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Testing coverage is a critical component of pandemic response, providing a view on the data available to inform policy and monitor the effectiveness of public health
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measures. While many countries do not publish official numbers of tests conducted, others are doing this across individual websites, statistical reports and press releases, often in multiple languages and updated with different periodicity. FIND is working to build a global picture of the testing coverage for COVID-19 and facilitate the accurate interpretation and study of case and death numbers.
more
To its credit, Chile has implemented a highly successful vaccine program and taken a number of other important public health measures to improve
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the well-being of its inhabitants. Nevertheless, these measures have proved insufficient to curb the spread of the virus and ensure full compliance with Chile’s obligations to respect, protect and
fulfil the right to health. It is in this context that this report examines the human rights impacts of the pandemic and the responses of the Chilean authorities.
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BMC Infectious Diseases (2019) 19:832
Intestinal schistosomiasis is highly endemic in Tanzania and mass drug administration (MDA) using
praziquantel is the mainstay of the control program. However, the MDA program covers only school aged children
and does not include neither adult individuals nor
...
other public health measures. The Ijinga schistosomiasis project
examines the impact of an intensified treatment protocol with praziquantel MDA in combination with additional
public health interventions. It aims to investigate the feasibility of eliminating intestinal schistosomiasis in a highly
endemic African setting using an integrated community-based approach.
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1.0 PURPOSE
To define the procedure for the conduct of in-person meetings in both healthcare and community settings in response to COVID-19 and with respect to Public Health and Social
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Measures (PHSMs) to reduce the risk of disease transmission. A general risk assessment must be conducted to inform context specific recommendations.
2.0 SCOPE
The procedure in this document is applicable to all meetings that require convening people
together physically.
3.0 SAFETY AND HYGIENE PROCEDURE
Before entry into the meeting room/venue:
• Presentation of evidence for complete doses of COVID-19 vaccination (depending on COVID-19 vaccine taken) or negative COVID-19 PCR test done within the last 72 hours, or where applicable proof of daily negative RDT result. The Africa Union Trusted Travel platform, with technical support from the PanaBIOS Consortium has implemented an online system that allows Airlines and Port Health services to authenticate and verify traveler’s COVID-19 results certificates in line with international standards, across Africa and beyond.
• Hand hygiene stations should be available at the points of entry.
• All participants must wear a well fitted mask that covers the nose and mouth. Medical masks should be provided all meeting participants.
more
The document "Proteksyon Maladi" focuses on preventing waterborne and hygiene-related diseases through practical measures. It emphasizes the importance of personal hygiene, including washing hands with soap and clean water before eating, after using
...
the toilet, and during food preparation. Maintaining personal cleanliness is highlighted as a key step in preventing the spread of diseases.
Water safety is another critical focus, with recommendations to use treated or boiled water for drinking and cooking and to store water in clean, covered containers to prevent contamination. The document also addresses sanitation, encouraging the construction and maintenance of latrines to eliminate open defecation and promoting proper waste disposal to protect the environment and water sources.
Overall, the document serves as an educational resource, providing simple and effective strategies for communities to reduce the risk of diseases and improve public health through better hygiene, sanitation, and water safety practices.
more
The document is a comprehensive practical guide for managing cholera epidemics. It includes detailed instructions on outbreak investigation, control measures, case management, and the organization of treatment facilities. It emphasizes strategies su
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ch as rehydration therapy, water sanitation, hygiene promotion, and vaccination to prevent the spread of cholera. The guide serves as a resource for healthcare professionals, logisticians, and public health officials to respond effectively to cholera outbreaks.
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Hand Hygiene and COVID-19
recommended
MEDBOX Issue Brief No.2.
The main route of transmission of the Sars-CoV-2 virus are small respiratory droplets. Therefore, thoroughly cleaning of hands with either alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water is one of the corner stones of basic protective me
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asures against COVID-19 for everyone. A particular focus of this Issue Brief are documents for the health care sector, but also multilingual material for the public.
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The UNHCR Cholera Response Plan (October 2022 – March 2023) outlines efforts to combat the cholera outbreak in Lebanon, which was declared in October 2022. The plan, led by the Ministry of Public Health
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with support from UNHCR, WHO, UNICEF, and NGOs, focuses on prevention, response, and surveillance. Key actions include oral cholera vaccination campaigns, rapid diagnostics, strengthening healthcare facilities, and improving hygiene and sanitation in high-risk refugee settlements and collective shelters. The response also emphasizes risk communication and community engagement to raise awareness and ensure early detection. The plan targets 120,000 individuals and requires $8.5 million in funding to provide life-saving support and containment measures.
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The ECDC's Cholera Monthly Surveillance page provides up-to-date data on cholera cases reported in Europe and globally. It monitors outbreaks, tracks trends, and analyzes the spread of the disease to support public
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health responses. The page includes interactive maps, statistics, and reports to help policymakers, researchers, and healthcare professionals understand cholera’s epidemiology and implement preventive measures.
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The document “Interim Guidelines – Infectious Disease Outbreak Response and Analytic System” published by the United Nations provides a framework for how UN missions and organizations should detect, report, analyze, and respond to infectious disease outbreaks. It outlines a coordinated system
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for monitoring health threats, collecting and analyzing epidemiological data, and guiding decision-making during outbreaks. The guidelines define roles and responsibilities for different actors within the UN system, describe procedures for outbreak reporting and risk assessment, and emphasize early detection, information sharing, and coordinated response measures to protect personnel and maintain operational continuity during public health emergencies.
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The document provides a detailed overview of cholera, including its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It explains the causes of cholera, its symptoms such as severe diarrhea and dehydration, and the importance of rehydration therapy (oral or intravenous) to reduce mortality. T
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he document also emphasizes public health measures, including access to clean water, proper sanitation, and vaccination, as essential strategies to control and prevent cholera outbreaks. It serves as a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals managing cholera cases and outbreaks.
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Introduction: Considering the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a vaccine is being developed to control the disease as a complementary solution to hygiene measures—and better, in social terms, than social distancing. Given
...
that a vaccine will eventually be produced, information will be needed to support a potential campaign to promote vaccination.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the variables affecting the likelihood of refusal and indecision toward a vaccine against COVID-19 and to determine the acceptance of the vaccine for different scenarios of effectiveness and side effects.
Materials and Methods: A multinomial logistic regression method based on the Health Belief Model was used to estimate the current methodology, using data obtained by an online anonymous survey of 370 respondents in Chile.
Results: The results indicate that 49% of respondents were willing to be vaccinated, with 28% undecided or 77% of individuals who would potentially be willing to be inoculated. The main variables that explained the probability of rejection or indecision were associated with the severity of COVID-19, such as, the side effects and effectiveness of the vaccine; perceived benefits, including immunity, decreased fear of contagion, and the protection of oneself and the environment; action signals, such as, responses from ones' family and the government, available information, and specialists' recommendations; and susceptibility, including the contagion rate per 1,000 inhabitants and relatives with COVID-19, among others. Our analysis of hypothetical vaccine scenarios revealed that individuals preferred less risky vaccines in terms of fewer side effects, rather than effectiveness. Additionally, the variables that explained the indecision toward or rejection of a potential COVID-19 vaccine could be used in designing public health policies.
Conclusions: We discovered that it is necessary to formulate specific, differentiated vaccination-promotion strategies for the anti-vaccine and undecided groups based on the factors that explain the probability of individuals refusing or expressing hesitation toward vaccination.
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The document provides comprehensive guidelines on cholera outbreak management, including prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. It emphasizes rapid response measures, the importance of rehydration therapy (oral and intravenous), and
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public health interventions such as water sanitation, hygiene promotion, and disease surveillance to control the spread of cholera in affected communities. It is designed as a resource for healthcare providers and public health officials.
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Accessed: 27.04.2020
Leaving no one behind in the Covid-19 Pandemic: a call for urgent global action to include migrants & refugees in the Covid-19 response
People on the move, whether they are economic migrants or forcibly displaced persons such asylum seekers, refugees, and internally displa
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ced persons (hereafter called migrants & refugees), should be explicitly included in the responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This global public health emergency brings into focus, and may exacerbate, the barriers to healthcare these populations face. Many migrant & refugee populations live in conditions where physical distancing and recommended hygiene measures are particularly challenging. The Covid-19 pandemic reveals the extent of marginalisation migrant & refugee populations face. From an enlightened self-interest perspective, the Covid-19 disease outbreak control measures will only be successful if all populations are included in the response. It is counter- productive to exclude migrant & refugee populations from the preparedness and response to the Covid-19 pandemic.
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A Technical Brief for Breakthrough ACTION Field Teams
Social media can be used to collect and address rumors or popular beliefs among target audiences, share evidence-based and timely health information, receive instant feedback on materials, condu
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ct remote trainings, promote awareness of a project, its mission and events, and more. As increased numbers of people search online for health information, social media platforms are leading the lightning-speed spread of both dangerous coronavirus misinformation and the correct life-saving measures individuals, families, and communities can take to reduce their risk. Public health programs must have a proactive presence in these information-sharing spaces to provide access to trusted and accurate information.
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This content provides concise, pragmatic guidance to front-line healthcare workers. The guidance is written by PCI’s Clinical Associates, who are themselves primary healthcare workers. It draws on up-to-date guidance from key sources including the WHO, UNHCR and PCI’s own sister organisation R
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ed Whale (a leading provider of medical education in the UK). The modules include: A guide to public health measures; The definition of a case of COVID-19 virus, Preparing the primary health care centre; Prevent the spread of COVID-19; Triage and management in primary care; Managing patients with NCDs; Mental health -patients and healthcare workers; and Case studies.
How to access the course:
Go to the ‘PCI Academy’ website homepage https://covid19.pci-academy.org/
Register for an account, Go to the ‘COVID-19’ course
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Brazil‘s Social Policy Response to Covid-19: Healthcare and Poverty Alleviation
Massard da Fonseca, E.; Arantes Beatriz, L. B.; Portella, C.
Global Dynamics of Social Policy; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(2022)
CC
During the pandemic, Brazil has provided its citizens with support in the areas of long-term care and disability, the labor market, social assistance, education, and pensions. This report focuses on two social policy areas, health-care and family be
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nefits (including labor policies), as these were the most crucial social policies implemented in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of the resources allocated and the magnitude of social impact. Brazil’s relatively generous social policies were uncoordinated with public health interventions, which contributed to poor compliance with these public health interventions. This suggests that social policy initiatives alone are insufficient in mitigating the social consequences of the pandemic. They need to be accompanied by and coordinated with public health measures, including regulations on testing, social distancing and mask wearing.
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Tuberculosis in Brazil: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Fernandes Maia, C.M.; Barbosa Martelli, D. R.; Mendes L. da Silveira, D. M.; et al.
Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia
(2022)
CC
J Bras Pneumol. 2022;48(2):e20220082
The spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to progress, causing damage in several countries of the world due to its rapid transmissibility and significant mortality rates, despite government
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measures to contain its transmission, such as movement control, the closing of schools, bans on travel and public gatherings, the mandatory use
of masks, and hand hygiene. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has clinical manifestations that are similar to those found in other infections also transmitted through the airways, such as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) Although TB is a global health problem, it is a curable disease, with affordable treatment and prevention. Nonetheless, it remains one of the leading
causes of death from a single infectious agent worldwide, a situation threatened by COVID-19.
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This UNHCR guidance note provides comprehensive recommendations for the prevention and control of malaria in refugee settings worldwide. Aligned with the WHO Global Technical Strategy for Malaria, it outlines strategies to ensure access to effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment, implement sus
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tainable transmission reduction measures and strengthen surveillance systems. The document is intended as a practical resource for humanitarian actors, public health officials and partners involved in planning and implementing malaria programmes in refugee operations, with the aim of reducing malaria-related morbidity and mortality among vulnerable populations.
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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has significantly altered the epidemiology of other infectious diseases, making investigations into its co-infection with malaria particularly relevant in endemic regions. This review examines the epidemiological, incubation and clinical features of the two diseases, high
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lighting the diagnostic challenges and strategies for accurate detection. Emerging immunological and genetic evidence indicates that prior exposure to malaria may reduce the severity of outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection through mechanisms involving ACE2 downregulation, TLR signalling, T-cell activation and upregulation of coinhibitory receptors. Additionally, potential control measures are discussed, including vaccine development, the repurposing of antimalarial drugs, the exploration of natural products, innovations in bioinsecticides, and the strengthening of electronic disease surveillance. These insights provide valuable guidance for clinical management and public health policy, while emphasising the need for continued research into the complex interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and malaria.
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