Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data
We investigate whether and to what extent Chinese development finance affects infant mortality, combining 92 demographic and health surveys (DHS) for a maximum of 53 countries and almost 55,000 sub-national locations over the 2002-2014 period. We address causality by instrumenting aid with a set of ...interacted variables. Variation over
time results from indicators that measure the availability of funding in a given year. Cross-sectional variation results from a sub-national region’s “probability to receive aid.” Controlled for this probability in tandem with fixed effects for country-years and provinces, the interactions of these variables form powerful and excludable instruments. Our results show that Chinese aid increases infant mortality at sub-national scales, but decreases mortality at the countrylevel. In several tests, we show that this stark contrast likely results from aid being fungible within recipient countries.
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This publication uses graphics to explain the importance of development cooperation in general and for health in particular. Financial contributions in the context of development cooperation have proven to be indispensable, effective, affordable and responsible in recent decades.
ith a view to support the monitoring and reporting on the denial of humanitarian access against children, the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict and UNICEF publish today* a guidance note offering new tools to practitioners to better address ...this violation of children's rights in conflict situations. The Denial of Humanitarian Access (DHA) is one of six grave violations against children monitored by the United Nations in the framework of its Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC
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The document outlines essential steps and provides guidance to countries on the adoption and deployment of c-IPTp so that it is integrated into the existing health system. It draws upon best practices and lessons learned from pilot implementation experiences in eight African countries and targets st...akeholders at the national level that are involved in the provision of maternal and child services, including national and local policymakers and implementers of malaria, maternal health, child health, reproductive health and community health programmes, and nongovernmental and other organizations.
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WHO recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies for treating uncomplicated malaria, alongside studies to monitor treatment effectiveness. Given the threat of antimalarial resistance, including partial resistance in several African countries, molecular tools are vital for tracking resistance. ...In 2015, WHO launched the External Quality Assessment scheme for nucleic acid amplification testing to ensure reliable lab results. Coordinated by WHO and operated by the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service for Parasitology, the scheme provides quality-controlled specimens and reports to help improve testing accuracy. Experts recently discussed expanding the scheme to include antimalarial resistance markers.
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This study, conducted by Tudu et al. (2020), explores the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with concurrent malaria and HIV infection, a combination that is relatively understudied in India. The research was carried out at the Department of Medicine, VIMSAR, Odisha, over a one-year p...eriod and included patients who presented with fever lasting up to seven days. Out of 340 patients diagnosed with malaria, 52 (15.29%) were found to also be HIV-positive.
The patients were divided into three groups: Group A with malaria and HIV co-infection, Group B with HIV mono-infection, and Group C with malaria mono-infection. The clinical presentation in co-infected patients resembled that of HIV more closely than malaria. Common symptoms in the co-infected group included fever (82.7%), vomiting (72.3%), anemia (72.3%), headache (65.4%), and aspiration pneumonia (57.7%). Laboratory findings revealed that a significant number of co-infected patients had hemoglobin levels below 7 g/dL and CD4 cell counts under 200 cells/μL, indicating advanced immunosuppression.
All patients received antimalarial treatment with injectable artesunate and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite appropriate treatment, the outcome for co-infected patients was comparatively worse: while 48 out of 52 recovered, 6 patients died, mainly due to complications such as anemia, acute kidney injury, and aspiration pneumonia.
In conclusion, the study highlights that although malaria-HIV co-infection is not highly prevalent, it is associated with severe clinical outcomes. Routine screening for both infections in febrile patients is recommended to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
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4th edition, Reference Manual
2nd edition. The purpose of this document is to present updated standardized protocols that P. falciparum-endemic countries can use to determine the prevalence of parasites with pfhrp2/3 gene deletions causing negative HRP2 RDT results among symptomatic falciparum patients. The findings should be us...ed to guide RDT selection; more specifically when to shift away from exclusive use of HRP2 to detect P. falciparum infections.
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The aim of this protocol is to support the conduct of entomological comparative efficacy assessments for vector control products and the associated non-inferiority analysis. This evidence is used to inform discussions within the guidelines development context as to whether a new vector control prod...uct should be considered as covered by one or more existing WHO recommendations or not. Alternatively, the evidence may inform the extension of an existing WHO recommendation or the development of a new one, provided that non-inferiority is demonstrated
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Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) (sometimes known as radiation
toxicity or radiation sickness) is an acute illness caused by
irradiation of the entire body (or most of the body) by a high dose
of penetrating radiation in a very short period of time (usually ... a
matter of minutes). The major cause of this syndrome is depletion
of immature parenchymal stem cells in specific tissues. Examples of
people who suffered from ARS are the survivors of the Hiroshima
and Nagasaki atomic bombs, the firefighters that first responded
after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant event in 1986, and some
unintentional exposures to sterilization irradiators.
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Keep Safe – Keep Serving; Liberia: Updated Sept 25 2014.
This document is intended to inform infection prevention and control practices and supply needs in healthcare facilities. As the Ebola outbreak evolves, the document will need to be adapted accordingly.
The guidance provides considerations... for establishing Ebola Care Centres. Because needs and resources may vary in different settings, these recommendations should be adapted to the situation in each county
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From Exclusion to Inclusion
The purpose of this document is to provide interim recommendations to guide breastfeeding practices in the context of Zika virus. A systematic review of evidence will be conducted in March 2016 to revise and update these recommendations. Also available in arabic and chinese. Please download directly... from the website.
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In 2016 CRS leveraged the robust infrastructure of its large, multi-sectoral orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) program in Nigeria by expanding the program's core mandate to include community childhood TB casefinding, with a focus on highly vulnerable children and their caregivers
Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2012 May-Aug; 2(2): 82–97.
doi: 10.4103/2229-5151.97273
PMCID: PMC3401822
PMID: 22837896