Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), considered one of the most important parasitic infections in Latin America. Between 25 and 90 million humans are at infection risk via at least one of multiple infection mechanisms. Under natural conditions, the principal transmissio...n modes are transplacental or via one of more than 140 hematophagous triatomine bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae). Triatomines acquire the parasite from mammal reservoirs due to their obligate blood-feeding (albeit triatomines can also feed on non-reservoir vertebrates such as birds and reptiles). The disease burden for CD in the Latin America and Caribbean region, based on disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), is at least five times greater than that of malaria, and is approximately one-fifth that of HIV/AIDS. In recent decades, CD has extended to other continents outside natural reservoir or vector distributions due to human migration, with a minimum estimated 10 million individuals infected worldwide.
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Background: Comparable estimates of health spending are crucial for the assessment of health systems and to optimally deploy health resources. The methods used to track health spending continue to evolve, but little is known about the distribution of spending across diseases. We developed improved e...stimates of health spending by source, including development assistance for health, and, for the first time, estimated HIV/AIDS spending on prevention and treatment and by source of funding, for 188 countries.
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Diphtherie gibt es auf der ganzen Welt. Früher starben bei Ausbrüchen dieser Infektionskrankheit viele Tausende Menschen, besonders Kinder. Weil die meisten Kinder in Europa geimpft sind, ist die Diphtherie hier seit den 1960er Jahren stark zurückgegangen. In Deutschland gab es lange Zeit nur noc...h Einzelfälle.
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We combine data on Chinese development projects with data from Demographic and Health Surveys to study the impact of Chinese aid on household welfare in sub-Saharan Africa. We use a novel methodology to test the effect of Chinese aid on three important development outcomes: education, health, and nu...trition. For each outcome, we use difference-in-difference estimations to compare household areas near Chinese project sites to control areas located farther away, before and after receiving Chinese aid. This empirical strategy rules out many confounding factors that can bias measuring the impact of Chinese aid on our outcome variables. First, we find that Chinese projects significantly improve education and child mortality in treatment areas, but do not significantly affect nutrition. Second, social sector projects have a larger effect on outcomes than economic projects. Third, we do not find significant effects for projects that ended more than five years before the post-treatment survey wave. Our results are robust to a host of robustness checks.
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Glob Health Sci Pract February 1, 2014 vol. 2 no. 1 p. 103-116
IBOGA Review No.1 Revue Scientifique du Jésuites d'Afrique de l'Ouest
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jun; 15(6): 1279.
Published online 2018 Jun 16. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15061279
Verhaltenstipps, Arbeitsrecht und Reisebestimmungen auf einen Blick. Die Informationen werden laufend erweitert und aktualisiert und sind in folgenden Sprachen verfügbar
| English/Englisch | Türkçe/Türkisch | Polski/Polnisch | Français/Französisch | Italiano/Italienisch |
| ελληνικ...ά/Griechisch | Hrvatski/Kroatisch | Română/Rumänisch | Български/Bulgarisch | | Magyar/Ungarisch | دری /Dari - فارسی /Farsi | 中文语言/Chinesisch | Español / Spanisch | | عربي/Arabisch | Tiếng Việt/Vietnamesisch | Shqip / Albanisch | Русский / Russisch | | ትግርኛ / Tigrinja | Česky / Tschechisch |
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Many features of the environment have been found to exert an important influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, progression, and severity. Changes in the environment due to migration to different geographic locations, modifications in lifestyle choices, and shifts in social policies and cultu...ral practices alter CVD risk, even in the absence of genetic changes. Nevertheless, the cumulative impact of the environment on CVD risk has been difficult to assess
and the mechanisms by which some environment factors influence CVD remain obscure. Human environments are complex; and their natural, social and personal domains are highly variable due to diversity in human ecosystems, evolutionary histories, social structures, and individual choices. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that ecological features such as the diurnal cycles of
light and day, sunlight exposure, seasons, and geographic characteristics of the natural environment such altitude, latitude and greenspaces are important determinants of cardiovascular health and CVD risk. In highly developed societies, the influence of the natural environment is moderated by the physical characteristics of the social environments such as the built environment
and pollution, as well as by socioeconomic status and social networks. These attributes of the
social environment shape lifestyle choices that significantly modify CVD risk. An understanding
of how different domains of the environment, individually and collectively, affect CVD risk could
lead to a better appraisal of CVD, and aid in the development of new preventive and therapeutic
strategies to limit the increasingly high global burden of heart disease and stroke.
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Stand:
Neugefasst durch Bek. v. 5.8.1997 I 2022;
Zuletzt geändert durch Art. 3 G v. 23.12.2014 I 2439.
Zum Thema Gesundheit siehe insbesondere §4 Leistungen und §6 Sonstige Leistungen!
Non-Wood Forest Products 11
Traditional medicine and its use of medicinal plants is dependent on reliable supply of plant materials. The book focuses on the interface between medicinal plant use and conservation of medicinal plants.
Alle Geflüchtete haben das Recht auf eine menschenwürdige Unterbringung und Schutz vor Gewalt. Bund und Länder sind dazu verpflichtet, einen angemessenen und wirksamen Schutz sicherzustellen. Für traumatisierte und besonders vulnerable Geflüchtete ist dies umso wichtiger. In den Unterkünften b...raucht es daher sowohl ein Schutzkonzept vor Gewalt, als auch konkrete Leitlinien für die Mitarbeiter*innen, welche verdeutlichen, wie diese umzusetzen sind. Außerdem wurde der Praxisleitfaden zum „Traumasensiblen und empowernden Umgang mit Geflüchteten“ erstellt, der nicht nur für die Gewaltschutzkoordination bei der Umsetzung der Mindeststandards in den Unterkünften hilfreich ist, sondern auch für andere ehren- oder hauptamtlich arbeitende Personen Informationen und Handlungsvorschläge zu den Bereichen Trauma und Flucht bietet.
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Das deutsche Gesundheitssystem zählt immer noch zu den besten auf der Welt – nicht aber zu den am einfachsten verständlichen. Nicht nur für Menschen, die gerade erst nach Deutschland gekommen sind oder noch nicht lange hier leben, ist es oft schwer zu überblicken, wie genau es funktioniert und... wie man sich darin am besten zurechtfindet.
Schon die Frage, ob und wie man sich krankenversichern kann, ist schwierig zu beantworten. An wen kann man sich wenden, wenn man selbst oder ein Familienmitglied krank ist? Geht man zürst zu einem Arzt oder lieber direkt ins Krankenhaus? Und wenn zum Arzt, zu welchem eigentlich? Warum ist Gesundheitsvorsorge so wichtig und welche Vorsorge- und Früherkennungsuntersuchungen sind sinnvoll und sollten unbedingt wahrgenommen werden? Auf welche Unterstützungsleistungen der Pflegeversicherung besteht ein Anspruch?
Also available in Arabic, English, French, Italian, Turkish, Russian, Kurdish, Pashto, Farsi, Polish, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Spanish : https://www.wegweiser-gesundheitswesen-deutschland.de/download
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Spirituality involves a sense of connectedness, meaning making and transcendence. There is abundant published research that focuses on the importance of spirituality to patients and their families during times of illness and distress. However over the last decade there has also been a growing awaren...ess about the importance of considering the need to address peoples’ spiritual needs in the workplace. Engaging in ones own personal spirituality involves connecting with the inner self, becoming more self aware of ones humanity and limitations. Engaging with ones personal spirituality can also mean that people begin to greater find meaning and purpose in life and at work. This may be demonstrated in the workplace by collegial relationships and teamwork. Those who engage with their own spirituality also engage more easily with others through a connectedness with other staff and by aligning their values with the respective organization if they fit well with ones personal values.
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The “Wuppertal Call” – Contributions and Recommendations from an
International Conference on Eco-Theology and Ethics of Sustainability
Wuppertal, Germany, 16 – 19 June 2019
To provide information on trends on official development assistance (ODA) disbursement patterns for
reproductive health activities in 18 conflict-affected countries
Examining the needs of at‐risk youth in the Middle East and North Africa: A multi‐method landscape analysis and systematic literature review
District Level M & E Training and Reference Material for Primary Health Care Programmes