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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Newborn Health Interventions and Challenges for Implementation in Nepal.

Khatri RB, Mishra SR, Khanal V, Gelal K and Neupane S Front. Public Health (2016) CC

Neonatal mortality is a major challenge in reducing child mortality rates in Nepal. Despite efforts by the Government of Nepal, data from the last three demographic and health surveys show a rise in the contribution of neonatal deaths to infant and child mortality. The Government of Nepal has implem... more

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Antibiotic stewardship interventions in hospitals in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Van Dijck C., Vlieghe E., Cox J.A. Bulletin of the World Health Organization (2018) C_WHO

Objective: To review the effectiveness of antibiotic stewardship interventions in hospitals in low- and middle-income countries.

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Legislation and Policies for Inclusive Education. Webinar 3. Companion Technical Booklet

Lansdawn, G. UNICEF (2014)

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Review of existing laws and policies in Lesotho to determine harmony with United Nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities

Lesotho National Federation of Organisations of Disabled (LNFOD) (2015) C2

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The Way Forward to Strengthened Policies and Practices for Unaccompanied and Separated Children in Europe

UNHCR, UNICEF, IRC (2017) C1

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Integrating psychosocial interventions and support into HIV services for adolescents and young adults

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Adolescence, defined as the period between 10 and 19 years of age, is a developmental stage during which many psychosocial and mental health challenges emerge. There is a well-established link between mental health and HIV outcomes. Adolescents and young adults living with HIV typically have additio... more

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Toolkit for monitoring and evaluation of interventions for sex workers

World Health Organization (South East Asia Region; Western Pacific Region) (2009) C_WHO

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WHO Guideline on self-care interventions for health and well-being

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

Self-care interventions are among the most promising and exciting new approaches to improve health and well-being, both from a health systems perspective and for people who use these interventions. The World Health Organization (WHO) uses the following working definition of self-care: Self-care i... more

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Child and adolescent mental health policies and plans

Dr M.Funk; M. Belfer; N. Drew; et al. World Health Organization (2005) C_WHO

Mental Health Policy and Service Guidance Package Languages: Arabic, English, French, Chinese, Russian

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WHO consolidated guideline on self-care interventions for health: sexual and reproductive health and rights

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

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Key prevention and control interventions for reducing cancer burden in the WHO African Region

World Health Organization; Africa Region (2016) C_WHO

A handbook for leaders and managers

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Health Policies in Kenya and the new constitution for Vision 2030

Kibui A., Mugo R., Nyaga G., et al. (2015) C1

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Design and Implementation of a Community Health Worker HIV Treatment and Prevention Intervention in an HIV Hotspot Fishing Community in Rakai, Uganda

A. Long; I. Mbabali; H. E. Hutton et al. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care; Department of Health & Human Services USA (2017) C2

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2017 ; 16(5): 499–505. doi:10.1177/2325957417709089.

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Addressing violence against women in health policies and protocols in the Americas: A regional status report

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Violence against women and girls is widespread in the Region of the Americas, resulting in enormous consequences for the health and wellbeing of women and girls, their families and communities. These costs are unacceptable and they can be prevented through evidence-based action, including the health... more

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Refugees and migrants in times of COVID-19: mapping trends of public health and migration policies and practices

World Health Organization WHO (2021) CC

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Integration of mental health and HIV interventions

World Health Organization WHO, UNICEF (2022) C_WHO

This joint publication by UNAIDS and WHO emphasizes the importance of integrating HIV prevention, testing, treatment and care and mental health services for people living with HIV. It provides a compilation of tools, best practices, recommendations and guidelines that facilitate the integration of i... more

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Maximising the Nutritional Impact of Food Security and Livelihoods Interventions: A manual for field workers

Geraldine Le Cuziat, Geraldine; Mattinen, Hanna ACF International (2011) C1

This manual aims to provide practical guidance to field workers in order to maximise the nutritional impact of food security & livelihoods (FSL) interventions. This requires the systematic use of a ‘nutrition lens’ at each step of the project cycle and a close collaboration between sectors.

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WHO Guideline on self-care interventions for health and well-being, 2022 revision: executive summary
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

A global shortage of an estimated 18 million health workers is anticipated by 2030, a record 130 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, and there is the global threat of pandemics such as COVID-19. At least 400 million people worldwide lack access to the most essential health service... more

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IFRC Monitoring and evaluation framework for psychosocial support interventions – Toolbox

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC (2018) C2

The toolbox contains guidance and tools (sample templates) for data collection in M&E of PSS programmes. The tools can be adapted to PSS programme, depending upon target group, activities and scope. These are tools that may be useful for your programme and many are drawn from existing PSS programme ... more

WHO Guideline on self-care interventions for health and well-being, 2022 revision: executive summary recommended

WHO Guideline on self-care interventions for health and well-being, 2022 revision: executive summary
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