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3
Un évènement de santé publique grave (PHE) consiste en une flambée quelconque ou en toute
autre situation en évolution rapide qui peut avoir un impact négatif sur la santé humaine et exiger
une évaluation et des actions immédiates. Le terme prend en compte tout évènement n’ayant pas
...
encore entraîné la maladie chez l’homme mais susceptible de la causer à travers une exposition à
des environnements, des produits manufacturés, des animaux, de l’eau ou de la nourriture infectés
ou contaminés. Le Règlement sanitaire international (2005) entend par «risque pour la santé
publique», «la probabilité d’un événement qui peut nuire à la santé des populations humaines,
plus particulièrement d’un événement pouvant se propager au niveau international ou présenter
un danger grave et direct.»
more
Ce Manuel est destiné aux jeunes médecins, aux paramédicaux et aux étudiants qui sollicitent régulièrement la consultation d’un ouvrage pratique pouvant les orienter lors de leurs débuts en réanimation. Ce Manuel ne veut être ni un livre de référence exhaustif, ni un livret de recettes.
...
Il veut combiner des bases physiopathologiques simples à des recommandations
pratiques utiles en pratique courante. Les informations doivent souvent être complétées par d’autres sources. Cet ouvrage sera parfois trop en « franglais » aux yeux de certains. Il n’y a en tout cas aucun effort à trouver la traduction française de sigles et même de mots qui sont largement utilisés dans la littérature, et ainsi passés dans un langage que je qualifierai
d’international. J’espère que ce livre sera utile. Cette cinquième édition a permis certaines améliorations, largement dues aux remarques et critiques, qui sont toujours très appréciées.
more
L’infection d’une plaie demeure problématique pour les personnes présentant une plaie, leur famille et les professionnels de santé. L’infection d’une plaie peut entraîner un retard de la cicatrisation, de multiples visites aux services de soins et une durée
d’hospitalisation accrue.
...
Cela a un coût économique important et des répercussions négatives sur la qualité de vie de la personne présentant une plaie et de sa famille. Une identification précise et rapide des signes et symptômes d’infection de la plaie est essentielle pour sa prise en charge efficace.
more
Sexual exploitation, sexual abuse and sexual harassment (SEAH) violate the rights and wellbeing of the people we serve and the people with whom we serve. Such behaviours are directly in opposition to WHO’s values and our abiding responsibility to do no harm. WHO uses the umbrella term “sexual mi
...
sconduct” to encompass the full spectrum of prohibited and unwanted behaviour of a sexual nature (including rape and sexual assault) as described in WHO’s 2023 Policy for preventing and addressing sexual misconduct (1). This is because all such acts are prohibited – whether perpetrated by WHO’s own personnel or by implementing partners – and therefore constitute misconduct. The term sexual misconduct is also easier to communicate and translate, as
victims and survivors do not always understand the complicated acronyms and definitions used by the United Nations (UN) and the humanitarian sector. However, we use the terms sexual misconduct and SEAH interchangeably as required when we interact with UN and other stakeholders.
more
Human scabies is caused by an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). The microscopic scabies mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin where it lives and lays its eggs.
Scabies is found worldwide and affects people of all races and social classes. Scabi
...
es can spread rapidly under crowded conditions where close body and skin contact is frequent. Institutions such as nursing homes, extended-care facilities and prisons are often sites of scabies outbreaks. Child care facilities also are a common site of scabies infestations.
more
Scabies is an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). The microscopic scabies mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin where it lives and lays its eggs. The most common symptoms of scabies are intense itching and
...
a pimple-like skin rash. The scabies mite usually is spread by direct, prolonged, skin-to-skin contact with a person who has scabies.
more
The purpose of this guide is to provide practical advice for health staff undertaking infectious disease preparedness and response activities to ensure that access to safe abortion care (SAC) is maintained when an infectious disease outbreak occurs. It is an operational guide which can serve to supp
...
ort health actors to maintain SAC services during outbreaks and ensure that necessary SAC considerations are integrated within outbreak responses; it is not a clinical guide. The locational focus of this document is humanitarian and fragile settings; however, recommendations may apply to infectious disease outbreaks in all low-resource populations. This guide is intended to complement Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Operational Guidance for Humanitarian and Fragile Settings.
more
As of 12 December 2022, over 645 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with COVID-19, with over 6.6 million deaths (4).
The Omicron variant, which emerged in late November 2021, and its subvariants, are now the dominant circulating viruses, contributing to the ongoing surge in several countr
...
ies (4). Vaccination has substantially reduced case numbers and hospitalizations in many countries,but limitations in global access to vaccines mean that many populations, including those in low- and middle-income countries, remain vulnerable. Even in vaccinated individuals, uncertainties remain about duration of protection and efficacy, and the degree of crossprotection with new variants.
There remains a need for more effective treatment and management for those affected by COVID-19. The pandemic – and the
explosion of both research and misinformation – has highlighted the need for trustworthy, accessible and regularly updated living
guidelines to place emerging findings into context and provide clear recommendations for clinical practice
more
Nigeria reported its first case of COVID-19 at the end of February 2020 and subsequently experienced
four waves, with peaks in June 2020 and January, August and December 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic
severely impacted the economy of Nigeria and caused disruption of health services nationwide. During
...
the crisis, many Nigerians failed to access routine health
services due to decreased income and lockdown
restrictions. The most significant service disruptions
were in maternal and newborn health, vaccination,
sick childcare, family planning and noncommunicable
disease treatment services (1). Pregnant women
were anxious about contracting COVID-19 during
2020, and as a result, many avoided attending health
facilities for antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC).
Disruptions in the medical supply chain and diversion
of resources to COVID-19 management impacted on
essential health services. Health workers were often
unable to go to work because of transport disruptions
or illness
more
Rabies is entirely preventable, and vaccines, medicines, tools and technologies have long been available to prevent people from dying of dog-mediated rabies. Nevertheless, rabies still kills about 60 000 people a year, of whom over 40% are children
...
under 15, mainly in rural areas of economically disadvantaged countries in Africa and Asia. Of all human cases, up to 99% are acquired from the bite of an infected dog.
more
El proyecto “Abordar las Enfermedades Infecciosas Desatendidas (EID) y las arbovirosis en el Chaco Paraguayo” ejecutado en el period 2017-2018 en el Chaco paraguayo por el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social de Paraguay (MSPyBS) con la cooperación técnica de la Representación en e
...
l Paraguay de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/ Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS) tiene como propósito generar evidencias sobre la capacidad de respuesta del país en esta zona geográfica, a fin de que permita establecer estrategias e intervenciones para fortalecer las capacidades existentes y facilite la toma de acciones oportunas para la prevención, el control y/o eliminación de este conjunto de enfermedades a la luz de los compromisos enmarcados en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2030, la Política Nacional de Salud 2030 y el Plan Estratégico de la OPS/OMS 2014-2019. El proyecto pretende lograr la implementación de un ambicioso sistema de vigilancia integrada (vigilancia epidemiológica, vigilancia de laboratorio y vigilancia entomológica) que proporcione datos de manera oportuna y eficaz para hacer frente a las arbovirosis y a las EID endémicas, como son en Paraguay la enfermedad de Chagas, leishmaniosis, helmintiasis transmitidas por el suelo, teniasis/cisticercosis, la lepra y de forma estratégica se ha incluido al dengue.
more
The new WHO recommendations for rabies immunization supersede the 2010 WHO position
on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for rabies. These updated
recommendations are based on new evidence and directed by public health needs that are cost-,
dose- and time-sparing
...
, while assuring safety and clinical effectiveness. In addition, new guidance on
prudent use of rabies immunoglobulins (RIG) is provided.
The following sections summarize the main points of the updated WHO position as endorsed by the
Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization (SAGE) at its meeting in October 20171. The full
version of the WHO position on rabies vaccines and immunoglobulins will be published in the Weekly
Epidemiological Record2 in April 2018.
Rabies prevention involves two main strategies: (i) dog vaccination to interrupt virus transmission to
humans; and (ii) human vaccination as a series of vaccine administrations before or after an exposure.
Currently, rabies vaccines made from inactivated cell cultures are extremely well tolerated and have no
contraindications.
more
Those who clean are the first line of defense against health care-associated infections (HAIs), and support efforts to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Strengthening the training of this important group can contribute to resolving many of today’s public health challenges. This is importan
...
t given that cleaning both surfaces and hands is vital to control the transmission of a number of HAIs.
This two-part training package targets those who clean heath care facilities.
The Trainer’s Guide takes the user through how to prepare, deliver and sustain an effective training for those who clean. The Modules and Resources provides instructions, definitions, photographs, posters and specific illustrations of recommended practices
The package can be used by those who deliver environmental cleaning training programmes and/or those with a background in IPC including ministries of health, nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions, experts working in Quality of care, IPC and environmental cleaning/ Water, sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Health facility IPC focal points and onsite cleaning supervisors
more
The fifth World Food Safety Day (WFSD) will be celebrated on 7 June 2023 to draw attention and inspire action to help prevent, detect and manage foodborne risks, contributing to food security, human health, economic prosperity, agricultural production, market access, tourism and sustainable developm
...
ent.
This publication is a guide for all those who want to get involved.
more
Rabies is entirely preventable, and vaccines, medicines, tools and technologies have long
been available to prevent people from dying of dog-mediated rabies. Nevertheless, rabies still
kills about 60 000 people a year, of whom over 40% are childre
...
n under 15, mainly in rural areas
of economically disadvantaged countries in Africa and Asia. Of all human cases, up to 99% are
acquired from the bite of an infected dog.
more
The incubation period (the time the virus spreads from the peripheral nerves near the site of the bite via the spinal cord to the brain – see transmission and pathogenesis) ranges in general between 2 and 3 month (2 weeks to 6 years are reported) depending on the site of infliction, the amount of
...
virus and the virus strain. Due to its neurotropism all known lyssaviruses cause severe neurological symptoms as a result of an acute encephalitis. Therefore, clinical signs in humans and animals are very similar.
more
El objetivo de esta nota conceptual y del marco que describe es la eliminación de un grupo de enfermedades transmisibles y los efectos negativos sobre la salud que generan que juntos crean una carga tangible en las personas afectadas, sus familias y comunidades, y en los sistemas de atención de sa
...
lud en toda la Región. Aunque no hay consenso sobre las mejores medidas que se deben usar para la salud de las personas y de acuerdo con la situación epidemiológica de un país, es habitual medir la carga de enfermedad mediante las tasas de enfermedad (incidencia, prevalencia, etc.), las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedad específica, las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad comparativas, la distribución geográfica y los años de vida ajustados en función de la discapacidad (AVAD)…. Se analiza la situación epidemiológica actual, incluidos los datos sobre tasas de enfermedad o distribución geográfica para las enfermedades del cuadro 1. Hotez et al. (2008) fueron los primeros en examinar y comparar la carga de los AVAD en América Latina y el Caribe para las ETD, la infección por el VIH/sida, la malaria y la tuberculosis como era hace unos diez años atrás. Aunque la carga regional de tuberculosis, malaria y enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas (EID) es algo menor a la de hace diez años, se sigue perdiendo la posibilidad de trabajar (y de asistir a la escuela) debido a la enfermedad y muerte prematura o discapacidad, y la necesidad de acelerar los esfuerzos para eliminar las enfermedades es evidente en todas las comunidades en situación de vulnerabilidad.
more
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is endemic in 21 countries of the Americas, where control is largely focused on elimination of the domestic insect vectors (Triatominae) coupled with measures to extend and improve the screening of blood donors in order to avoid tranfusional transmission. Th
...
rough national programmes and multinational initiatives coordinated by WHO-PAHO, much has been accomplished in these domains in terms of reducing transmission. Attention now turns to consolidating the successes in interrupting transmission, and improved treatment for those already infected and those who may become affected in the future. This article, based on technical discussions at the "Epidemiological and Sociological Determinants of Chagas Disease, Basic Information to Establish a Surveillance and Control Policy " meeting in Rio de Janeiro, is designed to open the debate on appropriate strategies for continuation of the successful initiatives against Chagas disease.
more
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect 1.45 billion people worldwide, and high intensity infections are associated with anemia, undernutrition and impaired cognition, particularly among children. Mathematical models suggest it may be possible to interrupt the transmission of STH in
...
a community by expanding mass drug administration (MDA) from targeted high-risk groups (primarily school-aged children and women of child-bearing age) to all community members with high coverage. The DeWorm3 Project will test the feasibility of this approach to interrupting the transmission of STH using a series of cluster randomized trials in Benin, India and Malawi. Each study area (population 80,000) will be divided into 40 clusters and randomized to community-wide or standard-of-care targeted MDA for three years. Two years following the final round of MDA, prevalence of STH will be compared between arms and transmission interruption assessed in each cluster. The DeWorm3 trials will provide stakeholders with information regarding the potential to switch from STH control to a more ambitious and sustainable strategy.
more
La schistosomiase humaine est une maladie parasitaire chronique et aigüe causée par une infection par des douves du sang (vers trématodes) du genre Schistosoma. Cette maladie est un problème de santé publique dans les zones tropicales et
subtropicales d’Afrique, d’Asie, des Caraïbes et d
...
Amérique du Sud. Environ 779 millions de personnes sont exposées au risque de contracter l’infection (1). Quelque 236,6 millions de personnes avaient besoin d’une chimiothérapie préventive en 2019
(2).La schistosomiase est une maladie tropicale négligée (MTN), un groupe de diverses maladies et affections qui touchent principalement les populations à faible revenu dansle monde entier
more
