, which emerged in late November 2021, and its subvariants, are now the dominant circulating viruses, contributing to the ongoing surge in several countries (4). Vaccination has substantially reduced case numbers and hospitalizations in many countries,but limitations in global access to vaccines mean that many populations, including those in low- and middle-income countries, remain vulnerable. Even in vaccinated individuals, uncertainties remain about duration of protection and efficacy, and the degree of crossprotection with new variants. There remains a need for more effective treatment and management for those affected by COVID-19. The pandemic – and the explosion of both research and misinformation – has highlighted the need for trustworthy, accessible and regularly updated living guidelines to place emerging findings into context and provide clear recommendations for clinical practic ... more
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) published a clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition, by a Delphi consensus, on 6 October 2021. That process concluded that a separate definition may be applicable for children. It is important to understand the frequency, characteristics and risk factors that lead to post COVID-19 condition, along with its impact on everyday functioning and development of children and adolescents. Long-term outcomes of the condition are currently unknown and need to be studied. For these reasons, a globally standardized clinical case definition is needed. Aim: To develop a globally relevant standardized clinical case definition for children and adolescents by building on the WHO clinical case definition for post COVID-19 condition in adults ... more
La sécurité du traitement hospitalier et la réalité des soins sont des préoccupations majeures dans les systèmes de santé. La transfusion sanguine a fait l’objet de procédures juridiques et d’études au Canada, en Angleterre, en France, en Irlande et dans d’autres pays. Il conviendrait que les hôpitaux soient à même de montrer que leurs méthodes de transfusion sanguine sont sûres, cliniquement effectives et efficaces. En voici les raisons ... more
During monitoring and between patients Always read and follow the instructions and recommendations of the manufacturer`s manual The device must be cleaned and disinfected after each individual use and, at minimum weekly, prior to use on another patient ... more
Los coronavirus son un grupo de virus ARN altamente diversos de la familia Coronaviridae que se dividen en 4 géneros: alfa, beta, gamma y delta, y que causan enfermedades de leves a graves en humanos y animales (1-3). Existen coronavirus humanos endémicos como los alfacoronavirus 229E y NL63 y los betacoronavirus OC43 y HKU1 que pueden causar enfermedades de tipo influenza o neumonía en humanos. Sin embargo, tres betacoronavirus zoonóticos que pueden causar enfermedad severa en humanos han emergido: el coronavirus del Síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV), el coronavirus del Síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio (MERS-CoV) y el virus de COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) ... more
During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers in areas where dengue is endemic or who are treating patients with recent travel history to these areas, need to consider dengue and COVID-19 in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile illnesses ... more
Diferencias y similitudes del dengue y el COVID-19
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