The cardiovascular disease continuum begins with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM), progresses to vasculopathy and myocardial dysfunction, and finally ends with cardiovascular death. Diabetes is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk for heart failure (HF). Moreover, HF patients wit...h DM have a worse prognosis than those without DM. Diabetes can cause myocardial ischemia via micro- and macrovasculopathy and can directly exert deleterious effects on the myocardium. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance can cause alterations in vascular homeostasis. Then, reduced nitric oxide and increased reactive oxygen species levels favor inflammation leading to atherothrombotic progression and myocardial dysfunction. The classification, diagnosis, and treatment of HF for a patient with and without DM remain the same. Until now, drugs targeting neurohumoral and metabolic pathways improved mortality and morbidity in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Therefore, all HFrEF patients should receive guideline-directed medical therapy. By contrast, drugs modulating neurohumoral activity did not improve survival in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients. Trials investigating whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are effective in HFpEF are on-going. This review will summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of HF in diabetes.
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Orientations provisoires
9 août 2021
Le présent document vise à décrire un ensemble minimal d'activités de surveillance recommandées au niveau national pour détecter et surveiller la prévalence relative des variantes du SRAS-CoV-2 et à présenter un ensemble d'activités pour la caractér...isation et l'évaluation du risque que présentent ces variantes. k posés par ces variants. Un ensemble d'indicateurs est également fourni pour normaliser la surveillance et la déclaration publique de la circulation des variants.
Ce document est principalement destiné aux autorités de santé publique nationales et infranationales et aux partenaires qui soutiennent la mise en œuvre de la surveillance des variantes du SRAS-CoV-2.
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This paper looks at the status of tuberculosis (TB) advocacy
communication and social mobilization (ACSM) activities in selected
national TB control programmes in the WHO African Region. The
findings are from an assessment of TB ACSM activities in Ghana, Kenya,
Lesotho, Malawi and South Africa.
...
Disease control, issue 15
The African health monitor
Accessed November 2017
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This study emphasizes the contribution that women can play in the prevention of violent extremism within the family and society and analyzes the drivers and roles of women taking part in violent extremism and supporting violent and extremist groups.
UNDP Iraq is pleased to make this study and its r...ecommendations available to national and international partners and to all interested experts and researchers working in the field of preventing violent extremism to contribute to enriching the discussion and strengthening programmes to prevent violent extremism in the Arab region.
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Anaemia is a serious global public health problem that particularly affects young children, menstruating adolescent girls and women, and pregnant and postpartum women. It is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or the haemoglobin concentration within them is lower than normal, affectin...g the blood’s ability to carry oxygen to the body’s tissues.
To reliably monitor the prevalence of anaemia at a population level, it is vital to measure the haemoglobin concentration in an accurate and precise way. In large-scale surveys, however, haemoglobin is most commonly measured using single-drop capillary blood specimens in point-of-care devices. Emerging evidence suggests that the use of single-drop capillary blood can introduce random and/or systematic errors, which may lead to inaccurate estimates, complicating effective anaemia programming.
This technical brief describes the current best practices for haemoglobin measurement, providing guidance to help plan or implement field surveys to assess anaemia at a population level. Continuing work to review emerging evidence is led by members of the WHO-UNICEF Technical Expert Advisory group on nutrition Monitoring (TEAM).
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UNHCR’s Public Health Strategy 2021-2025 is based on the lessons learnt, and builds on the achievements, of the Global Strategy for Public Health 2014-2018.
Progress was made on policies favouring inclusion and integration into national systems3 with 92% of 48 operations surveyed reporting refuge...es having access to national primary health care facilities under the same conditions as nationals and 96% reporting refugees having access to all relevant vaccines under the same conditions as nationals. While many refugee hosting countries have policies that allow refugees to access national health services, many face partial access, prohibitive out-of-pocket expenditures and other barriers including distance to facilities, language and provider acceptance. Furthermore, more work is needed on strengthening these systems to be able to meet the needs of both host communities and refugees.
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The second edition of the Women and Trachoma: Achieving Gender Equity in the Implementation of SAFE manual provides an updated resource for realistically increasing, improving, and supporting gender representation within trachoma elimination efforts at all levels. From the trachoma workforce to the ...patients, from trichiasis surgeons to schoolteachers, and from national to international managers and coordinators, the manual breaks down the various levels of trachoma elimination programming to highlight the areas where women and girls can have a greater impact in elimination effort
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COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control Sameeksha (Hindi; review) compiles recent key IPC resources on COVID from scientific journals, WHO guidelines, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare /Government of India guidelines, and trainings and IPC resources. The intended target audience for this inclu...des clinical and public health professionals in both public and private sector in India.
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'Ethical Issues in Obstetrics and Gynecology' represents the results of carefully researched and considered discussion. The guidelines are intended to provide material for consideration and debate about ethical aspects of our discipline for member organisations and their constituent membership.
L'annuaire statistique a pour vocation entre autres, de fournir aux acteuers de terrain, décideurs et partenaires techniques et financiers un capital d'informations pour guider la prise de décision. Il est un référentiel en matière d'informations statistiques du pays. A ce titre, il vise à fou...rnir l'information sanitaire de qualité afin de situer le niveau de performance des strucutres sanitaires du pays.
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Joint data assessment by the Central Statistical Organization and UNDP
The report shows that the National Statistical System of Myanmar has some work ahead of it in terms of preparing for the monitoring of the SDG indicators. Only 44 of the SDG indicators are currently produced and readily avai...lable at the national level. However, the good news is that many (97) of the missing indicators can be computed from existing data sources – often with little effort - and don’t require any additional data collection. The report concludes that Myanmar is in a decent position to start monitoring the SDGs, and should start as soon as possible in putting its existing data to full use for the SDGs.
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3ieme edition
Les lignes directrices sont organisées autour de huit principes clés correspondant au déroulement du contrat d'un membre du personnel. Le diagramme ci-joint représente visuellement les principes. Chaque principe est accompagné d'indicateurs, de commentaires et d'études de cas de...stinés à aider le lecteur à mieux comprendre les concepts sur lesquels les principes sont fondés et la manière dont ils peuvent être mis en pratique. Les principes et les indicateurs sont destinés à s'appliquer au personnel international et national ainsi qu'au personnel de bureau et de terrain, en reconnaissant que des ajustements peuvent être nécessaires pour tenir compte des besoins et des caractéristiques uniques de chaque groupe et de l'organisation. Ils constituent un outil d'apprentissage, de réflexion et de planification plutôt qu'un ensemble de règles ou de solutions rigides applicables en toutes circonstances.
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Intégrer les activités communautaires de lutte contre la tuberculose dans le travail des ONG et des autres organisations de la société civile
Guide de l’animateur
The document titled "Manual for Stratifying Malaria Risk and the Elimination of Foci" by PAHO provides guidance for countries in the Americas on how to systematically assess and classify malaria transmission risk at subnational levels. It outlines a standardized approach to stratification and the id...entification of active transmission foci, helping public health authorities prioritize interventions, allocate resources efficiently, and implement targeted strategies to accelerate progress toward malaria elimination.
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In 2008 the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) commissioned a national health and social service system review which found that although some progress has been made in primary health care, provision of health services did not go beyond the health facilities, irrespective of the fast dist...ances between the Health facilities and community. The review then recommended that health services should be extended in a structured manner to communities through the establishment of paid health workers.
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The presentation titled "Malaria Capacity Building Initiative" outlines efforts led by the WHO and partner organizations to strengthen the skills and systems needed to fight malaria globally. It highlights the need for a coordinated, long-term strategy to build human resource capacity in malaria-end...emic countries—especially among national malaria control programs, frontline health workers, NGOs, and WHO staff. The document reviews past and current training activities, such as workshops on case management, entomology, vector control, epidemiology, and planning. It emphasizes the development of standardized training materials and competency frameworks, the role of national and regional training centers, and the use of blended learning methods (e.g., e-learning and in-person sessions). The goal is not just to deliver training, but to build sustainable capacity through partnerships, continuous improvement, quality assurance, and integration into health systems. It also calls for better coordination, tracking of trained personnel, and engagement of ministries of finance to ensure long-term support.
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Checklist to support the reopening of schools and preparation for resurgences of COVID-19 or similar public health crises.
O objetivo desta lista de verificação é reforçar a conformidade e a adesão às medidas de saúde pública delineadas no documento recentemente atualizado Considerations fo...r school-related public health measures in the context of COVID-19 [Considerações para medidas de saúde pública relacionadas a escolas no contexto da COVID-19], considerando-se principalmente as crianças menores de 18 anos em contextos educacionais e em escolas com recursos limitados. A lista de verificação foi elaborada de acordo com os princípios e as abordagens das escolas promotoras de saúde.7,8 Este documento destaca a importância da coordenação multinível (ou seja, nos níveis escolar, subnacional e nacional) e de abordagens participativas e cocriadas pelas várias partes interessadas (por exemplo, trabalhadores das escolas, professores, alunos e pais). Esta abordagem visa a otimizar o cumprimento das medidas sociais e de saúde pública baseadas nos contextos sociais e culturais, conforme descrito no documento Considerations for implementing and adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19 [Considerações para a implementação e ajuste de medidas sociais e de saúde pública no contexto da COVID-19].
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The modules (1-12) are based on materials originally developed by FIND, KNCV and Cepheid, and are in PowerPoint format for country customization. Depending on the audience, modules may be selected and adapted according to need (e.g. basic users, supervisors, clinicians). Topics covered include: Over...view of TB and diagnostics, biosafety, specimen collection, procurement, installation, Xpert MTB/RIF technology, results interpretation, reporting, troubleshooting, maintenance, a clinical guide, and quality assurance.
Please download each manual directliy from the website
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Salut materno infanto juvenil en cifras este nuevo boletín, elaborado a partir de
datos oficiales proporcionados por la Dirección de Estadísticas e Información en
Salud del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación (MSN) y el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC), refleja las cifras so...bre hechos vitales y morbilidad infanto-juvenil
en el territorio nacional. Constituye una fuente de información esencial que contiene indicadores significativos para medir el desarrollo social, la situación de la infancia y el sistema de salud del país.
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This regional advocacy strategy on HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and sexually transmitted infetions (STIs) is intended for use by Southern African Development Community (SADC) Member States at a national level. This is an overall advocacy strategy highlighting the most important issues relating to... HIV and AIDS, TB and STIs in the Southern African region. It provides a broad advocacy framework for each of the issues identied, along with key targets, messages, and interventions
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