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The World Medcines situation 2011 Rational use of Medicines

World Health Organization WHO (2011) C_WHO

Millennium Development Goal 8E aims for affordable access to essential medicines. Essential medicines, as defined by WHO, are those that “satisfy the health-care needs of the majority of the population” and that should therefore “be available at all times in adequate amounts”. However, there... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Air pollution exposure—the (in)visible risk factor for respiratory diseases

Bălă, G.P.; Râjnoveanu, R.M.; Tudorache, E. et al. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021) CC

There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Nine of 10 individuals breathe air with polluted compounds that have a great impact on lung tissue. The nature of the relationship is complex, and new or updated data are... more

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National Disability Mainstreaming Strategy and Implementation Plan (NDMS&IP) 2018-2023

Department of Disability and elderly affairs Ministry of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Welfare (2019) CC

The NDMS&IP focuses on mainstreaming disability to promote equitable access to services in the six thematic areas of health, education, livelihoods, empowerment, and social inclusion and cross-cutting issues. The first part of the NDMS&IP outlines incongruences between national and sectoral policie... more

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Recommendations for Establishing a National Maternal Near-miss Surveillance System in Latin America and the Caribbean

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2022) C_WHO

Maternal mortality has fallen significantly in recent years, especially in countries that have emphasized the prevention of its main causes, such as hemorrhagic and infectious complications and hypertension , including in the Region of the Americas. In its final report on the Plan of Action to Accel... more

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The Burden of Pediatric Asthma

Ferrante, G.; La Grutta, S. Frontiers in Pediatrics (2018) CC

Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, imposing a consistent burden on health system. In recent years, prevalence of asthma symptoms became globally increased in children and adolescents, particularly in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Host (genetics, atopy) and environmental fa... more

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CVD and the Development Agenda: Advocacy Toolkit

World Heart Federation (2017) CC

Global Development: Where Are We Now? Today, we are facing a vital opportunity to change the profile of cardiovascular disease around the world. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are due to expire at the end of 2015, placing the cardiovascular health community in a unique position to shape t... more

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Influencing food environments for healthy diets

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Food environments are usually defined as the settings with all the different types of food made available and accessible to people as they go about their daily lives. That is, the range of food in supermarkets, small retail outlets, wet markets, street food stalls, coffee shops, tea houses, s...chool canteens, restaurants, and all the other venues where people buy and eat food. These environments differ enormously depending on the context. They can be extensive and diverse, with a seemingly endless array of options and price ranges, or they can be sparse, with very few options on offer. Because they determine what food consumers can access at a given moment in time, at what price, and with what degree of convenience, food environments both constrain and prompt the consumer’s choice.Food environments are influenced by the food systems which supply them, and vice versa. Food systems encompass the entire range of activities, people and institutions involved in the production, processing, marketing, consumption and disposal of food (FAO, 2013). They include but are not limited to food supply chains. Making food systems nutrition-sensitive can contribute to addressing all forms of malnutrition, as food systems determine whether the food needed for good nutrition are available, affordable, acceptable and of adequate quantity and quality. How closely food systems and food environments are interrelated and interdependent, and the degree to which external factors affect nutrition outcomes, varies from setting to setting.Many of today’s food systems and food environments are challenged in supporting consumer choices that are consistent with healthy diets and good nutrition. Consumers are not making choices based on nutrition and health, and poor diet is now the number one risk factor for death and disability worldwide (GBD, 2015). Food systems that do not enable healthy diets are increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of malnutrition (GLOPAN, 2016), and malnutrition, irrespective of form, has a huge cost. Economic costs associated with undernutrition are estimated at $1-2 trillion per year, about 2-3% of global GDP (FAO, 2013); the global economic cost of obesity and associated diet-related non-communicable diseases is estimated at $2 trillion per year, about 2.8% of global GDP (McKinsey, 2014). Influencing food environments for promoting healthy diets is an emerging strategy to address today’s nutrition challenges. more

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Secondhand Smoke infographics - Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2015) CC2

Secondhand smoke and the harmful chemicals in it are known causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, ear infections.and asthma attacks in infants and children. They are also known causes of HEART DISEASE,stroke, and lung cancer in adult nonsmokers.

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Quality Assessment Guidebook: A guide to assessing health services for adolescent clients.

World Health Organization (WHO) (2009) C_WHO

Over the past few decades and throughout the world, the landscape of adolescent health has been altered dramatically. Currently, the total population of adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 years is 1.2 billion – the largest generation of young people in history. The vast majority of adolesce... more

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General Clinic Infection Control QA/QI Checklist

Family Health International FHI (2007)

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Quality of care in contraceptive information and services, based on human rights standards: A checklist for health care providers

Rajat Khosla, Moazzam Ali and Jane Cottingham World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

This checklist covers five areas of competence needed by health care providers to provide quality of care in contraceptive information and services including: respecting users’ privacy and guaranteeing contfidentiality, choice, accessible and acceptable services, involvement of users in improving ... more

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Avoid air pollution - Avoid Asthma

Achieving control of asthma in children in africa - acacia (2022) CC2

Pollution (dirty air) is a big trigger for asthma as it makes it difficult to breathe and affects the health of humans, animals, and plants. Avoiding pollution helps prevent asthma symptoms!

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Zambia: National Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan 2017-2021

National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Zambia (2017) C2

Moving from accelerated burden reduction to malaria elimination in Zambia

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Malaria diagnostics technology and market landscape. 3rd edition
recommended

UNITAID World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

4th edition

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Conditions for use of long-lasting insecticidal nets treated with a pyrethroid and piperonyl butoxide

World Health Organization WHO (2015)

Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) treated with a pyrethroid insecticide and the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) have become available. Two of these nets (Olyset®Plus and PermaNet®3.0) have a WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) interim recommendation as LLINs

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Secondhand smoke can infiltrate into other units through hallways and stairwell

Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2016) CC2

Secondhand smoke can infiltrate into other units through hallways and stairwells. Don’t be shy when it comes to your health. Talk to your building manager about making your apartment smokefree.