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The document “Guidelines for Writing Outbreak Investigation Reports” by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control provides practical guidance on how to prepare clear, structured, and scientifically sound reports after investigating
...
a disease outbreak. It is mainly intended for epidemiologists and public health professionals, particularly participants in the ECDC Fellowship Programme. The guide explains the purpose of outbreak investigation reports and describes the recommended structure and content of such reports, including sections such as background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions. It also outlines how to present epidemiological, laboratory, and environmental findings, interpret the results, and formulate public health recommendations. Overall, the document aims to standardize outbreak reporting, improve the quality and clarity of reports, and ensure that investigation findings can effectively support public health decision-making and future outbreak prevention.
more
Mettre fin au choléra- Feuille de route mondiale pour 2030 rend opérationnelle la nouvelle stratégie mondiale de lutte contre le choléra au niveau des pays et fournit une voie concrète vers un monde où le choléra ne représente plus une menace pour la santé publique. En mettant en œuvre la
...
stratégie d’ici à 2030, les partenaires du Groupe spécial mondial de lutte contre le choléra (GTFCC) aideront les pays à réduire de 90 % les décès dus au choléra. Avec l’engagement des pays touchés par le choléra, des partenaires techniques et des donateurs, pas moins de 20 pays pourraient éliminer la transmission de la maladie d’ici 2030.
more
Le choléra reste une menace mondiale pour la santé publique et un indicateur clé du
manque de développement social. La transmission du choléra est étroitement liée à
l’accès insuffisant à l’eau potable et à l’assainissement. Les zones typiques à risque sont
notamment les bido
...
nvilles périurbains et les zones rurales où les infrastructures de base
ne sont pas disponibles, ainsi que les camps de personnes déplacées ou de réfugiés où
les conditions de vie et l’accès à l’eau et aux systèmes d’assainissement sont insuffisants.
En 2015, plus de 170 000 cas et 1 300 décès (TL : 0,8 %) ont été signalés à l’OMS dans
42 pays, dont 41 % en Afrique 37 % en Asie et 21 % en Haïti. C
more
Surveillance Report
Currently, Mauritius and Seychelles have 85 and 82 percent vaccination rates, respectively, surpassing the 70 percent target set by the WHO in 2021. Countries that have attained vaccination rates of between 50 and 70 percent include Liberia
at 67 percent, Rwanda at 66 percent, Morocco at 62 percent
...
, and Tunisia at 53 percent. Meanwhile, about 25.3 percent of the continent's population is fully vaccinated.
Africa has registered over 12 million COVID-19 cases since the beginning of the pandemic. The following countries have recorded the highest number of cases: Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, and Tunisia
more
Rabies is a virus (Lyssavirus) that infects cells in the central nervous
system, causing disease in the brain and, ultimately, death. Any animal
with rabies has the ability to transmit the disease to humans or other
animals.
There is no cure for rabies, but it is 100 percent preventable through
...
prompt, appropriate medical care.
more
Rabies is transmitted when saliva or neural tissue of an infected animal is introduced into the body. Exposure can occur through a bite, scratch, or contact with saliva to broken skin or mucous membranes such as the eyes or mouth, BUT rabies is preventable! Vaccinations for your pets and livestock a
...
re key. To report an animal bite or incident between 8:30 AM - 5:00 PM, choose your county's office from the map on the EA Regional Office page and contact them for assistance. On nights, weekends, or holidays, call 1-888-847-0902.
more
There is no cure for rabies, but it is 100 percent preventable through prompt, appropriate medical care. Every year hundreds of South Carolinians must undergo preventive treatment for rabies due to exposure to a rabid or suspected rabid animal. Although the cost varies, post-exposure treatment typic
...
ally exceeds $8,000 per person.
more
From February 22-23, 2023, the Wellcome Trust and the Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) brought together researchers, decision makers, and public health implementers to participate in a virtual workshop focused on cholera and climate. Day
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1 involved a technical workshop to identify key research themes as well as the challenges, gaps, and opportunities in using climate information for cholera decision making. Day 2 was an open forum focused on information-sharing and updates from countries and partners, including a call for stronger research and data on the connection between climate and cholera.
The overarching discussion outlined the complex relationship between climate and cholera. Materials from the event – including a recording of the Day 2 open forum, key findings/messages, and a final event report – can be accessed below
more
Cholera remains an issue of major public health importance in Kenya. Kenya has in recent years experienced outbreaks affecting different parts of the country
To better adapt current case management practices and address excess mortality in otherwise treatable
cases will require better knowledge of the demographic characteristics of the patients and comorbidities
which can make severe dehydration harder to tolerate physiologically. With this in mind, a
...
scoping review
was undertaken, to explore the literature and summarise the existing evidence on cholera mortality and
reported risk factors.
more
The monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade I epidemic that has been affecting the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(DRC) since November 2023 has recently spread to several other African countries including Burundi, Rwanda,
Uganda and Kenya. The size of these outbreaks could be larger than reported due to un
...
der-ascertainment and
under-reporting.
more
This threat assessment addresses the implications of the ongoing Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in
Rwanda for the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). MVD is a severe disease in humans and,
although uncommon, it has the potential to cause epidemics with significant case fatality.
...
All recorded MVD
outbreaks to date have originated in Africa. MVD is not an airborne disease and is considered not to be
contagious before symptoms appear. Direct contact with the blood and other body fluids of infected people
and animals or indirect contact with contaminated surfaces and materials like clothing, bedding and medical
equipment is required for transmission. The risk of infection is minimised when proper infection prevention and
control precautions are strictly followed. There is no approved treatment or vaccine for MVD; however, several
pharmaceuticals and candidate MVD vaccines are under investigation.
more
Marburg virus disease (MVD), formerly known as Marburg haemorrhagic fever, is a severe disease in humans caused by Marburg marburgvirus (MARV). Although MVD is uncommon, MARV has the potential to cause epidemics with significant case fatality rates.
Preparedness planning is essential in order to respond effectively to outbreaks, including single case occurrences of highconsequence infectious diseases (HCID), such as the importation of a viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) case
Regional and global cholera surveillance is the continuous compilation of data from affected countries, analysis and interpretation at the regional and global levels, and prompt dissemination of findings for public health action.
A GTFCC course on sample collection and testing with rapid diagnostic tests (or RDTs) for cholera, for healthcare workers.
Mass population movements have accounted for the emergence of Chagas disease (CD) outside endemic regions,
including the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). The parasite responsible for causing CD,
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), can be transmitted through substances of human origin (SoH
...
O), such as blood
transfusions and organ transplantations [1], posing a risk to the recipients. This, together with congenital
transmission, is of increasing concern in non-endemic countries
more
The ECDC's Cholera Monthly Surveillance page provides up-to-date data on cholera cases reported in Europe and globally. It monitors outbreaks, tracks trends, and analyzes the spread of the disease to support public health responses. The page includes interactive maps, statistics, and reports to help
...
policymakers, researchers, and healthcare professionals understand cholera’s epidemiology and implement preventive measures.
more
Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes to humans. The word ‘chikungunya’ means 'that which bends up', an allusion to the posture of the suffering patients. The most common clinical form associates fever, arthralgia and rash. Recovery is the usual outcome but chronic arthr
...
itis is not rare. Diagnostic tests are available but there is no antiviral treatment. The disease is notifiable at EU level.
more
