Lawrence Mayega, Michel M. Dione, Brian Kawuma, et al.
1
Le centre Africain de prévention et de lutte contre la maladie (CDC Afrique)
1
Leatherman, Sheila
1
Lee J. Y., Marotzke J., et al.
1
Lee, V.
1
Lesotho National AIDS Commission, Government of Lesotho
1
Lifebox and Ariadne Labs
1
Lima, C.
1
Lind, J. and Ndebe, J.
1
Loua, A.
1
Luwabelwa, M.
1
M. Abebe
1
M. BENINGA Paul-Crescent, Dr. MANGA ESSAMA Déflorine Grâce, Dr. MOGBA Zéphirin Jean Raymond
1
M. Dara, M. Grzemska, M. E. Kimerling, et al.
1
M. Fritzsche
1
M. G. Whitfield, H. M. Soeters, R. M. Warren, et al.
1
M. Gutmann
1
M. Munyeme and S. Malama
1
M. Nyamazana, G. Koyi, P. Funjika and E. Chibwili
1
M. R. Jordan
1
M. Schomaker
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan (The Focus Group Consulting)
1
M. Snowling
1
M.-A. Davies
1
M.Biehl, R. Gütter ,et al.
1
M.Johnson
1
M.Rowland
1
Ma. B. Alves de Souza
1
Mac-Seing, M.
1
Machalaba
1
MacKinnon, K.
1
MacKinnon,K.
1
Macro International Inc., USA
1
Magagula, Samuel V.
1
Makatjane, T. J., T. Hlabana, and E. M. Letete
1
Malaria Consortium
1
Mamdani M.
1
Managment of Health Sciences MSH
1
Mandrup, L. & Elklit, A.
1
Mangwiro, TNC.
1
Mapako, Tonderai, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Maarten J. Postma, Marinus van Hulst, Janet Dzangare, Stellah Ngwende, John Mandisarisa, Ponesai Nyika, David A. Mvere, Owen Mugurungi, and Mufuta Tshimanga
1
Mareike Transfeld & Marie-Christine Heinze
1
Margie Buchanan-Smith and John Telford
1
Maria Bray, Sabine Rakotomalala, Leslie Snider, Saji Thomas
1
Mariam Mushtaq
1
Marie Stopes Uganda, WHO
1
Mark W. Rosegrant | Jawoo Koo | Nicola Cenacchi
1
Martini M, M. Abdiker
1
Maryanne Stone-Jimenez
1
Mburu, Gitau
1
McGeown, J.
1
McGloin, J.
1
MDPI Microorganisms
1
MDPI Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
1
ME Loeb, Arne H Eide
1
Medecins Sans Frontieres (Access Campaign)
1
medical peace work
1
Medicus Mundi International Network (MMI)
1
Mediscript Ltd
1
medmissio and Action against AIDS Germany
1
Médecins Sans Frontières
1
Michelle Jimenez
1
Mike Wessells
1
Mindheart
1
Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN), Rwanda
1
Ministry of Finance and National Planning, Zambia
1
Ministry of health
1
Ministry of Health & Child Welfare
1
Ministry of Health & Sanitation, Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health (Malawi), USAID, UNFPA, UNICEF, Save the Children International, Clinton Health Foundation
1
Ministry of Health and Child Care & UNICEF
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation (Sierra Leone), UNICEF, Helen Keller International, and WHO
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitaton Sierra Leone and UNICEF Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services, Namibia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, The United Republic of Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health Ghana
1
Ministry of Health Malawi
1
Ministry of Health Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Gabarone, Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana, World Health Organizaiotn (WHO) and Ghana Health Service
1
Ministry of Health, Government of Liberia
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, South Africa
1
Ministry of Public Health, Quatar
1
Minja, N.W.
1
Misereor
1
Mixed Migration Centre
1
Mixed Migration Platform (MMP)
1
Molina, M.
1
Monde, N.
1
Monnier, N.
1
Monteiro , J.D.
1
Mottram, J.C.
1
MSF Access Campaign
1
MSH, USAID
1
Mshelbwala, P.
1
Mueller, A.
1
Mugenyi, L.
1
Mukaratirwa, S. et al.
1
Murat Sahin, Emily Bamford, Lisa Bender et al.
1
Murray, J.
1
MW Sonderup, Y Pillay et al.
1
N. Amann, M. Arnell, et al.
1
N. B. Carbone
1
N. Metrebian
1
N.Dean
1
NADMO Ghana
1
Nakagaayi, D.
1
Nankinga, O.
1
Nat Commun 13, 2788 (2022)
1
Nathalia Dukhan
1
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1
National Academy of Sciences
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA)
1
National AIDS Commission of Liberia
1
National HIVAIDS Council Zambia
1
National Institue of communicable Diseases, India
1
National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Control Program (NLTCP)
1
National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Nairobi, Kenya, and ICF International
1
National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Zambia
1
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Agency for International Development
1
Nature Scientific Reports
1
Ndetei D, Musyimi C, Musau A, Matoke L, Mutiso V
1
ndia State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Cancer Collaborators
1
Ndlovu, N.
1
Nejad, Sepideh Bagheri
1
NEPAD
1
Niederberger,E.
1
Norwegian Red Cross
1
Norwegian Refugee Council NRC
1
Nswilla A.
1
Nunziata, K. R.
1
Nwe Ni Myint et al.
1
Nyanda, C.J.
1
O. Ajose
1
O. Bandmann
1
O. Neyrolles (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologoie Structurale)
1
O. O. Simooyqa
1
OAK foundation
1
Obiezue, RN.
1
ODI
1
ODI_ Humanitarian Policy Group
1
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
1
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
1
Ojji, D.B.
1
Okech, U.K.
1
Okoye, CI.
1
Omasete J., Forster J., Geere J., et al.
1
Open Journal of Epidemiology
1
Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA)
1
Ophthalmic Services Unit
1
Ophthalmic Services Unit and the Division of Non Communicable Disease (DNCD), Ministry of Health Kenya
1
Oppah Kuguyo, A. Matimba, Nomsa Tsika, et al.
1
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
1
Overseas Development Institute (ODI)
1
Oxfam
1
Ozioko ,KU.
1
P. Booth
1
P. J. Dodd
1
P. M. Kelly
1
P. Ozório
1
P. Zheng
1
Paget Stanfield, Martin Brueton, Michael Chan, Michael Parkin, and Tony Waterston
1
Palale M.
1
Parasites and Vectors
1
Pedrozo e Silva de Azevedo, C.
1
People's Health Movement
1
Perez Calderon, Luis Jorge
1
Peter N. Stearns
1
Plan International and Institute of Development Studies IDS
1
PLOS Medicine
1
PMC (US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health)
1
PNAS
1
POMEPS
1
Population Reference Bureau
1
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
1
Project Drawdown
1
Promundo, UNFPA
1
PSA Tansforming The Supply Chain
1
Public Health Foundation India
1
Publications Office
1
Quinn, V., and A. Guyon
1
R Loewenson
1
R Sari Kovats et al.
1
R. Baggaley
1
R. Shenoy, M. Das, H. Mansoor, et al.
1
R. Walker
1
Rada Noeva, Nassim Benali, Emily Garin et al.
1
Rahman-Shepherd, A.
1
Rao, S.P.S.
1
Ravi Narayan and Unnikrishnan PV
1
RCC Service
1
RCCE Collective Service
1
RCCE technical working group
1
Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre
1
Rees, D.
1
Refugee Studies Centre, UK
1
Reginald A. Annan, Patrick Webb, Rebecca Brown
1
Regional Office Africa
1
Regional Office for Europe
1
Reilly, K.
1
Religions for Peace
1
Research Gate
1
ResearchGate
1
Ridsdel, B
1
Robert Koch Institut RKI
1
Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF International
1
Roel G. Cabulang
1
Roos N.
1
Rostal, M.K.
1
Rutstein, S.E., J. Ananworanich, S. Fidler, et al.
1
S. Ali, A. Haileamlak, A. Wieser, et al.
1
S. I. Ngulde
1
S. Kolmes
1
S. Nag
1
S.Kinloch-de Loës, et al.
1
Saarnak, C.
1
Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition
1
Saimiento, Juan Pablo et al.
1
Salehi, M.
1
Salvage J, Rowson M, Melf K and Sandøy I
1
Samwel Mbugua, Kerry L. D. MacQuarrie
1
Sanni-Adeniyi, O. et al.
1
Santos, D.
1
Sara Pantuliano
1
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
1
Save the Children International
1
Scarpetta, Stefano
1
Scientific and Cultural Organization
1
Scientific reports
1
Selby, S.
1
Sexton, S.
1
Shaping Health Programme
1
Sharon Alane Abramowitz, et al.
1
Shazly Savahl, Sabirah Adams, Serena Isaacs, et al.
1
Shoaib Fahad Hussai, Peter Boyle, Preeti Patel and Richard Sullivan
1
Sider, R. , Buswell, M. , Al Salman, M. et al.
1
Sidze, E.M.
1
Sikora, R.A.
1
Silas, Joel
1
Singh-Phulgenda, S., Dahal, P., Ngu, R. et al.
1
SINTEF Technology and Society Health Research
1
Smith, K.R., A. Woodward, D. Campbell-Lendrum, D.D. , et al.
1
Smithsonian Science Education Center
1
Social Science in Humanitarian Action: A Communication for Development Platform
1
South Africa's Dept. of Health
1
Southern African Development Community
1
Spearman, CWN
1
Springer International Publishing
1
Standing committee on Nutrition SCN, et al.
1
Start Network
1
Stender, Stacie
1
Stree Shakti-The Parallel Force, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
1
STRIVE
1
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration SAMHASA
1
Susan Nicolai and Carl Triplehorn
1
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
1
Syed, Shamsuzzoha
1
Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS)
1
Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS)
1
T. Chitashvili, S. Holschneider, O. Annie Clark
1
T. Groshkova
1
T. Lievens
1
T. Munie
1
T. N. Saw
1
T. Osman
1
T.R. Leeyio, A. Fuss, et al.
1
Tagliazucchi, L.
1
TB/CTA
1
TDR
1
Teklemariam M., Assefa A., Kassa M., et al.
1
Terre des Hommes
1
Terre Des Hommes International Foundation
1
Terre des Hommes Netherlands
1
Tesfaye K.
1
Teshome H.
1
The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action
1
The Barefoot Guide Connection
1
The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
1
The Chatham House
1
The Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) Global Cohort Collaboration
1
The Focus Group Consulting
1
The Georg Institute for Global Health India
1
The Global Fund, UNAIDS
1
The Health & Education Advice & Resource Team (HEART)
1
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1
The Johns Hopkins and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1
The Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Healt
1
The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
1
The Lancet Global Health
1
The Lancet, Planetary Health
1
The Pact
1
The PAN, the Mental Health Users Network Zambia (MHUNZA), the Prisons Care and Counselling Association (PRISCCA), et al.
1
The Project on Middle East Political Science
1
The Union
1
Thomas, L.S., E. Buch and Y. Pillay
1
Thomson, M.C.
1
Ties Boerma, Jennifer Requejo, Cesar Victora et al.
1
Tigray Health Bureau
1
Tilahun Tadesse, B., E. A. Ashley, S. Ongarello et al.
1
Tirados, I.
1
Tjaden, N.B.
1
Todd G.
1
Tol, Wietse A. , Song, Suzan, Jordans, Mark J. D.
1
U. Williams
1
UCL Institute for Global Health and Development Education Research Centre, Institute of Education
1
UN
1
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs
1
UN DESA
1
UN Development Programme, UN High Commissioner for Refugees
1
UN Environment Programme
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1
UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR, TANGO
1
UN Human Rights Council
1
UN Industrial Development Organization
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV
1
UNAIDS | GAMET
1
UNESCO
1
UNESCO Publishing (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
1
UNESCO's International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC)
1
UNESDOC Digital Library
1
UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund)
1
UNFPA East and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO)
1
UNHCR The UN Refugee Agency
1
União Africana
1
Unicef (Eastern and Southern Africa Office)
1
UNICEF, Wendy Ager, Pierette James
1
UNICEF, WHO, World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates
1
UNICEF, World Food Programme (WFP)
1
UNICEF, World Health Organisation
1
UNICF
1
Union Africaine
1
UNITAID Secretariat, World Health Organization
1
Unite for Children
1
Unite for Children Unite against AIDS
1
United Nations (UN)
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) & United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Global Water Partnership (GWP)
1
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI)
1
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
1
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
1
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
1
United Nations Educational
1
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
1
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UNDRR
1
United Nations Office on Drug and Crime UNODC
1
United States Department of Health and Human Services
1
University of Buffalo
1
University of Chicago’s Energy Policy Institute
1
University of Malawi
1
University of Malawi , et al.
1
University of Oslo
1
University of Portland Pilot Scholars
1
UNOPS, Stop TB Partnership et al.
1
UNSDG
1
UNWomen
1
UPROOT
1
US Agency for International Development
1
US Aid, UK Aid, UNICEF
1
USAID ASSIST Project
1
USAID, SPS, Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems Program-Kenya
1
USAID, CRS
1
USAID, StopTBPartnership
1
USAID, Synergie Project
1
V. Künzel and L.Schäfer
1
V. Turmine, C. Homm
1
Vaartjes, I.C.H.
1
Vale, GA et al.
1
Valerie Karr et al.
1
van Ham C., Reilly K., et al.
1
van Ham, C.
1
Vanham, D.
1
Veillard, Jeremy Henri Maurice
1
Venturelli, A.
1
Venuti, F. et al.
1
Verhoeven, J.I.
1
Verner D.
1
Ville de Goyet, Claude de
1
Wadda, V.
1
Waldman, L.
1
Walton D., Arrighi J., et al.
1
Wamai, R.
1
Wang, Wenjuan, Soumya Alva, Rebecca Winter, and Clara Burgert
1
Wapling, L.
1
War Trauma Foundation, Ahfad University for Women
1
Wardlaw, Tessa M.
1
Water Aid
1
Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council
1
Watts,N.
1
WCC
1
Weber, Stephanie
1
Weese, J.
1
Welburn S. C., Beange I. et al
1
Wendy Ager, Yvonne Sliep and Reem Ibrahim Ahmed, et al.
1
Whitmee S., Haines A. et al.
1
WHO Africa
1
WHO, et al.
1
WHO, HHS-CDC
1
WHO, HHS-CDC, GAP
1
WHO, UN-HABITAT
1
WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division
1
Wieland B., Flintan F., et al.
1
Wilkinson, J.L.
1
Willott C et al.
1
Winter, Rebecca, Akinlo, Ambrose, and Lia Florey
1
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
1
Wonder Goredema Jane Briggs Mupela Ntengu, et al.
1
Word Health Organization
1
World Allergy Organization Jornal Volume 13, Issue 6100130June 2020
1
World Bank
1
World Bank Group Staff
1
World Bank, et al.
1
World Diabetes Foundation
1
World Food Program WFP
1
World Food Programme, Logistics Cluster
1
World Health Organisation (WHO) Regional Office Africa
1
World Health Organization ( WHO Regional Office for Africa)
1
World Health Organization ( WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
1
World Health Organization (WHO) - Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and The World Bank
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for the Western Pacific
1
World Health Organization - Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization Africa Region
1
World Health Organization WHO, Food and Agriculture Organization FAO, World Organization for Animal Health OIE
1
World Health Organization WHO, International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for South East Asia
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization, UNAIDS, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
1
World Vision, International Research Institute for Climate and Society
1
Xiaoxu Wu, Yongmei Lu, Sen Zhou et al.
1
Y. M. Saw
1
Yale, G.
1
Yarlett, K et al.
1
Yassi, A.
1
Yebyo, Henock G., Mussie A. Gebreselassie, and Alemayehu B. Kahsay
1
Yoder, P. Stanley, Joe L.P. Lugalla, and Richard F. Sambaiga
Catholic Social Justice teaching is the body of doctrine developed by the Catholic Church on matters of poverty and wealth, economics, social organization and the role of the state.
Arts Social Sci J 2015, 6:2DOI: 10.4172/2151-6200.1000107
These guidelines group all recommendations on TB care and support in one document and are complemented by an operational handbook. The guidelines are to be used primarily by national TB programmes, or their equivalents in Ministries of Health, stakeholders and technical organizations working on... TB care in the public and private sectors and in the community.more
Improving the quality of hospital antibiotic use is a major goal of WHO’s global action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance. The WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification could facilitate simple stewardship interventions that are widely applicable globally.... We aimed to present data on patterns of paediatric AWaRe antibiotic use that could be used for local and national stewardship interventions.
www.thelancet.com/lancetgh Vol 7 July 2019more
The report shows that older people are not getting the healthcare treatments they desperately need. The COVID-19 response has disrupted services for non-communicable diseases such as cancer and diabetes, communicable diseases such as malaria, and much-needed services for mental health. Combined with... a loss of income, many older people are unable to get the medicines they need.
A Summary is available in Russian and Arabicmore
The Newborn Situational Analysis reports of 2009 and 2011, as well as the “Bottleneck analysis on neonatal health” of 2013, culminated in the Nigeria launch of “Call to action on Newborn health” at the first National Newborn Health Conference in 2014. This call to action provided the framewo...rk for the development of the Nigeria Every Newborn Action
Plan (NiENAP). The NiENAP lays out a vision to end preventable stillbirths and newborn deaths by accelerating progress and scaling up evidence- based high-impact and cost effective interventions. The plan is guided by the principles of country-leadership, integration, accountability, equity, human rights, innovation and research. This blue print outlines our commitment as government and stakeholders to repositioning newborn health as we implement approaches that impact on the lives of newborns for improved health outcome.more
At the World Humanitarian Summit in Istanbul in May 2016, leaders made over 3,700 commitments to advance the Agenda for Humanity. In their first self-reports against these commitments, 142 stakeholders described the efforts they made from June to December 2016 to realize this ambitious vision.
The ...2017 annual synthesis report on progress provides a summary of their collective achievements around the 5 Core Responsibilities and 24 Transformations of the Agenda for Humanity.
Executive summary in
English: https://www.agendaforhumanity.org/sites/default/files/asr/2017/Nov/No%20time%20to%20retreat%20Executive%20Summary_NEW_web_nov27.pdf;
French: https://www.agendaforhumanity.org/sites/default/files/asr/2018/Jan/No%20time%20to%20retreat_Executive%20summary_FRENCH_Final_web.pdf
Spanish: https://www.agendaforhumanity.org/sites/default/files/asr/2018/Jan/No%20time%20to%20retreat_Executive%20summary_Spanish_final_web.pdfmore
Poor quality health services are holding back progress on improving health in countries at all income levels.
Today, inaccurate diagnosis, medication errors, inappropriate or unnecessary treatment, inadequate or unsafe clinical facilities or practices, or providers who lack adequate training an...d expertise prevail in all countries.
The situation is worst in low and middle-income countries where 10 percent of hospitalized patients can expect to acquire an infection during their stay, as compared to seven percent in high income countries. This is despite hospital acquired infections being easily avoided through better hygiene, improved infection control practices and appropriate use of antimicrobials.. At the same time, one in ten patients is harmed during medical treatment in high income countries.more
We systematically reviewed Medline as well as the references of published review articles for relevant studies of adherence to multidrug treatment of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB through February 3, 2018. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as well as prospective and retro...spective cohort studies (CSs) with an internal or external control group that evaluated any adherence intervention and conducted a meta-analysis of their impact on TB treatment outcomes. Our search identified 7,729 articles, of which 129 met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis. Seven adherence categories were identified, including DOT offered by different providers and at various locations, reminders and tracers, incentives and enablers, patient education, digital technologies (short message services [SMSs] via mobile phones and video-observed therapy [VOT]), staff education, and combinations of these interventions.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002595more
Purpose of this document: to present eight practical steps that Member States can take at the national and sub-national level to improve WASH in health care facilities
The Lancet. 13 March 2022. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02868-3. Previous Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) studies have reported
national health estimates for Ethiopia. Substantial regional variations in socioeconomic status, population, demography, and access to hea...lth care within Ethiopia require comparable estimates at the subnational level. The GBD 2019 Ethiopia subnational analysis aimed to measure the progress and disparities in health across nine regions and two chartered cities.more
The WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2022 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease, at global, regional and country levels. This is done in the context of global TB commitments, strategies and targets.
...
The 2022 edition of the report is as usual, based primarily on data gathered by WHO from national ministries of health in annual rounds of data collection. In 2022, 202 countries and territories with more than 99% of the world’s population and TB cases reported datamore
The WHO Global tuberculosis report 2024 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease, at global, regional and country levels. This is done in the context of global TB commitments, strategies and targets.
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that occurs mainly in the tropics and subtropics but has a high potential to spread to new areas. Dengue infections are climate sensitive, so it is important to better understand how changing climate factors affect the potential for geographic spread and futu...re dengue epidemics. Vectorial capacity (VC) describes a vector's propensity to transmit dengue taking into account human, virus, and vector interactions. VC is highly temperature dependent, but most dengue models only take mean temperature values into account. Recent evidence shows that diurnal temperature range (DTR) plays an important role in influencing the behavior of the primary dengue vector Aedes aegypti. In this study, we used relative VC to estimate dengue epidemic potential (DEP) based on the temperature and DTR dependence of the parameters of A. aegypti. We found a strong temperature dependence of DEP; it peaked at a mean temperature of 29.3°C when DTR was 0°C and at 20°C when DTR was 20°C. Increasing average temperatures up to 29°C led to an increased DEP, but temperatures above 29°C reduced DEP. In tropical areas where the mean temperatures are close to 29°C, a small DTR increased DEP while a large DTR reduced it. In cold to temperate or extremely hot climates where the mean temperatures are far from 29°C, increasing DTR was associated with increasing DEP. Incorporating these findings using historical and predicted temperature and DTR over a two hundred year period (1901-2099), we found an increasing trend of global DEP in temperate regions. Small increases in DEP were observed over the last 100 years and large increases are expected by the end of this century in temperate Northern Hemisphere regions using climate change projections. These findings illustrate the importance of including DTR when mapping DEP based on VC.more
The Education 2030 Incheon Declaration and Framework for Action specifies that the mandate of the Global Education Monitoring Report is to be ‘the mechanism for monitoring and reporting on SDG 4 and on education in the other SDGs’ with the responsibility to ‘report on the implementation of nat...ional and international strategies to help hold all relevant partners to account for their commitments as part of the overall SDG follow-up and review.’ It is prepared by an independent team hosted by UNESCO.more