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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Guidelines for Operationalising a Primary Health Centre for Providing 24-Hour Delivery and Newborn Care Under RCH-II

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (2005) C1

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Comprehensive Abortion Care Training

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India (2010) C1

Training and Service Delivery Guidelines

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LA STRUCTURE ORGANISATIONNELLE DU SYSTÈME DE SANTÉ EN H AÏTI

Yves Carine, Entwisle Mathelier, Sandra Ramilus, Jean St Luc, Maxime Séjour Programme de format ion en management et gestion des services de santé en Haïti (2003) CC

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Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) Guidelines for Primary Health Centres

Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India (2012) C1

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How-To Guide: Managing Post-Disaster (Re)-Construction Projects

Emergency Operations and Emergency Response Team Catholic Relief Services (2011)

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Health in Myanmar

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health (2014) C1

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Ministry of Health Liberia: Consolidated Operational Plan 2016/17

Ministry of Health, Liberia (2016) C1

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NIGERIA EVERY NEWBORN ACTION PLAN: A Plan To End Preventable Newborn Deaths in Nigeria

Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2016) C2

The Newborn Situational Analysis reports of 2009 and 2011, as well as the “Bottleneck analysis on neonatal health” of 2013, culminated in the Nigeria launch of “Call to action on Newborn health” at the first National Newborn Health Conference in 2014. This call to action provided the framewo... more

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La prise en charge de la COVID-19. Programme d'enseignement pour les agents de santé communautaires
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) C1

Compte tenu des lacunes en matière d'infrastructures et de ressources, il convient d'envisager de recourir à la technologie pour la gestion à distance des soins de santé dispensés aux patients pendant cette période. Comme on peut le constater, même les pays disposant d'infrastructures et de r... more

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Sierra Leone National Rapid Assessment of Laboratory Capacity and Systems: Sub-Report

Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone (2016) C1

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Принципи відновлення та трансформації системи охорони здоров’я в Україні

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Незважаючи на продовження війни в Україні, уряд готується до відновлення та відбудови країни. Враховуючи масштаби атак на систему охорони здоров’я та, як наслідок... more

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Ukraine Situation: UNHCR Revised Supplementary Appeal 2022, Addendum for increased requirements in Ukraine, October 2022

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNCHR) Reliefweb OCHA Services (2022) C2

This document is an addendum to the Revised Supplementary Appeal issued in April 2022, reflecting UNHCR’s updated financial requirements for the Ukraine situation for March to December 2022. UNHCR is appealing for an additional $170 million for activities within Ukraine, to scale up urgentlyneeded... more

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National Health and Social Welfare Policy and Plan Liberia 2011-2021

Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Liberia (2011) C1

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SOPs on COVID-19 Vaccination of Persons without prescribed Identity Cards through CoWIN

Ministry of Health& Family Welfare, Goverment of India (2021) CC

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Maternal and Newborn Health in Urban India: A Monograph based on Literature Review Exercise

Save the Children (2016) C2

India contributes to 16% of the global maternal deaths and around 27% of global newborn deaths. Reducing the burden of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity in urban poor settings today requires an expansion of effective Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) care services and lowering the barrier... more

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Technical Guidelines: Increased Awareness about Housing, Land & Property Rights - 2015

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (2015)

Introduction This document was prepared by a technical task force of the Shelter Working Group (SWG) in Jordan for the Syrian refugee response and is intended to guide HLP rights interventions in host communities. The objective of the document is to provide Shelter sector partners with basic info... more