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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Guide de prise en charge de l’infection à VIH chez l’enfant et l’adolescent

Sidaction, ID, agence francaise de Dévelopment (2013) CC

L’objectif de ce guide est de favoriser la prise en charge globale et de qualité des nourrissons exposés au VIH et des enfants infectés par le VIH par des équipes pluridisciplinaires, éventuellement non-spécialisées en pédiatrie.Le programme Grandir développe depuis huit ans des activité... more

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National Training on TB/HIV for Healthcare Workers Participant Manual for Health Workers

Ministry of Health, Tanzania (2015) C1

Accessed 25th March 2015

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Maternal and Neonatal Health Update. Training directory and reference guide. (Nepali Version).

Ministry of Health and Population, Health service Department. Government of Nepal (2010) C1

Maternal and Neonatal health update: by the Nepal government, Health and population ministry, Health protection unit, Family health department, created in 2010 (English) 2067 (Nepali). Compiled together by: UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA, NHSSP, Nepal medical college hospital and other government health departm... more

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Adolescent HIV Care and Treatment: A Training Curriculum for Health Workers (Zambia) Participant Manual

ICAP, et al. (2011) C1

The curriculum, which complements the national pediatric ART training, was finalized in 2011 and was subsequently implemented nationally. The training curriculum includes a 15-module Trainer Manual, a Participant Manual, and accompanying PowerPoint slides.

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Antimicrobial resistance in the Asia Pacific region: a development agenda

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health concern with economic, social and political implications that are global in scope, and cross all environmental and ethnic boundaries. As a global threat, AMR risks the achievements of modern medicine, and has the po... more

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Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
recommended

Chu, D.K.; E.A Akl, S. Duda, et al. (2020) CC

a systematic review and meta-analysis Derek K Chu et al. on behalf of the COVID-19 Systematic Urgent Review Group Effort (SURGE) study authors. Published: The Lancet June 01, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016S0140-6736(20)31142-9 'We did a systematic review of 172 observational studies in health-... more

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Special Focus: Update on SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Interest and Variants of Concern

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19, 28 September 2022

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HIV prevalence and determinants of loss-to- follow-up in adolescents and young adults with tuberculosis in Cape Town

P. Mulongeni; S. Hermans; J. Caldwell; et al. PLOS One (2019) CC

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210937 February 5, 2019

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Green spaces and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Rojas-Rueda, D.; M.J. Nieuwenhuijsen, M. Gascon; et al. (2019) CC

Lancet Planet Health 2019; 3: 469–77

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Efficacy and Safety of Pafuramidine versus Pentamidine Maleate for Treatment of First Stage Sleeping Sickness in a Randomized, Comparator-Controlled, International Phase 3 Clinical Trial

Pohlig G, Bernhard SC, Blum J, Burri C, Mpanya A, et al. PLOS Neclected Tropical Diseases (2016) CC

This was a Phase 3, multi-center, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, active control study where 273 male and female patients with first stage Trypanosoma brucei gambiense HAT were treated at six sites: one trypanosomiasis reference center in Angola, one hospital in South Sudan, and four hospita... more

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Still at risk: Restrictions endanger Rohingya women and girls in Bangladesh

Vigaud-Walsh, Francisca Refugees International (RI) (2018) C1

In April 2018, Refugees International (RI) conducted a mission to Bangladesh, to research the GBV (gender-based violence) response for Rohingya women and girls. RI found that the entire humanitarian system is struggling under tremendous constraints in Bangladesh, and protection and health actors do ... more

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Understanding and controlling asthma in Latin America: A review of recent research informed by the SCAALA programme

Cooper, P. J.; Figueiredo, C. A.; Rodriguez, A.; et al. (2023) CC2

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease (CRD) worldwide and is estimated to affect 262 million causing significant mortality and morbidity, and has emerged as an important public health problem in many Latin American (LA) countries over the last 30 or so years. LA is a highly diverse r... more

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Methods used by WHO to estimate the global burden of TB disease

P. Glaziou, C.Sismanidis, P. J. Dodd, et al. World Health Organization; University of Sheffield (2017) C_WHO

30 October 2017

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“We know about schistosomiasis but we know nothing about FGS”

Mazigo, H.; Sanson, A.; Lambert, V.; et al. (2021) CC

A qualitative assessment of knowledge gaps about female genital schistosomiasis among communities living in Schistosoma haematobium endemic districts of Zanzibar and Northwestern Tanzania. PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases September 30, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009789 Schistosoma... more

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UNICEF Cholera Toolkit
recommended

UNICEF (2017) CC

Large size: Download directly from the website: https://www.washcluster.net/sites/gwc.com/files/2022-01/Unicef_Cholera%20Toolkit_2013.pdf

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In Control: A Practical Handbook for Professionals Working in Health Emergencies Internationally RKI

Robert Koch Institut RKI (2023) CC

The greatest risk to persons engaging in international medical emergency response is poor preparation. The In Control handbook hopes to provide a remedy. At the time of writing, we are living through the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a health emergency that disregards physical borders, brin...gs into focus social inequalities and affects people on every continent. This shared challenge requires unprecedented measures and the collaboration of the brightest minds to support global health protection through this crisis and beyond. Healthcare infrastructures have to be strengthened, public health capacities and processes upgraded, medical countermeasures and vaccinations found and psychosocial side-effects treated. Solidarity is the normative order of the day and the human species has to collaborate to face this invisible threat. Hiding and living in fear is not an option in this interconnected world. We have both a responsibility and an opportunity to make substantial contributions to a safer, healthier and more sustainable future for us all. The existence of this handbook is an impressive example of solidarity. Over 50 authors from more than 15 institutes and organisations have come together voluntarily within a very short time to make their expertise available and enable cross-sectoral thinking. Knowledge is bundled, resources are combined, information gaps are filled. The In Control handbook is not a theoretical treatise of possible dangers, but a collection of subject-matter expertise, written by experts and practitioners who have shaped health topics over the past 20 years in the most diverse corners of the world. The Centre for International Health Protection at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) is collaborating with its partners and investing heavily in the build-up of operational know-how and capacity to support health crisis response abroad. This is done by preparing and enabling professionals to deploy safely across the world to assist those in need. In Control addresses the multi-faceted challenges of an international deployment. Readers will find not only technical medical information, but also insights into, for example, the fragility of our environment, the cultural differences that influence risk communication or the dilemmas arising from social distancing. Legal principles are highlighted, along with ethical guidance to ensure that our actions and decisions correspond to the highest moral standards. more

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Comparison of national antimicrobial treatment guidelines, African Union

Craig, J.; K. Hiban, I. Frost, et al. World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Bull World Health Organ 2022;100:50–59 | doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.21.286689

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FEEDcities project The food environment in cities in eastern Europe and central Asia – Turkmenistan

World Health OrganizationEurope (2019) C_WHO

This technical report presents results from the FEEDcities Project – eastern Europe and central Asia. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan in October 2016 to evaluate the local urban food environment. It characterized the vending sites, the food offered and the nutri... more

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The Republic of the Union of Myanmar health system review

Phone Myint; Than Tun Sein; Nilar Tin et al. World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) C_WHO

(Health Systems in Transition, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2014)

Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis recommended

UNICEF Cholera Toolkit recommended

Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
recommended

UNICEF Cholera Toolkit
recommended