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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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2020 Heart Failure Society of South Africa perspective on the 2016 European Society of Cardiology Chronic Heart Failure Guidelines

Hitzeroth, J.; Mpe, M.; Klug, E. et al. The South African Medical Journal (2020) CC

Heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a condition frequently encountered by healthcare professionals and, in order to achieve the best outcomes for patients, needs to be managed optimally. This guideline document is based on the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the t... more

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Guidelines for Workplace TB Control Activities

Benjamin O Alli [et al.] World Health Organisation, International Labour Organization (2003) C_WHO

This World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) joint guidelines production aims at harnessing the contribution of employers and workers towards the control of TB. It covers all the practical steps involved in establishing TB control activities, including (for la... more

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Guidelines on Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB (PMDT) in India

Central TB Division, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Nirman Bhavan (2012) CC

Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme

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National Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria, South Africa 2019

National Department of Health, South Africa (2019) C1

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Philippines: Manual of Procedures of the National Tuberculosis Control Program 5th Edition
recommended

Department of Health (DOH) (2014) C1

External Link

Cervical cancer in Zimbabwe: a situation analysis
recommended

Oppah Kuguyo, A. Matimba, Nomsa Tsika, et al. African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET) (2017) CC

Pan African Medical Journal 2017;27:215. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.215.12994

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WHO recommendations on adolescent health: guidelines approved by the WHO Guidelines Review Committee

World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

This document is meant to respond to the questions:
■ What health interventions should the adolescent receive and when should s/he receive it?
■ What health behaviours should the adolescent practise (or not practise)?

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Zoonotic diseases of public health importance

National Institue of communicable Diseases, India (1998) C1

External Link

WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) CC

Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and South America. It is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) - a group of diseases and conditions that affect particularly low-income populations, worldwide. Last year, WHO laun... more

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Facts About Cancer in Uganda

Ministry of Health, The Republic of Uganda (2009) C_WHO

What you need to know about cancer and how to prevent it.

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An Advocacy Strategy for Adoption and Dissemination of the WHO Policy on TB Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities, Congregate Settings and Households

D’Arcy Richardson, PATH, and Greg Pirio, Empower Communications USAID, StopTBPartnership (2010) C2

Recommended actions and international and national level

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South Africa: National Tuberculosis Management Guidelines 2014
recommended

Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa (2014) C1

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Breast Cancer Control Policy, South Africa

Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa (2017) C1

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Regional Guidelines for the Management of Severe Falciparum Malaria in Large Hospitals

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia (2006) C_WHO

hese are two parallel guidelines, one for small hospitals and another one for large hospitals. In view of heavy burden of malaria and prevalence of drug resistant falciparum malaria in the South-East Asia Region, the guidelines were developed for use by medical personnel who treat severe malaria pat... more