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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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The Handbook on Gender-Responsive Police Services for Women and Girls Subject to Violence

UN Women UNODC (2021) CC

A new global Police Handbook aims to address some of the most difficult challenges that survivors of violence face when accessing police and justice sector services around the world.

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The Inclusion Imperative: Towards Disability-inclusive and Accessible Urban Development

Disability Inclusive and Accessible Urban Development (DIAUD) (2016) C2

Key Recommendations for an Inclusive Urban Agenda

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Assistance to Victims of Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War: Guidance on Child-focused Victim Assistance.Chapter 5.5.: Social and economic inclusion

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2014)

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WHO European framework for action on mental health 2021-2025: draft for the Seventy-first Regional Committee for Europe

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

The framework sets out a response to current mental health challenges arising from the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on population mental health and well-being. The EFAMH provides a coherent basis for intensified efforts to mainstream, promote and safeguard mental well-being as ... more

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A framework for mental health and psychosocial support in radiological and nuclear emergencies

World Health Organization (WHO) and InterAgency Standing Committee (IASC) (2020) C_WHO

The health impact of radiological and nuclear emergencies can last for decades. Lessons learned from past radiological and nuclear accidents have demonstrated that the mental health and psychosocial consequences can outweigh the direct physical health impacts of radiation exposure. International rad... more

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#WhatWomenWant: a transformative framework for women, girls and gender equality in the context of HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

UNAIDS (2017) C1

This report brings attention to achieving gender equality in the context of women, girls, and the HIV response. This six-month consultation in 2016 with adolescent women and young girls found that #WhatWomenWant is: collaboration and joint action by all to invest in women's HIV and Sexual and Reprod... more

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CBM Disability and Development Policy

Christoffel Blinden Mission (CBM) Christoffel Blinden Mission (CBM) (2007)

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A UN framework for the immediate socio-economic response to COVID-19

United Nations (2020) C2

The “United Nations Framework for the immediate socio-economic response to COVID-19: Shared responsibility, global solidarity and urgent action for people in need” calls for protecting jobs, businesses and livelihoods to set in motion a safe recovery of societies and economies as soon as possibl... more

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India National Health Policy 2017

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India (2017) C1

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Disaster Management Strategic Framework 2010-2015

Nepal Red Cross Society (2014) C1

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MDG Acceleration Framework - Addressing with HIV and TB in the Republic of Moldova

United Nations Development Programme Bangkok Regional Hub (2012) C2

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WHO SAGE values framework for the allocation and prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

The WHO SAGE values framework for the allocation and prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination is intended to offer guidance on the prioritization of groups for vaccination when vaccine supply is limited. It provides a values foundation for the objectives of COVID-19 vaccination programmes and links t... more

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Tuberculosis among populations at high risk and people in vulnerable situations. Policy brief
New

World Health Organization WHO (2025) CC

This policy brief presents a summary of current evidence on vulnerability to TB and proposes interventions for equitable, person-centred, and human rights-based TB prevention and care. It aligns with WHO policies and guidance on TB prevention and screening, management of TB and comorbidities, access... more

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Breast Cancer Control Policy, South Africa

Dept. of Health, Republic of South Africa (2017) C1

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A policy advocacy guide on sexual reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for young key populations (YKPS)

S. Nyaude; O. Odumosu; J.Mphande; et al. AMSHeR (American Men for sexual Health & Rights); Children & AIDS (2018) C2

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Child and adolescent mental health policy in South Africa: history, current policy development and implementation, and policy analysis

S. Mokitimi; M. Schneider; P. J. de Vries International Journal of Mental Health Systems; BioMed Central (2018) CC

Mental health problems represent the greatest global burden of disease among children and adolescents. There is, however, lack of policy development and implementation for child and adolescent mental health (CAMH), particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where children and adolescen... more

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Nigeria: National Policy And Strategic Plan of Action On Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2013) C1

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Regional implementation framework for elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem: 2021–2030
recommended

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Cervical cancer continues to be a significant public health problem and a major cause of premature mortality among women, disproportionately affecting the socioeconomically disadvantaged population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In the absence of implementing the known evidence-based, ... more

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Inclusion made easy in eye health programs

Christoffel-Blinden Mission (CBM) Christoffel Blinden Mission (CBM) (2015) CC

Disability inclusive practices for strengthening comprehensive eye care

Tuberculosis among populations at high risk and people in vulnerable situations. Policy brief New

Regional implementation framework for elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem: 2021–2030 recommended

Tuberculosis among populations at high risk and people in vulnerable situations. Policy brief
New

Regional implementation framework for elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem: 2021–2030
recommended