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COVID-19 and Climate-smart Health Care: Health Sector Opportunities for a Synergistic Response to the COVID-19 and Climate Crises - World

The World Bank (2021) C2

English Analysis on World about Climate Change and Environment, Health and Epidemic; published on 03 Nov 2021 by World Bank

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Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh: Health Sector Bulletin No. 15, Reporting period: April to June 2021

World Health Organization (WHO) (2021) C_WHO

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Action global health advocacy partnership

M. Slutsker ACTION global health advocacy partnership; ACTION partner oranizations (2016) C2

From policy to practice: how the TB-HIV response is working “The HIV community must place much more focus on TB co-infection than it has done to date. TB takes the lives of over 1000 people living with HIV every day, a number which is absolutely unacceptable. This report highlights that TB d... more

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Progressing the Sustainable Development Goals through Health in All Policies: Case studies from around the world

Lin V.; Kickbusch I.; Baer B. World Health Organisation WHO (2021) C_WHO

Health in All Policies (HiAP) is not a new concept. While the term “HiAP” has received much attention since the 1990s, the concept of working across sectors of government for improved population health and wellbeing is much older than that. Over the last few decades the term has been applied t... more

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Modelling COVID-19 vaccination status and adherence to public health and social measures, Eastern Mediterranean Region and Algeria

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The introduction of vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) added another measure to the existing set of recommended preventive measures (wearing a mask in public, keeping a distance from other people and regular handwashing). The roll-out of the vaccines, however, raised concerns that vac... more

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Health workers’ experiences of coping with the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone’s health system: a qualitative study

Joanna Raven, H. Wurie and S. Witter BMC Health Services Research (2018) CC

BMC Health Services Research BMC series – open, inclusive and trusted201818:251; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3072-3

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Migration of South African health workers: the extent to which financial considerations influence internal flows and external movements

George, G., Atujuna, M. & Gow, J. BMC Health Services Research (2013) CC

Research Article

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Health in the sustainable development goals: where are we now in the South-East Region? What next?

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia (2016) C_WHO

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Behaviour change techniques for promoting mental health

World Health Organization (2012) C_WHO

Q13: What is the effectiveness of behaviour change techniques including life skills education in promoting mental health for children and adolescents?

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Operational Framework for Primary Health Care - Transforming Vision Into Action

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Primary health care, as outlined in the 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata and again 40 years later in the 2018 WHO/UNICEF document A vision for primary health care in the 21st century: towards universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals, is a whole-of-government and whole-of-society a... more

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Revitalizing Primary Health Care Country Experience: Nepal

Ministry of Health, Government of Nepal (2014) C1

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Community-based Reports of Co-Morbidity, Co-mortality, and Health-Seeking Behaviors in Four Monrovia Communities During the West African Ebola Epidemic

Sharon Abramowitz, Kristen McLean, Josephine Monger, Kodjo Tehoungue, Sarah McKune, Mosoka Fallah, Patricia Omidian Ebola Anthropology Platform (2015)

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Reducing Antimicrobial Discharges from Food Systems, Manufacturing Facilities and Human Health Systems into the Environment

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Call to action by the Global Leaders Group on Antimicrobial Resistance on reducing antimicrobial discharges from food systems, manufacturing facilities and human health systems into the environment.

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Nigeria: National Health Bill 2014

Federal Republic of Nigeria (2014) C1

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National Health- Care Waste Management Plan 2015-2019

Ministry of Health, Zambia (2015) C1

This document has been developed as a guide to allinstitutions producing health care waste in planning and implementation of interventions that will reduce mismanagement of hazardous waste in Zambia.The National Health-Care Waste Management Plan for 2015 to 2019 provides an overv... more

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Kenya: Health Information System Policy

Ministry of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (2016) C1

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SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing for public health goals: Interim guidance, 8 January 2021

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

The growing understanding of how sequence information can contribute to improved public health is driving global investments in sequencing facilities and programmes. The falling cost and complexity of generating GSD provides opportunities for expanding sequencing capacity; however, challenges to wid... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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HEALTH SECTOR STRATEGIC AND INVESTMENT PLAN (KHSSP) JULY 2013-JUNE 2017

Ministry of Medical Services and Ministry of Public Health & Sanitation, Republic of Kenya (2013) C1

Transforming Health: Accelerating attainment of Health Goals | THE SECOND MEDIUM TERM PLAN FOR HEALTH