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Revised COVID-19 Testing Strategy
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) CC

Second edition. June 2022. This revised guidance recommends that access to COVID-19 testing is decentralized as far as possible and made available at health facilities, and through the use of self tests to enable access to care and the mitigation of transmission. Testing should be prioritized for hi... more

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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde...d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

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HIV Testing Services Strategy 2017-2020

Zimbabwe, Ministry of Health and Child Care (2017) C1

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National hiv testing services communication strategy 2015 - 2019

National AIDS STI Control Programme (NASCOP), Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya (2015) C1

Strategic communication is used to raise awareness of issues among specific target populations. It aims to provide timely, evidence-based, authoritative information and guidance needed for public health action. Proper implementation of strategic communication leads t... more

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HIV self-testing strategic framework - A guide for planning, introducing and scaling up

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) C_WHO

October 2018 HIV testing services

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Considerations for adoption and use of multidisease testing devices in integrated laboratory networks

World Health Organization (2017) C_WHO

Information note.
This information note provides a strategic overview of key implementation considerations for diagnostic integration using these devices, and is primarily intended for use by national laboratory services and TB, HIV, and hepatitis programme managers.
It may also be of inte... more

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HIV Viral load testing operational guide. 60 Lessons learned from the OPP-ERA Project

OPP-ERA, et al. Solthis, et al. (2019) C1

The Guide to operationalize HIV viral load testing HIV presents 60 lessons learnt from the project in a systemic approach including: viral load strategy, laboratories, procurement and supply management, patient care and economy.

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Guidance on pooled testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) C1

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the use of pooled sample testing strategy in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing laboratories of the African Union Member States for scaling up SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing capacity with the available resources. The current document descr... more

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National Strategic Plan on HIV and AIDS Myanmar 2016-2020

Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports (2017) C1

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar’s National Strategic Plan on HIV/AIDS 2016–2020 is the strategic guide for the country’s response to HIV at national, state/regional and local levels. The framework describes the current dynamics of the HIV epidemic and articulates a strategy to optimize in... more

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WHO strategic action and resource requirements to end the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic 2021

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

WHO has a unique combination of technical public health and scientific expertise, and a global operational footprint, with field offices in more than 150 countries. In 2020, this global, technical, and operational reach meant WHO was able to support countries around the world in every aspect of COVI... more

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WHO manual for organizing a national external quality assessment programme for health laboratories and other testing sites

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO

This manual describes some of the strategic, managerial, financial, technical and scientific aspects to be considered in establishing a national EQA programme for clinical laboratories and other testing services at all health care levels

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WHO manual for HIV drug resistance testing using dried blood spot specimens

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) genotyping is an essential component of the WHO global HIVDR surveillance strategy. Plasma “gold standard” specimen type for HIVDR genotyping, but its use may not be feasible in rural, remote areas in low- and middle-income countries, since preparing and storing it ... more

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New HIV testing technologies in the context of a concentrated epidemic and evolving HIV prevention (Yangon)

Wirtz, Andrea L.; Clouse, Emily; Veronese, Vanessa et al. (2017) CC

Journal of the International AIDS Society, Volume 20, Issue 1 (2017)21796
Qualitative research on HIV self testing among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Yangon, Mynamar.
Global effort to increase early diagnosis and engagement in HIV care emphasize the importance ... more

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Assessment of HIV testing services and antiretroviral therapy service disruptions in the context of COVID-19: lessons learned and way forward in sub-Saharan Africa

Maman, D.; et al., World Health Organization WHO (2021) CC

The COVID-19 pandemic arrived in an evolving epidemiological context where some countries are experiencing a progressive decrease in HIV positivity in their testing programme as they are moving closer to the first 95 target. Distinguishing changes in HIV testing services due to the COVID-19 pandemic... more

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Consolidated guidelines on person-centred HIV strategic information: strengthening routine data for impact: web annex H: HIV care and treatment patient card

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The updated guidelines present a standard minimum dataset, priority indicators and recommendations to strengthen data use across HIV prevention, testing and treatment, and linkages to services for sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and cervical cancer. The guidelines also... more

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Consolidated guidelines on person-centred HIV strategic information: strengthening routine data for impact

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

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Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

These consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services (HTS) bring together existing and new guidance on HTS across different settings and populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) first released consolidated guidelines on HTS in 2015, in response to requests from Member States, national pr... more

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Use of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 self-testing

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

9 March 2022, Timely and accurate diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 is an essential part of a comprehensive COVID-19 response strategy. Ag-RDTs can be performed by individuals in which they collect their own specimen, perform a simple rapid test and interpret their test result themselves at a time a... more

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Preventing HIV misdiagnosis: implementation guide

World Health Organization WHO (2024) CC

HIV testing programmes need to ensure that all clients who test for HIV are provided with correct diagnoses. The accuracy of HIV testing is critical to prevent misdiagnosis, as the consequences of giving an incorrect test result can be serious for clients, HIV testing services, HIV programmes and pu... more

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Operational guidance on the use of yellow fever assays in the context of surveillance

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

This publication aims to provide updated guidance on the specific use of yellow fever laboratory assays in the context of surveillance to be used across the Global Yellow Fever Laboratory Network for disease surveillance. In the recent years, new commercial assays became available and are now recomm... more

Revised COVID-19 Testing Strategy recommended

Guidance on pooled testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recommended

Revised COVID-19 Testing Strategy
recommended

Guidance on pooled testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
recommended