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Diphtheria - Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance Standards

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium species, mostly by toxin-producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae and rarely by toxin-producing strains of C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis. The most common type of diphtheria is classic respiratory diphtheria, whereby the exotoxin produced characteristicall... more

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Pre-referral treatment with rectal artesunate of children with suspected severe malaria: a field guide

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

Prompt, effective antimalarial treatment, and supportive care can substantially reduce the rate of mortality from severe malaria. However, many children in malaria-endemic countries do not have access to health facilities or a qualified health care provider and do not receive the necessary care in a... more

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“Tufwile Twasakamana” Ubwafya bufuma ku Mutofwe mu Kukowesha kwa Ncende pa Nsambu sha Bana mu musumba wa Kabwe, mu calo ca Zambia

Human Rights Watch (2019) C1

Children in Kabwe are especially at risk because they are more likely to ingest lead dust when playing in the soil, their brains and bodies are still developing, and they absorb four to five times as much lead as adults. The consequences for children who are exposed to high levels of lead and are no... more

Cardiovascular disease

National Health Service UK (2022) CC

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term for conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels. It's usually associated with a build-up of fatty deposits inside the arteries (atherosclerosis) and an increased risk of blood clots. It can also be associated with damage to arteries in organs such... more

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Test Tracker COVID-19

Find (2021) CC

Testing coverage is a critical component of pandemic response, providing a view on the data available to inform policy and monitor the effectiveness of public health measures. While many countries do not publish official numbers of tests conducted, others are doing this across individual websites, s... more

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Cholera. Key facts

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

The World Health Organization's cholera fact sheet provides essential information about cholera, an acute diarrheal infection caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae bacteria. The disease remains a global public health threat, particularly in areas lacking safe water and ... more

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Monkeypox Case Report Form (CRF) (Arabic)

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

21 July 2022. The Rapid Core CRF is designed to collect data obtained through examination, interview and review of hospital or clinic notes of patients with suspected, probable, or confirmed monkeypox infection. Data may be collected prospectively or retrospectively. The data collection period is ... more

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Key actions for National Societies on caring for volunteers in COVID-19

IFRC (2020) C1

Volunteers are impacted by COVID-19 like everyone else worldwide. They worry about being stigmatized by family and community members, fear contracting the virus, having to be in isolation or quarantine, losing colleagues etc. Volunteers may also be affected by witnessing the death of someone they su... more

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Cholera: General Information

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2023) C_CDC

The CDC's "About Cholera" webpage provides essential information on cholera, an intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It highlights that cholera is primarily spread through contaminated water and food, leading to severe diarrhea, dehydration, and potentially death if untreate... more

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World report on social determinants of health equity

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

The place where you live, the communities you belong to, your education level, ethnicity, race, income and gender, and whether you have a disability, all make a huge difference to how long you can expect to live a healthy life. People in the country with the highest life expectancy will, on av... more

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WHO guideline on the prevention of female genital mutilation and clinical management of complications

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

emale genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve the partial or total removal of external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons; the procedure has no health benefits . Moreover, the removal of or damage to healthy genital tissue interferes... more

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Integrated Management of Malaria Training - Health Workers Manual

The Ruepublic of Uganda - Ministry of Health (2019) C2

The "Integrated Management of Malaria Training – Health Worker’s Manual" is a practical guide developed by Uganda’s Ministry of Health to train healthcare workers at all levels in the effective diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and management of malaria. It aligns with national malaria treatme... more

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Providing an answer for the underserved: tackling malaria in pregnancy Video

Science Animated (2024) C2

This video highlights the significant risks that malaria poses to pregnant and breastfeeding women in malaria-endemic regions. It follows the stories of Angavu from Kenya, Moyinoluwa from Nigeria and Lamai from Thailand. It emphasises the severe consequences that malaria can have during pregnancy, i... more

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Palliative care The essential facts

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients (adults and children) and their families who are facing problems associated with life-threatening illness. It prevents and relieves suffering through the early identification, correct assessment and treatment of pain and ot... more

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Lao People’s Democratic Republic-WHO Country Cooperation Strategy 2024–2028

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

This country cooperation strategy (CCS) outlines how the World Health Organization (WHO) will work with the Lao People’s Democratic Republic over the next five years (2024–2028), supporting the implementation of the five-year health sector development plans and the Health Sector Reform Strategy ...2021–2030 to attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic experienced substantial economic growth in the 30 years prior to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, contributing to reduced poverty and significant progress toward the SDGs. However, the COVID-19 pandemic brought this development to a halt. It was anticipated that the COVID-19 recovery and the tremendous population growth in recent years would provide opportunities for a shift toward more sustainable and inclusive development in the years ahead. In 2023, however, the contrary was the case. Rural residents, including many ethnic minorities, continued to face marginalization because of limited access to education, health care and economic opportunities. Despite the challenges of COVID-19 and other disease outbreaks, the country has made significant improvements in health. Nonetheless, progress has been uneven and not everyone has benefited from these achievements. In the mountainous region, many people lack access to quality health care because of the unequal distribution of well-trained health-care workers. Preventable deaths due to poor-quality health care for children and newborns, infants and mothers remain a concern, as do communicable diseases such as sexually transmitted infections and tuberculosis. The increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases and the health impact of worsening climate change further heighten the need for strengthened and resilient health systems, which are at risk due to an underfunded health sector and weak economy. This CCS aims to address remaining and future challenges as well as health needs while creating an impact that is sustainable. It identifies three strategic priorities and nine deliverables (Table 1) to support the attainment of the national vision of Health for all by all, as articulated in the 9th Health Sector Development Plan 2021–2025. It contributes to the country’s goals to achieve universal health coverage, graduate from least developed country status by 2026 and attain SDGs by 2030. more

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National Guideline For Emergency Nutrition Intervention (May 2022)

Government of Ethiopia (2022) CC

Humanitarian crises exacerbate nutritional risks and often lead to an increase in acute malnutrition. Emergencies include both manmade (conflict) and natural disasters (floods, drought, cyclones, typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc.). Complex emergencies are combinations of both manmade a... more

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The SAFER initiative - A world free from alcohol related harm

World Health Organisation (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the SAFER initiative in 2018 to address the global health and societal challenges posed by alcohol-related harm. The initiative outlines five key strategies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and its associated consequences. These include strengthening... more

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Ending disease in Africa: vision, strategies and special initiatives, 2023-2030

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

While there has been real progress in addressing the burden of disease in the WHO African region, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the link between health, economics and security, as the region saw decades of progress threatened, including positive trends in decreasing inequality. In the Africa... more

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Strategic Framework for Enhancing Prevention and Control of mpox, 2024-2027

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Mpox continues to affect people around the world. A new framework released today by WHO will guide health authorities, communities and other stakeholders in preventing and controlling mpox outbreaks, eliminating human-to-human transmission of the disease, and reducing spillover of the virus from ani... more

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Air Pollution - WHO

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Accessed on 06.03.2022 Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sou... more