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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Narrowing the Gaps: The power of investing in the poorest children

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2017)

UNICEF analysis indicates that:
- Investments that increase access to high-impact health and nutrition interventions by poor groups have saved almost twice as many lives as equivalent investments in non-poor groups.
- Access to high-impact health and nutrition interventions has improved ra... more

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The Global Asthma Report 2022

Global Asthma Network (2022) CC2

The Global Asthma Report (GAR) 2022, prepared by the Global Asthma Network (GAN), is the fourth such report (others 2011, 2014, 2018). GAN builds upon the work of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (T... more

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GLI Guide to TB Specimen Referral Systems and Integrated Networks

Global Laboratory Initiative (GLI), Stop TB Partnership (2018) C1

This guide includes information relevant for tuberculosis (TB) program and laboratory managers, as well as Ministry of Health officials across disease programs interested in establishing integrated solutions for specimen referral. Though TB-focused in name, it offers integration-oriented assessment,... more

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Ending Cholera. A global roadmap to 2030
recommended

Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) (2017) C_WHO

Ending Cholera—A Global Roadmap to 2030 operationalises the new global strategy for cholera control at the country level and provides a concrete path toward a world in which cholera is no longer a threat to public health

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Impact of an online course on enhancing the diagnosis of Chagas disease in Latin America

Garcia-Zamora S.; López-Santi, R.; Sosa-Liprandi A. et al (2024) CC

Chagas disease poses a public health problem in Latin America, and the electrocardiogram is a crucial tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of this pathology. In this context, the aim of this study was to quantify the change in the ability to detect electrocardiographic patterns among healthcare p... more

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Guide to Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Dairy Production

International Dairy Federation (2013) C2

Antimicrobial agents play an indispensable role in animal health and welfare management. At the same time, the need for prudent use is obvious to ensure good food safety outcomes and to manage the potential risk of antimicrobial resistance. The emergence of multi-resistant bacteria is posing challen... more

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Guia de Vigilância Epidemiológica Covid-19: Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Nacional pela Doença pelo Coronavírus 2019 - Atualizado em 20/01/2022

Ministerio da Saude, Brasilia (2022) CC

Covid-19 Epidemiological Surveillance Guide: Public Health Emergency of National Importance for Coronavirus Disease 2019 - version 4

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Guidance to facilitate the integration of the refugee pharmacy workforce from Ukraine

International Pharmaceutical Federation FIP (2022) C2

Ukrainian Title: ІНСТРУКЦІЯ ДЛЯ ПІДТРИМКИ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ-БІЖЕНЦІВ З УКРАЇНИ This information is based on data provided by the All-Ukrainian Pharmaceutical Chamber (AUPC) to the International Pharmaceutic... more

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Burden of diabetes mellitus type 2 and its risk factors in Asia from 1990 to 2019: Updates from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study

Khazaei, Z.; Momenabadi, V.; Badrizadeh, A.; et al. Research Square (2023) CC

The mounting burden of type 2 diabetes is a major concern in healthcare systems worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of type 2 diabetes from 1990 to 2019 in Asia.

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TB and the NSP - Are we on track?

Spotlight NSP (2013) C2

NSP Review Engaging with South Africa’s National Strategic Plan for HIV, STIs and TB Edition 7 July – August 2013 A publication of the Treatment Action Campaign and SECTION27 GeneXpert: An imperfect rollout TB in South African prisons: Where to now? Decentralising DR-TB care: How far alon... more

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Uganda: Ebola Preparedness Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) - DREF Operation n° MDRUG041

International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (2018) C1

Following the declaration of the 9th Ebola Disease Outbreak (EVD) on 8 May 2018 by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Ministry of Health, the WHO has raised the alert for neighbouring countries of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) which share extensive borders, hosting DRC refugees and ... more

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Issue Brief Marburg virus disease (MVD)
recommended

The MEDBOX Team (2024) CC

Issue Brief No. 40 provides healthcare professionals with the most relevant treatment guidelines, prevention measures and training material on MVD

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Guide national pour la prise en charge et le soutien alimentaire et nutrionnels des personnes vivant avec le VIH en Haiti
recommended

Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Haiti Fanta project (2010) CC

FANTA provided technical support to Haiti’s Ministry of Public Health and Population for the development of national guidelines and an accompanying flipchart, which provide practical solutions to nutrition problems for people living with HIV, as well as guidance on nutritionally managing the sympt... more

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Protection Response Under the Restrictions of COVID-19

INTERSOS (2020) C1

COVID-19 pandemic has taken the entire world by surprise, creating the greatest global catastrophe since WWII, impacting all spheres of our societies, including health, economy, social protection, as well as security, and human rights. The virus affects people and communities indiscriminately in all... more

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Democratic Republic of the Congo Country Strategic Plan (2021–2024)

World Food Program WFP (2021) CC

Food and nutrition security in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is subject to the relentless impact of conflict, epidemics and climate events that have persisted in the country for decades, further compounded by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Lack of infrastructure and investment in agriculture, ... more

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What should I know about alcohol?

Schweizerisches Rotes Kreuz; AddictionSuisse (2019) C2

Alcohol can be a source of enjoyment. However, it can also be a drug or a source of addiction, with negative consequences for your health and the people around you. Accessed: 14.03.2019

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Risk Communication & Community Engagement: Practical Tips on Engaging Adolescents and Youth in the COVID-19 Response

reliefweb; Unicef (2020) C_UNICEF

The purpose of this brief is to provide practical tips for UNICEF country offices, partners and young people themselves on engaging adolescents and youth as part of the COVID-19 preparedness and response. As a first step, we recommend engaging with adolescents and youth to understand what their need... more

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Unintended Pregnancy and Induced Abortion In Burkina Faso: Causes and Consequences

Bankole A., Hussain R., Sedgh G. et. al. Guttmacher Institute (2014) C2

Induced abortion is permitted in Burkina Faso only to save the life and protect the health of a pregnant woman, or in cases of rape, incest, and severe fetal impairment. As a result, the vast majority of women who end unintended pregnancies do so in secrecy, out of fear of prosecution and to avoi... more

Ending Cholera. A global roadmap to 2030 recommended

Issue Brief Marburg virus disease (MVD) recommended

Guide national pour la prise en charge et le soutien alimentaire et nutrionnels des personnes vivant avec le VIH en Haiti recommended

Ending Cholera. A global roadmap to 2030
recommended

Issue Brief Marburg virus disease (MVD)
recommended

Guide national pour la prise en charge et le soutien alimentaire et nutrionnels des personnes vivant avec le VIH en Haiti
recommended