Michelle Funk, José Miguel Caldas de Almeida, Natalie Drew et al.
1
Miller, C.
1
Ministerio da Saude, Brasilia
1
Ministerio de Salud y Deportes Bolivia
1
Ministerio de Salud Ecuador
1
Ministerio de Salud et Desarrollo Social, Presidencia de la Nación, Argentina
1
Ministerio de Salud Publica y Bienestar Social
1
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social
1
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Primus Inter Pares Paraguay
1
Ministerio de Salud y Deportes Bolivia
1
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, Colombia
1
Ministerio de Salud, Argentina
1
Ministerio de Salud, Bogota, Colombia
1
Ministerio de sanidad - España
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique, République Démocratique du Congo
1
Ministério da Saúde, Brazil
1
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries
1
Ministry of Disaster Management Affairs and Public Events
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Nirman Bhawan New Delhi
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone,
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Liberia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Liberia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health Ghana
1
Ministry of Health Malawi
1
Ministry of Health Uganda, Control of Diarrheal Diseases
1
Ministry of Health Zambia
1
Ministry of Health, Demographic Republic of the Congo
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana, World Health Organizaiotn (WHO) and Ghana Health Service
1
Ministry of Health, Government of Liberia
1
Ministry of Health, Liberia
1
Ministry of Health, Liberia, World Health Organization (WHO), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1
Ministry of Health, Malawi
1
Ministry of Health, Pakistan
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda
1
Ministry of Health, Rwanda & Rwanda Biomedical Centre
1
Ministry of Health, Singapore
1
Ministry of Medical Services and Ministry of Public Health & Sanitation, Republic of Kenya
1
Ministry of Public Health, Afghanistan
1
Minja, N.W.
1
Moraes de Oliveira, G et al
1
MPact Global Action for Gay Men’s Health and Rights
1
Mukaratirwa, S. et al.
1
Mukhtar A Adeiza, Abdullah A Abba, Juliana U Okpapi
1
Multiple Sclerosis international federation
1
Muñiz F. J., de Casado G. C. , et al.
1
Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports
1
N. B. Carbone
1
N. Kumar
1
N. L. Soh
1
N.I. Agudelo Higuita, S.A. Hamer, et al.
1
Nakagaayi, D.
1
Nat Commun 13, 2788 (2022)
1
Nation Institute for Communicable Diseases - Division of the National Health Laboratory Service
1
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1
National Academy of Medicine
1
National Agency for Control of AIDS (NACA)
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA)
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Abuja Nigeria
1
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National AIDS Control Program
1
National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control Committee
1
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
1
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC)
1
National Centre for Disease Control (formerly National Institute of Communicable Diseases)
1
National Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
1
National Epidemiology Center Department of Health Philippines
1
National Health Accounts Technical Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of india
1
National HIVAIDS Council Zambia
1
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
1
National Institutes of Health
1
National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Control Program (NLTCP)
1
National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Nairobi, Kenya, and ICF International
1
National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Zambia
1
National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
1
Nature Communications
1
Nature Scientific Reports
1
NdOH South Africa
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
Newman, C., Kabagwira, A., Scislowicz, J., et al.
1
Noel G. Macalalad, Ma. Cecilia G. Ama, Arthur B. Lagos et al.
1
Nouvellet, P.
1
nternational Labour Organization
1
OAS
1
Obiezue, RN.
1
Observatory of the Penal System and Human Rights (University of Barcelona)
1
OECD
1
Official Journal of the European Union
1
Ogden, S., Gallo, K., Davis, S., et al
1
Ojji, D.B.
1
Okoye, CI.
1
Olney, Jack J.
1
OMS (WHO)
1
OPAS, OMS
1
Open Heart
1
Organisation mondiale de la Santé
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
1
Organización Mundial de Saude and OPAS
1
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
1
Organização Mundial da Saùde
1
Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)
1
Organização Mundial de Saúde
1
Oxfam
1
Ozioko ,KU.
1
P. De Castro
1
P. Hay
1
P. Zheng
1
P. Zucs
1
Paciaroni, M.
1
PAHO
1
Palmero, D.
1
Pan American Health Organization PAHO
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), OPS
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Americas (WHO)
Paul Roddy, Natasha Howard, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, et al.
1
Pedro Alonso, Kevin Baird, David Brandling-Bennett et al.
1
Pepe VLE
1
PERC
1
Peter Bakker
1
Philippine Heart Association
1
Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Philippine College of Chest Physicians, Philippine Academy of Family Physicians
1
Pitt1, C.
1
PLoS Med
1
PMC - US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health
1
Polio Global Eradication Intiative
1
Pradhan, Y.V., Upreti, S.R., Pratap, K.C.N, et al.
1
President’s Malaria Initiative, CDC, MCHIP, MCSP
1
Preussler, S.
1
Prevent Project
1
Priebe, S.
1
Prof. Dr. A. K. Azad
1
Prof. Dr. S. Tahamina
1
Prof. Q. T. Islam
1
Programme National de lutte contre la Tuberculose (PNT) - Sénégal
1
Programme national de lutte contre la tuberculose - Sénégal
1
Pub Med
1
Q.M. Trinh
1
r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH ;
1
R. Bucciardini
1
R. C. Vreeman
1
R. G. Ponce de Leon
1
R. Muloiwa
1
R. S. Diler
1
R. Smart
1
R. Thapar
1
R.M.
1
RACGP
1
Rada Noeva, Nassim Benali, Emily Garin et al.
1
Rajesh Upadhyay, Milind Y Nadkar, A Muruganathan
1
Rashan, S. et al.
1
Ray, K.K.
1
Râjnoveanu, R.M.
1
Regional Office Africa
1
Regional Office Europe
1
Reliefweb OCHA
1
Reliefweb OCHA Services
1
Republic of Malawi
1
Republic of Tajikistan
1
Republic of the Gambia, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National Leprosy
1
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory
1
Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes (RPCNA)
1
Revista Medica Uruguay
1
Robert E. Black, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Marleen Temmerman
1
Robert Koch Institut RKI
1
Robert-Koch-Institut
1
Rojas-Rueda, D.
1
Rupprecht, C.
1
Ruth Newman, Richard Hansen, John Quigley and Don Schramm
1
Rutstein, S.E., J. Ananworanich, S. Fidler, et al.
1
Rwanda Biomedical Center - Institute of HIV
1
Rwanda Biomedical Center, National Reference Laboratory Division
1
S. A. Madhi
1
S. Bahendeka, S.Colagiuri, S. Mendis, et al.
1
S. Buchan
1
S. Dilmitis
1
S. F. Jakobsen
1
S. Ibisevic
1
S. K. Dlamini
1
S. Lee
1
S. Shadianloo
1
S. Stash
1
S. Uysal
1
S. Vermund
1
S.B. Calderwood and A.Bloom
1
S.Kinloch-de Loës, et al.
1
Saarnak, C.
1
Sachs, J., Karim, S., Aknin, L. et al.
1
Sachy, M
1
SAGE
1
SAGE Journals
1
Sallam, M.
1
Salvage J, Rowson M, Melf K, Wilmen A
1
Sanmatino, M.
1
Santesso, N.
1
Save the Children (UK) South Africa Programme
1
Schijmann, A.G.
1
Schmidt, B. et al.
1
Science Publishing Group
1
Secretaria Extraordinária de Enfrentamento à COVID-19, Brasil
1
Segvia, E. V. L. et al.
1
Seputra, K.P., Tarmono, B.S. Noegroho, et al.,
1
Seung Hee Lee-Kwan, et al.
1
Séverin, T. et al.
1
SFU MPH Capstone Project
1
Shears, Paul, T.J.D. O'Dempsey
1
Shelah S. Bloom and Svetlana Negroustoueva
1
SIAPS
1
Sightsavers, Department for International Development, The International Trachoma Initiative , et al.
1
SLADEA (Sierra Leone Adult Education Association), et al.
1
Solidarités International
1
Solomon, A.W.
1
Sophie Witter, Nouria Brikci, Tim Harris, et al.
1
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
1
Souto Medeiros, D. et al.
1
Souza Salles, T.
1
Standleya C. J., Carlinb E. P., Sorrella E. M. et al.
1
STAT.KG
1
State of Libya
1
Steve Aldrich, et al.
1
Steve Peat
1
Stophleishmania.org
1
STRIVE
1
Sustainable Clubfoot Care in Bangladesh
1
T. da Encarnação Sá-Guimarães, E. Seam Lima de Alvarenga et al.
1
T. Johnson, Ph.D., et al.
1
Takarinda, Kudakwashe C., Lydia K. Madyira, Mutsa Mhangara, Victor Makaza, Memory Maphosa, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Peter H. Kilmarx, Tsitsi Mutasa-Apollo, Getrude Ncube, and Anthony D. Harries
1
TDR
1
TDR Program
1
Teklemariam M., Assefa A., Kassa M., et al.
1
The Alliance for children protection in humanitarian action
1
The Assessment Capacities Project and Emergency Capacity Building Project
1
The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
1
The Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) Global Cohort Collaboration
1
The Department of Social Development
1
The Ethiopian Public Health Institute
1
The European Respiratory Journal
1
The Focus Group Consulting
1
The Global Fund To fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
1
The Independent Panel
1
The Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Healt
1
The Lancet
1
The Lancet Commissions
1
The Lancet Global Health
1
The Lancet Regional Health - Americas
1
The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health
1
The Republic of Malawi
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Health
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Department of Health, Child Health Division
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Department of Health, National AIDS Programme
1
The Sphere Project
1
The Women´s Health Council
1
Tigrey Health Bureau
1
Tjaden, N.B.
1
Towards a Safer World
1
Treat Asia (Therapeutics Research, Education, AIDS Training)
1
Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Zambia, DHS
1
Tudorache, E. et al.
1
Turco, J.V. et al.
1
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
1
U.S. Global Malaria Coordinator
1
U.S. Government
1
U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
1
UN Children´s Fund
1
UN Development Programme
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Government of Madagascar, UN Country Team in Madagascar
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN Resident Coordinator for Mozambique, UN Country Team in Mozambique
1
UN Women, UNFPA
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
1
UNCT Mozambique
1
UNFPA East and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO)
1
UNICEF and UNFPA
1
UNIECF
1
UNITAID
1
Unitaid (Innovation in Global Health)
1
UNITAID Secretariat, World Health Organization
1
Unite for Children
1
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
1
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Bangladesh
1
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
1
United Nations Office on Drug and Crime UNODC
1
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Regional Office for Central Asia)
1
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
1
United Nations Population Fund
1
United States Agency for International Development
1
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
UNOPS
1
UpToDate
1
Ursula M Read, Edward Adiibokah and Solomon Nyame
1
US Embassy Freetown
1
USAID (From the American People)
1
USAID (U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief)
1
USAID, Health Systems 20
1
Üstün, T.B., Kostanjsek, N., Chatterji, S. & Rehm, J.
1
V. Fragola
1
Vaartjes, I.C.H.
1
Vaduganathan, M.
1
Valerie Karr et al.
1
Vaughan, P.
1
Velho Barreto de Araújo, T.
1
Verhoeven, J.I.
1
Vincent Gooskens
1
Wagner, U. et al.
1
Wakefield, M.K.
1
Wamai, R.
1
Wardlaw, Tessa M.
1
WASH Cluster
1
Welburn S. C., Beange I. et al
1
WHO Regional Office for Europe (WHO
1
WHO Europe
1
WHO Regional Office for Africa
1
WHO Western Pacific, Manila, and WHO South-East Asia, New Delhi
1
WHO, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, South African Medical Research Council
1
WHO, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and the International Trachoma Initiative
1
WHO, UNICEF
1
WHO-AIMS
1
Wiedenmayer, K. et al.
1
Williams, D.
1
Williams, Phoebe CM.
1
Wisner, B
1
Wolters Kluwer Health
1
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
1
Wonder Goredema Jane Briggs Mupela Ntengu, et al.
1
Woodhead M., F. Blasi, S. Ewig, et al.
1
Word Health Organization WHO
1
Word Health Organization/ Regional Office of South-East Asia
1
World Bank et al.
1
World Bank, et al.
1
World Diabetes Foundation
1
World Economic Forum et al.
1
World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office of the Western Pacific
1
World Health Organisation, International Labour Organization
1
World Health Organitarion
1
World Health Organization WHO
1
World Health Organization (Bangladesh)
1
World Health Organization (Regional Office for South-East-Asia)
1
World Health Organization (Western Pacific Region)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse
1
World Health Organization (WHO), International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), International Water Association (IWA)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Kenya Country Office
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Working Group on Monitoring and Evaluation
1
World Health Organization (WHO)
1
World Health Organization (World Health Organization WHO)
1
World Health Organization - Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean
1
World Health Organization Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, et al.
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean Region
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Western Pacific
1
World Health Organization WHO, SAGE
1
World Health Organization WHO, Stop TB
1
World Health Organization WHO, UNICEF
1
World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean
1
World Health Organization, Europe
1
World Health Organization, Global Polio Eradication Initiative
1
World Health Organization, ISDR, EU
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office Africa
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization, WFN
1
World Organisation for Animal Health WOAH
1
Worldometer
1
Write State University Dayton
1
Yale, G.
1
Yaria, J.
1
Yotsu,R.R.
1
Yusuf, S.
1
Z. Jarrah, A. Lee, K. Wright, K. Schulkers, D. Collins
1
Zaidel, E.J.
1
Ziaggi, G.
1
ВОЗ и Международная организация по проблемам болезни Альцгеймера
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (Европейское)
1
Г-жа M. Mansfeld
1
Г-н Z. T. Gavry
1
Д-р M. Dara
1
Департамент по ВИЧ/СПИД, Департамент «Остановить ТБ», Всемирная организация здравоохранения
1
Е.А. Катунина, Ю.Н. Бездольный
1
Камкин Евгений Геннадьевич, Костенко Наталья Алексеевна et. al.
1
Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации
1
Российский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Кафедра неврологии и нейрохирургии лечебного факультета д.м.н., доцент Е.А. Катунина, к.м.н. Ю.Н. Бездольный
1
Сильвия Бразилиану, Патрисия Хохграф , Абдула Диуф et al.
he National Department of Health (NDOH) presents this Malaria Elimination Strategic
Plan 2019-2023 for the Republic of South Africa. The strategy comes at an important time
as the Southern African Development Community (SADC) heads of state have recently
renewed the commitment to eliminate malari...a in Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia and South
Africa by 2020 and in the whole SADC region by 2030, with the target of zero local malaria
cases and deaths. South Africa has made steady progress towards this elimination goal
through the implementation of evidence-based malaria policies aligned to the World Health
Organization’s (WHO) Global Technical Strategy.more
To meet our Strategy objectives and get within reach
of the 2030 SDG 3 target related to the three diseases,
the Global Fund needs to raise US$18 billion for the
Eighth Replenishment. That sum is essential to drive the
required pace of progress in the fight against HIV, TB
and malaria, and to m...aintain the necessary investments
in health and community systems.more
Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) is essential for the effective control, prevention and elimination of malaria. The 2018–2030 Strategic Framework for Malaria SBCC guides countries and partners in strengthening capacities, refining strategies and sharing best practices, all of which... are aligned with the WHO Global Technical Strategy for Malaria. Despite progress, malaria continues to threaten billions of people, and success hinges on access to interventions and behavioural change. This framework emphasises advocacy, technical guidance and tools to ensure that SBCC is prioritised and resourced as an essential element in the global fight against malaria.more
This UNHCR guidance note provides comprehensive recommendations for the prevention and control of malaria in refugee settings worldwide. Aligned with the WHO Global Technical Strategy for Malaria, it outlines strategies to ensure access to effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment, implement sus...tainable transmission reduction measures and strengthen surveillance systems. The document is intended as a practical resource for humanitarian actors, public health officials and partners involved in planning and implementing malaria programmes in refugee operations, with the aim of reducing malaria-related morbidity and mortality among vulnerable populations.more
The National Strategic Plan for Malaria Elimination 2021–2025 outlines Bangladesh’s roadmap to achieve zero indigenous malaria cases by 2030, with an interim goal to reduce transmission to near-zero levels by 2025. The strategy builds upon earlier successes in malaria control and shifts focus to...ward elimination in both high- and low-endemic areas.
The plan emphasizes five core objectives: ensuring universal access to quality malaria prevention and treatment services, strengthening surveillance and case detection systems, improving vector control through long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), building community engagement, and enhancing program governance and accountability.
High-priority districts, especially in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, are targeted for intensified interventions, including active case detection and tailored outreach to mobile and vulnerable populations. The strategy also calls for robust health systems support, cross-border collaboration, and integration of malaria services into broader primary health care.
This document serves as Bangladesh’s strategic foundation to transition from malaria control to phased elimination, in line with national and global targets.more
The Manual for Indoor Residual Spraying in Urban Areas for Aedes aegypti Control is intended not only for operational personnel and middle and senior management of programs responsible for the prevention and control of Aedes-borne diseases, but also for the academic community involved in Aedes resea...rch, private pest control personnel, and the general public.more
This training module on malaria case management has been developed to support the staff involved in malaria control and elimination programmes in the effective organization of malaria diagnosis and case management services
The Manual for Parasitological Surveillance in Prevention of Reintroduction or Re-establishment of Malaria in Sri Lanka (2019) provides guidelines to health professionals on how to conduct effective malaria surveillance to prevent the reintroduction of the disease in Sri Lanka, which was certified m...alaria-free in 2016.
The manual outlines strategies for active and passive case detection, laboratory diagnosis, case investigation, foci investigation, and follow-up measures. It emphasizes targeted screening of high-risk populations, including travelers and migrant workers, and explains the importance of prompt reporting, accurate parasitological confirmation, and coordination between healthcare levels. The overall goal is to maintain Sri Lanka’s malaria-free status by ensuring early detection and rapid response to any imported or locally suspected malaria cases.more
The National Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan (NMESP) 2024–2028 of Ghana outlines the country’s roadmap to shift from malaria control to elimination. Despite major progress—like reducing malaria deaths from nearly 2,800 in 2012 to 151 in 2022—malaria remains a major public health challenge... in Ghana.
The plan aims to reduce malaria deaths by 90% and cases by 50% by 2028 (compared to 2022), and to eliminate malaria entirely in 21 low-burden districts. It includes a mix of interventions such as insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, seasonal chemoprevention, malaria vaccination, and strong surveillance systems.
The strategy is tailored to the local malaria burden, promotes community engagement, relies on multisectoral partnerships, and ensures adequate resource mobilization. Its ultimate goal is to protect Ghana’s population, improve public health, and support the country’s socioeconomic development.more
The new WHO guidelines provide clinical management recommendations for four of the most widespread arboviruses affecting humans: dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever.
An integrated approach is vital, as these four diseases often present with similar symptoms, especially in the early stages... of infection, and multiple arboviruses may circulate simultaneously in certain regions. This makes clinical differentiation challenging, particularly where diagnostic testing is not readily available.
This guideline is available in online format on the MAGICapp platformmore
Buruli ulcer (BU) is a skin-related neglected tropical disease (skin NTD) caused by infection with
Mycobacterium ulcerans. BU is the third most common mycobacterial disease after tuberculosis and leprosy
in people who are not immunocompromised. The infection manifests in non-ulcerative forms as no...dules,
plaques and/or oedemas, which ulcerate within 4–6 weeks and display characteristic undermined edges and yellowish-white necrotic slough . Most lesions occur on the lower limbs.more
Exposure to air pollution has significant adverse health effects, leading to nearly 1 in every 8 deaths globally. Air pollution affects all age groups, from unborn children to older people, in both high- and low-income nations.