The Fourth Health Sector HIV and AIDS Strategic Plan (HSHSP IV) for 2017–2022 is guiding Tanzania’s health sector response in order to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Building on previous progress, the plan targets the UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals and emphasises the importance of expanded testing, treatment and prevention, particularly among key and vulnerable populations. The strategy promotes integrated, community-based services, improved data utilisation and sustainable resource mobilisation. HSHSP IV takes a high-impact, efficiency-driven approach to accelerate progress towards epidemic control and universal access to HIV services.