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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Cigarette Package Health Warnings: International Status Report

Canadian Cancer Society (2012)

3rd Edition

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Lesotho: National health strategic plan 2017-2022

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSS), Kingdom of Lesotho (2016) C2

NHSP 2017- 2022 (Final draft)

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Обзор прогресса -Борьба против табака в Европейском регионе ВОЗ в 2017 г.

Andrew Snell, Elizaveta Lebedeva World Health Organization (2017) C_WHO

В настоящем кратком докладе анализируются последние данные о распространенности употребления табака в Европейском регионе ВОЗ, взятые из доклада о глобальной та... more

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Sierra Leone: National Non-Communicable Diseases STRATEGIC PLAN 2013-2017

Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone (2013) C1

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Working together to promote health. WHO Tanzania Annual Report 2017

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Africa (2018) C_WHO

It provides insight into WHO’s work that aims to improve the health of the people of the United Republic of Tanzania in collaboration with key stakeholders.

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Курение табака через кальян и последствия для здоровья

World Health Organization World Health Organization (2015) C_WHO

информационный листок о курении табака через кальян и последствиях для здоровья

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A comprehensive review of the policy and programmatic response to chronic non-communicable disease in Ghana

Bosu, WK (2012) CC

Ghana Med J. 2012 Jun;46(2 Suppl):69-78.

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Глобальный опрос взрослого населения о потреблении табака (GATS)

World Health Organization, CDC, GTSS et al. World Health Organization, CDC, GTSS et al. (2009) C_WHO

Данный отчет явился результатом длительной работы российской команды GATS. В отчете «GATS 2009» представлена информация, необходимая для осуществления мониторинга пот�... more

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India: Five Years (2009-2014) Achievements & New Initiatives

National health Mission; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India (2014) C1

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National Health Promotion and Communication Strategy 2016-2020

Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia (2016) CC

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WHO Country Cooperation Strategy Kenya: medium-term support strategy 2014 - 2019

World Health Organization (WHO), Kenya Country Office (2014) C_WHO

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Findings and Recommendations from the Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries (NCDI) Commission of Ethiopia

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia -Ministry of Health (2018) C1

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Analysis of the nature and contribution of innovative health financing mechanisms in the WHO African Region

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Africa is off track to reach the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and lags behind in building resilient health systems and health security, against a backdrop of limited resources. The world envisaged a significant role for governments in funding the Sustainable Development Agenda, but inadeq... more

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WHO Country Cooperation Strategy 2008-2013 Sierra Leone

World Health Organization (2008) C_WHO

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Cambodia Country Cooperation Strategy

World Health Organisation (2014) C_WHO

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WORLD HEART REPORT 2023 CONFRONTING THE WORLD’S NUMBER ONE KILLER

Cesare, M.D.; Bixby, H.; Gaziano, T. et al. World Heart Federation (2023) CC

Global progress against cardiovascular disease (CVD) is flatlining. Though rates of CVD deaths globally have fallen in the last three decades, this trend has begun to stall and, without concerted efforts, is at risk of reversing.

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Rapport annuel OMS Madagascar 2017

Bureau régional de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour l’Afrique (OMS) (2018) C_WHO

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Germanys expanding role in global health

Ilona Kickbusch, Christian Franz, Anna Holzscheiter, Iris Hunger, Albrecht Jahn, Carsten Kö; hler, Oliver Razum, Jean-Olivier Schmidt Lancet 2017; 390: 898– 912 (2017) CC

Germany has become a visible actor in global health in the past 10 years. In this Series paper, we describe how this development complements a broad change in perspective in German foreign policy.

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India: health system review

Srivastava, Swati, Karan, Anup K., Bhan, Nandita, Mukhopadhya, Indranil. et al. .World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia (2022) C_WHO