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Publication Years
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Toolboxes
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1
Breastfeeding is the cornerstone of infant and young child survival, nutrition and development and maternal health. The World
...
Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods for up to 2 years and beyond.1 Early and uninterrupted skin-toskin contact, rooming-in2 and kangaroo mother care3 also significantly improve neonatal survival and reduce morbidity and are recommended by WHO.
Corrigendum 23 June 2020
more
However, very little is known about the trend of the quality of life over
time in untreated PLWHA compared to treated patients.
Exploring quality of life trends in treated and untreated
patients
...
will help the health care system develop adapted
strategies to better manage the PLWHA in low-income
countries.
This study aimed to assess the quality of life of persons
living with HIV in Burkina Faso, in their routine followup and its change over time.
more
13 July 2021
The module provides an overview of factors to consider when monitoring the safety of COVID-19 vaccines administered to pregnant and breastfeeding women. It describes how national rout
...
ine AEFI surveillance should be adapted to cater for this specific group of population using both passive and active surveillance methods. Specific considerations and limitations of each method are provided as well as tools for implementation.
more
Rabies is entirely preventable, and vaccines, medicines, tools and technologies have long been available to prevent people from dying of dog-mediated rabies. Nevertheless, rabies still kills about 60 000 people a year, of whom over 40% are children under 15, mainly in rural areas of economically dis
...
advantaged countries in Africa and Asia. Of all human cases, up to 99% are acquired from the bite of an infected dog.
more
Measles is one of the most contagious diseases for humans. It is caused by a paramyxovirus virus, manifesting as a febrile rash illness. The incubation period for measles usually is 10–14 days (ra
...
nge 7–23 days) from exposure to symptom onset. Initial symptoms (prodrome) generally consist of fever, malaise, cough, conjunctivitis, and coryza. The characteristic maculopapular rash appears two to four days after onset of the prodrome. Patients are usually contagious from about four days before rash onset until four days after its appearance.
more
Ewha Med J Volume 47(3); 2024
The article “Reporting Guidelines for Community Outbreak Investigation (G-CORE): A Study Protocol” describes the development of standardized reporting guidelines f
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or investigations of infectious disease outbreaks in community settings. The authors highlight that outbreak reports are often inconsistent and lack important epidemiological information, which makes it difficult to compare studies and apply findings to public health practice. The G-CORE project aims to create a structured guideline that improves the quality, transparency, and completeness of outbreak investigation reports. By establishing clear reporting standards, the guideline intends to support researchers and public health professionals in documenting outbreaks more systematically and to facilitate better communication, analysis, and response to infectious disease events.
more
This report presents the performance results of 21 household water treatment (HWT) products evaluated in Rounds III and IV of the WHO International Scheme to Evaluate Household Water Treatment Techn
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ologies (the Scheme). Released alongside a consolidated overview of findings from Rounds I–II, it represents the third and final report in a series of laboratory-based evaluations of microbial performance. With these latest evaluations, a total of 51 HWT products have been evaluated under the Scheme. The findings equip procurers with the evidence needed to make informed selection of HWT that supports safer drinking water for all.
more
This resource is a practical, user-friendly tools that aid in the application of gender-transformative approaches for everyday work at the frontlines within
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the social, health, education, or legal sectors, among others.
Gender-transformative approaches intentionally challenge harmful gender norms, roles, and relations towards a more equal redistribution of power and resources. This includes engaging diverse stakeholders, such as men, boys, and traditional leaders, in redefining gender roles and increasing the agency of women and girls.
more
This document provides guidance for countries on how to implement activities to achieve the interruption of yaws transmission. It is intended for use by national yaws eradication programmes, partners involved in
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the implementation of yaws eradication activities and WHO technical staff who provide technical support to countries in the eradication of yaws.
more
Policy Note #4: Myanmar Health Systems in Transition Policy Notes Series
Protecting people from financial hardship when they fall ill is one of the two key elements of universal ... health coverage (UHC). In practice, this means that the majority of health care costs have to be met from government revenues so that services are provided free or with a small affordable co-payment. The alternative is to rely on pre-payment through some form of insurance, where risks are pooled across all contributors.
The challenge in Myanmar is that at present neither approach is functioning. Government spending is too low to meet people’s health needs and the proportion of the population covered by insurance is negligible. As a result, families face a stark choice in the event of serious illness: either defer treatment and face the consequences, or incur what can amount to catastrophic expenses and a downward spiral of disinvestment and poverty. more
Protecting people from financial hardship when they fall ill is one of the two key elements of universal ... health coverage (UHC). In practice, this means that the majority of health care costs have to be met from government revenues so that services are provided free or with a small affordable co-payment. The alternative is to rely on pre-payment through some form of insurance, where risks are pooled across all contributors.
The challenge in Myanmar is that at present neither approach is functioning. Government spending is too low to meet people’s health needs and the proportion of the population covered by insurance is negligible. As a result, families face a stark choice in the event of serious illness: either defer treatment and face the consequences, or incur what can amount to catastrophic expenses and a downward spiral of disinvestment and poverty. more
15 July 2021. This report describes the demographics, clinical presentation, clinical outcomes, and risk factors among people living with HIV (PLHIV) who have been hospitalized for suspected or confirmed COVID-19.
...
The specific objectives of the analysis were to:
describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of PLHIV hospitalized for COVID-19
assess whether PLHIV hospitalized with COVID-19 were at increased risk of presenting with severe or critical illness at admission and were at increased risk of in-hospital death compared to individuals not infected with HIV
assess risk factors associated with severe or critical illness at hospital admission and of in-hospital death among PLHIV hospitalized for COVID-19.
more
Member States have requested WHO policy guidance on how to facilitate the implementation of national AMS activities in an integrated and programmatic approach. This policy guidance responds to that demand from Member States and is anchored in public
...
health guiding principles in the human health sector. It aims to provide a set of evidence-based and pragmatic recommendations to drive comprehensive and integrated AMS activities under the purview of a central national coordination unit, National AMR steering or coordinating committees or other equivalent national authorities.
Available in English, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Chinese
more
This guidance is intended to be used by programme managers following the decision to introduce human papillomavirus (HPV) virological testing as a screening assay in their national cervical cancer prevention and control programme.
...
The guidance includes a step-by-step process to be followed after the decision has been made to specifically introduce and/or scale-up HPV virological testing for screening, which would be followed up with adequate management within the context of cervical cancer prevention
more
This updated step by step guide aims to assist the ministries of health (MoHs) in developing the national action plans for noma prevention and cont
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rol, with a view to sustainably reducing the incidence of noma as a public health problem through programmes that are fully integrated with national health planning, strengthening of primary health care (PHC) and attainment of universal health coverage (UHC).
more
People-centered approaches that help communities maintain protective behaviours and follow guidelines set out by public health and government agencies are more important than ever. The evidence is c
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lear, communities play a role in preventing and controlling epidemics and they are best able to take action and slow or stop the spread of disease when properly engaged and empowered. This toolbox in 2 parts offers best practice approaches to community engagement with families. Promoting individual and joint responsibilities for the safety of the family, this toolbox aims to bring families and households together to manage shared risks and agree to safe behaviours critical for their safety and the safety of their community.
more
Noma (cancrum oris) is a severe gangrenous disease of the mouth and face. It mostly affects children between the ages of 2 and 6 years living in extreme poverty. In addition to
...
the known factors such as malnutrition, lack of vaccination in children and poor oral hygiene, several social and environmental factors such as maternal malnutrition and close spacing of pregnancies that result in offspring with increasingly weakened immune systems are potentially related to the onset of the disease.
The aim of this guide is to assist the ministries of health (MoHs) to identify a general goal to be attained by the end of five years, with a view to sustainably reducing the incidence of noma as a public health problem through programmes that are fully integrated with national health planning, strengthening of primary health care (PHC) and attainment of UHC.
more
This document aims to describe a minimum set of surveillance activities recommended at the national level to detect and monitor the relative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and outline a set of ac
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tivities for the characterization and assessment of risk posed by these variants. A set of indicators is also provided to standardize monitoring and public reporting of variant circulation.
The document is primarily intended for national and sub-national public health authorities and partners who support implementation of surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 variants
more
1.1 Why this course is needed
The first few hours and days of a newborn baby’s life are a critical window for establishing breastfeeding and for providing mothers with the support they need to br
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eastfeed successfully. Since 1991, the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) has helped to motivate facilities providing maternity and newborn baby services worldwide to better support breastfeeding. It has been adopted by many countries and organizations. The BFHI aims to provide a health-care environment that supports mothers to acquire the skills necessary to exclusively breastfeed for six months, and to continue breastfeeding for two years or beyond.
more
Adolescence, defined as the period between 10 and 19 years of age, is a developmental stage during which many psychosocial and mental health challenges emerge. There is a well-established link betwe
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en mental health and HIV outcomes. Adolescents and young adults living with HIV typically have additional mental health needs linked to their experiences of living with and managing a chronic illness, along with prevailing stigma and discrimination. Mental health promotion and prevention is thus a critical priority for this group.
more
Past quantitative research on health financing has focused mostly on the level and distribution of total expenditure, with little emphasis on the s
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pecific role of public funds, despite their known importance for universal health coverage (UHC). Health Accounts data do not disaggregate public expenditure on health by source of funding. Achieving a better understanding of public financing for health in the context of the macro-fiscal and health financing environment is of fundamental importance to the development of future health financing policy, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
more
