SIGN 143. A national clinical guideline
Published May 2015, Revised 2018
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Scotland and worldwide, with an increasing prevalence. In 2009 there were around 228,000 people registered as having diabetes in Scotland, an increase of 3.6% from the preceding year. This increase relates, in part, to the increasing a...ge of the population, an increase in obesity and also perhaps to increasing survival of those with diabetes.
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                                                                This paper provides case studies of several food product improvement policies from across the WHO European Region. The aim is to share country experience, assess the various merits of the different approaches, discuss lessons learned, and provide guidance for best practice that may be more widely ap...plicable across the European Region.
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                                                                This manual presents a compelling case for action on carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) and describes the linkages between the prevention and control of CROs and the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). It describes how the eight recommendations contained within the World Health ...Organization (WHO) guidelines for the prevention and control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in health care facilities relate to general measures (that is, the core components of infection prevention and control [IPC] programmes) that need to be in place in all countries and health care facilities to prevent and control health care-associated infections (HAIs). The use of a stepwise approach is proposed to support implementation and improvement, based on the evidence and experience of what has worked in several health care settings worldwide. The focus is on adoptable and adaptable information.
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                                                                This quality standard covers prevention of falls and assessment after a fall in older people (aged 65 and over) who are living in the community or staying in hospital. It describes high-quality care in priority areas for improvement.
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The African Palliative Care Association  is pleased to publish the first edition of  Palliative Care Standards for Africa. The  development of these standards was achieved  through wide consultation with service  beneficiaries and providers, and they have  been developed to suit different levels of ... service delivery, from primary to tertiary.  These standards are underpinned by the  World Health Organization’s definition of  palliative care, and recognise that scaling  up palliative care requires a public health  approach with four pillars: policy, education,  drug availability and implementation. In  addition, the increasing need to establish  specific indicators of quality and effectiveness  for palliative care has been a big driving force  behind these comprehensive standards.  It is APCA’s wish that they will provide a  framework for the development of evaluation 
and performance indicators that can facilitate  programme improvement and development. The standards are designed to allow the  development or improvement of palliative  care across the different services levels,  within the organisational capacity of various  service providers. They describe a relationship  between primary, intermediary and tertiary  level service providers, with expectations for all  providers articulated through detailed criteria  for each standard. It is therefore expected that  these standards will influence the planning  and delivery of palliative care services at  all levels of health care service delivery.
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                                                                The present booklet is about gender-responsive substance abuse treatment services for women. It is part of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) project to develop tools to support the development and improvement of substance abuse treatment services, based on evidence from the litera...ture and case studies that illustrate practical experiences and lessons learned in providing substance abuse treatment services in various regions of the world.
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                                                                Building on our decades of commitment to human rights in medicine and healthcare, we have published a new report on emerging threats in health-related human rights both globally and in the UK.
'Health and human rights in the new world (dis)order' outlines a shifting rights landscape in which new ...technologies, environmental change and geopolitical reconfigurations are putting renewed and at times intense stress on human rights, both in medicine and healthcare more broadly.
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                                                                This report, written in partnership with various Royal Medical Colleges and Public Health England, sets out the essential actions to improve the physical health of adults with severe mental illness (SMI) across the NHS. The report makes practical recommendations for changes that will help adults wit...h SMI to receive the same standards of physical healthcare as the general population and reduce the risk of premature death.
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                                                                This NCEPOD report highlights the quality of mental health and physical health care for patients aged 18 years or older with a significant mental disorder who are admitted to a general hospital. The report takes a critical look at areas where the care of patients might have been improved. Remediable... factors have also been identified in the clinical and the organisational care of these patients.
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                                                                The biosphere underlies the whole sustainable development concept, as the layer on
which society and the economy rely. Nature and biodiversity fuel the natural cycles
and life-support systems of the planet, on which humanity ultimately depends.
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The report focuses on several key areas where health outcomes are falling short, and provides insight into ways in which countries can improve the situation for their children and adolescents. Areas in focus include mental health, overweight/obesity and adolescent risk-taking behaviour.
The report ...shows, for example, that:
-    mental health remains a neglected subject – only one quarter of countries are collecting data on the number of children treated by a mental health professional;
   - half of countries do not regulate the marketing of food to children, despite the fact that childhood obesity rates are high across the Region and physical activity rates are low;
  -  almost half of countries have no policy that affects the availability of unhealthy foods at school;
  -  2 in 5 girls and 1 in 3 boys who are having sex do not protect themselves; and
    one third of countries do not offer legal access to contraception without parental consent for those under 18 years of age.
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                                                                An information package for school staff
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The threat climate change poses to health, equity, and development has been rigorously documented. However, in an era marked by economic crisis, regional conflicts, natural disasters and growing disparities between rich and poor, the joint global actions required to address climate change have been ...vigorously debated – and critical decisions postponed.
This document, part of WHO’s Health in the Green Economy series, describes how many climate change measures can be “win-wins” for people and the planet.
These policies yield large, immediate public health benefits while reducing the upward trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions. Many of these policies can improve the health and equity of people in poor countries and assist developing countries in adapting to climate change that is already occurring, as evidenced by more extreme storms, flooding, drought and heatwaves.
WHO’s Department of Public Health and Environment launched the Health in the Green Economy initiative in 2010 to review potential health and equity “co-benefits” of proposed climate change measures – as well as relevant risks.
This review examines mitigation strategies discussed in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which constitutes the most broad-based global review of mitigation options by scientific experts.
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                                                                WHO's Health in the Green Economy sector briefings examine the health impacts of climate change mitigation strategies considered by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in their Fourth Assessment Report (Climate Change, 2007). Large, immediate health benefits from some climate change strate...gies are to be expected.
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                                                                BMJ Global Health 2022;7:e008007. doi:10.1136/ bmjgh-2021-00800
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                Lancet 2022; 399: 1155–200 Published Online March 15, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0140-6736(21)02488-0
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                Climate change presents significant challenges to human health and biodiversity. Increased numbers of extreme climate events, such as heat waves, droughts or flooding, threaten human health and well-being, both directly and indirectly, through impaired ecosystem functioning and reduced ecosystem ser...vices. In addition, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases is rising, causing ill health and accelerating costs to the health sector. Nature-based solutions, such as the provision and management of biodiversity, can facilitate human health and well-being, and mitigate the negative effects of climate change.
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