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1
Les piliers adoptés pour le plan AEVT sont les suivants : a) dépistage précoce chez les enfants exposés au VIH, à la syphilis et au VHB ; b) réduction des inégalités en matière de traitement chez les PBFW et les enfants exposés au VIH, à la syphilis et au VHB ; c) prévention des nouvelle
...
s infections par le VIH, la syphilis et le VHB chez les PBFW ; et d) élimination des obstacles à l'accès à des services intégrés. Sur la base de ces piliers, le plan AEVT guide la mobilisation politique pour franchir la dernière étape vers l'élimination de la transmission verticale du VIH, de la syphilis et du VHB en Afrique d'ici 2030
more
The paper “Artificial Intelligence for Public Health Surveillance in Africa: Applications and Opportunities” examines how artificial intelligence (AI) can improve public health systems across Africa, particularly in low-resource settings. It explores how machine learning and other AI techniques
...
are being used for disease detection, outbreak prediction, real-time surveillance, and health resource management.
The authors focus on major public health challenges such as HIV, cholera, Ebola, measles, tuberculosis, malaria, COVID-19, and mental health. Through numerous case studies, the paper shows that AI can enhance the accuracy and speed of disease detection, predict outbreaks more effectively than traditional methods, support vaccination strategies, and optimize healthcare resource allocation. At the same time, it discusses important barriers to implementation, including limited data quality, infrastructure constraints, ethical concerns, and shortages of technical expertise.
Overall, the paper highlights AI’s strong potential to strengthen disease surveillance and health outcomes in Africa while emphasizing the need for careful integration, improved data systems, and supportive policy frameworks.
more
As the number of transboundary pest and animal and foodborne disease outbreaks rises, so does the number of people who are chronically hungry due to these and other factors. The correlation can be explained by the link between our health and that of the planet. We rely on land and sea for the produc
...
tion of safe and quality foods for our daily nourishment. Pests and disease epidemics negatively impact the quality, quantity and safety of our food sources, and cripple economic growth and efficiencies in production. Furthermore, the epidemic and endemic levels of the pathogens and disease vectors can be difficult to control. This is why FAO stresses and promotes the special efforts required for cost-effective preventive measures rather than the more expensive control, disinfestation, treatment and disposal measures. When preventive measures are late or difficult, preparedness and contingency plans must be in place to enable rapid response. Early warning systems, based on close monitoring, surveillance, and timely reporting are fundamental to warn and empower communities to safeguard their livelihoods and assets by enhancing disease and pest prevention measures and for government services to take immediate measures to protect communities and national economies.
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Les maladies infectieuses sont en constante mutation. De nouvelles maladies apparaissent, d’autres qui sont bien connues se propagent ou refont surface, et quelques rares fois, une maladie est éradiquée. Les maladies infectieuses telles que le VIH, la tuberculose et le choléra sont des causes c
...
onsidérables de morbidité et de mortalité dans plusieurs régions du monde. Le personnel de la santé joue un rôle primordial, en ce qui concerne la protection de leurs clients contre les maladies infectieuses et leurs traitements en cas d’infection. Dans le cadre de leur travail, le personnel de santé accomplisse des tâches cliniques ou autres activités susceptibles de les exposer ainsi que leurs clients aux microorganismes – orga- nismes potentiellement infectieux. Bon nombre de ces clients sont malades et, par conséquent, sont plus vulnérables aux infections ou peuvent avoir des infec-tions susceptibles d’être transmises à d’autres personnes. Par chance, l’ensemble du personnel travaillant dans les services de santé est en mesure d’exécuter des procédés simples visant à minimiser le risque – vis-à-vis d’eux-mêmes et de leurs clients – et réduire la propagation des infections. Ces pratiques peuvent être intégrées à moindre frais dans les habitudes quotidiennes au sein des établissements de santé du monde entier. Ce guide de référence est spécialement conçu pour l’emploi à tous les niveaux du système sanitaire, depuis les plus grands hôpitaux jusqu’aux plus petits dispensaires ou centres de santé, dans des établissements où les ressources sont rares.Ce guide, publié pour la première fois en 1999, a été mis à jour. Bien que la plu-part des pratiques restent inchangées, il a fait l’objet de quelques modifications significatives – par exemple, concernant les recommandations liées au lavage des mains et aux précautions standard. Toutefois, ce guide continue de présenter des recommandations pratiques en matière de procédés simples et relativement peu coûteux pouvant être exécutés partout, à l’aide des matériels de base et des équi-pements de niveau technologique moyen.
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The Vaccination Demand Hub is a network of partner organizations innovating together to understand why people miss out and to improve acceptance and uptake of vaccines, to ensure that everyone everywhere is protected against vaccine preventable dise
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ases.
more
Use of Convalescent Whole Blood or Plasma Collected from Patients Recovered from Ebola Virus Disease for Transfusion, as an Empirical Treatment during Outbreaks
World Health Organization
(2014)
This interim guidance to national health authorities and blood transfusion services outlines the steps required to collect convalescent whole blood (CWB) or plasma (CP) from Ebola virus disease (EVD) recovered patients for transfusion to patients w
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ith early EVD, as an empirical treatment modality.
Document contents:
Guidance on donor selection, screening, donation and handling of blood and plasma units;
guidance on transfusion of convalescent whole blood or plasma;
other considerations.
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Les notes d’orientation décrivent les mesures essentielles que les décideurs nationaux et infranationaux peuvent mettre en place concernant les aspects suivants de la lutte contre la COVID-19 : les tests de diagnostic, la prise en charge clinique, la réalisation des cibles en matière de
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vaccination, le maintien des mesures de lutte anti-infectieuse liées à la maladie dans les établissements de soins de santé, les efforts
visant à instaurer la confiance par la communication sur les risques et la participation communautaire ainsi que la gestion de l’infodémie liée à la COVID-19.
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Summary of the main report: Direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 pandemic and response in South Asia .
It uses a series of exercises based on actual observed changes in services and intervention coverage to model impacts on mortality, hospita
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lizations, and ICU admissions due to COVID-19. It also models the impact of nationwide stay-at-home orders to curb the spread of COVID-19 on maternal and child mortality, educational attainment of children, and the region’s economy. The study focuses on South Asia’s six most populous countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and makes the case for interventions and strategies to minimise these indirect consequences.
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Emergency health kits
recommended
WHO has developed standardized health kits of medicines and medical supplies to meet different health needs in humanitarian emergencies and disasters.
These kits are developed to provide reliable and affordable medicines and supplies quickly to those in need. The kits are used by United Nations age
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ncies, nongovernmental organizations and national governments.
Based primarily on WHO’s Essential Medicines list and guidelines on treatment of specific medical conditions, the contents of the kits are frequently reviewed and updated to adapt to changing needs based on experience in emergency situations.
A certain number of kits are prepositioned in strategic locations to be mobilized quickly in times of need. Long term agreements with suppliers are also in place to ensure rapid shipment wherever needed.
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The WHO Cholera Vaccine Position Paper (August 2017) highlights the importance of oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) as a key tool in outbreak response and prevention, alongside water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) measures. It recommends OCVs for high-risk populations, endemic areas, and humanitarian cr
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ises, emphasizing their effectiveness in reducing cases and mortality. The paper discusses two types of OCVs (Dukoral®, Shanchol™, Euvichol®) and supports the WHO-managed vaccine stockpile for rapid deployment in cholera-prone regions.
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Smallpox eradication was certified in 1980. Mpox has been endemic in Central and West African countries since it was first detected in 1958 . It is a zoonosis; cases are often found close to tropical rainforests where various animals carry the orthopoxvirus that causes the disease. In endemic countr
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ies, most mpox infections in humans result from a primary animal-to-human transmission. Human-to-human transmission can result from close contact with respiratory secretions, skin lesions of an infected person, or recently contaminated objects. Transmission can also occur via the placenta from mother to fetus or through close contact during and after birth.
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The document "Combating False Information on Vaccines: A Guide for Health Workers" is designed to help health workers address vaccine misinformation. It begins by defining misinformation and explaining why it spreads rapidly, often due to its emotional appeal and simplistic explanations. The guide i
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dentifies common sources of vaccine misinformation, including influential individuals who profit from spreading false information. The document outlines strategies for combating misinformation, emphasizing the importance of health workers as trusted sources. It provides tips for identifying misinformation online, such as checking URLs, dates, and author credentials, and recognizing tactics like evoking strong emotions or pushing conspiracy theories. Two main approaches to fighting misinformation are discussed: prebunking and debunking. Prebunking involves warning individuals about potential misinformation before they encounter it, while debunking aims to correct false information after it has been consumed. The guide offers practical examples for both methods. Additionally, the document highlights the role of health workers in supporting peers and patients to trust immunization. It suggests being kind, nonjudgmental, and transparent when addressing concerns, and using motivational interviewing techniques to understand and respond to patients' doubts. Overall, the guide emphasizes the critical role of health workers in maintaining trust in vaccines and provides comprehensive strategies to identify, address, and prevent the spread of vaccine misinformation in clinical and community settings. The guide is a valuable resource for health workers to enhance their ability to combat vaccine misinformation, support informed decision-making, and promote trust in vaccines within their communities, and it addresses a pressing issue with practical solutions, supports trusted health workers, and ultimately aims to protect public health by promoting accurate information and trust in vaccines.
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National emergency medical teams are the best option for providing immediate and appropriate surge response for emergencies directly affecting populations, while international teams may help relieve overwhelmed health systems. The efficiency and effectiveness of countries and local authorities in mo
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bilizing existing resources is only as good as the quality of care they are able to provide. This publication serves as a practical guide for teams and aims to compliment emergency response systems, fostering seamless collaboration with all emergency response actors and networks
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The effective vaccine management (EVM) workshop, jointly organized by WHO and UNICEF, was attended by participants from 13 countries, who reviewed the various EVM benchmarks, identified the gaps in policies, guidelines, SOPs and job aids, and developed respective country action plans to fill these g
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aps. This meeting report outlines the proceedings and outcomes of the workshop conducted in Bangkok, Thailand, in December 2024
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Depuis 2010, la lutte contre le paludisme a permis de réaliser des progrès majeurs grâce à la distribution de moustiquaires, au diagnostic rapide, aux traitements à base d'artémisinine (ACT) et aux interventions préventives ciblées.
Due to the heterogeneous distribution of malaria transmission and its determinants, subnational tailoring (SNT) provides an analytical framework to facilitate the targeting of each population with appropriate intervention packages for maximum impact to inform national strategic planning and prioriti
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zation based on resources available. The WHO Global Malaria Programme recommends the use of subnational data on disease epidemiology and other relevant local contextual factors to facilitate the process of SNT. Once the strategies and intervention mixes have been defined, programmes can proceed to the prioritization of
interventions for effective programming, based on available resources
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Le mémoire porte sur la conception et la mise en œuvre d’une campagne de communication pour promouvoir la chimio-prévention du paludisme saisonnier (CPS) chez les enfants de 3 à 59 mois au Cameroun, une stratégie recommandée par l’OMS dans les zones de forte transmission saisonnière. L’
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auteure part du constat que, malgré l’introduction de la CPS dans certaines régions camerounaises, sa mise en œuvre reste confrontée à une faible appropriation communautaire, à des résistances sociales et à un manque de communication adaptée.
L’objectif du travail est de concevoir une stratégie de communication sociale et comportementale visant à renforcer l’adhésion des communautés à cette intervention. Le mémoire s’appuie sur une analyse situationnelle approfondie, intégrant des données épidémiologiques, socioculturelles et communicationnelles. Il propose ensuite une campagne ciblée, articulée autour de messages clairs, de canaux adaptés (radios communautaires, agents de santé, leaders locaux) et de supports visuels compréhensibles.
La campagne vise à sensibiliser les parents, en particulier les mères, sur les avantages de la CPS, à corriger les fausses croyances, à encourager l’observance du traitement, et à renforcer la confiance envers les agents communautaires. Le document inclut un plan opérationnel, des outils de suivi-évaluation et une stratégie de pérennisation.
En conclusion, le mémoire souligne l’importance d’une communication contextualisée et participative pour améliorer la couverture et l’efficacité de la chimio-prévention du paludisme chez les enfants au Cameroun.
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2023 was another year of significant progress in the fight against HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria. In countries where the Global
Fund invests, there has been a full recovery from the disruptive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results we have achieved in the last year build on our extraord
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inary track record of progress. Over the last two decades, our partnership has cut the combined death rate from AIDS, TB and malaria by 61%. As of the end of 2023, the Global Fund partnership has saved 65 million lives.
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Western Pacific surveillance and response journal: WPSAR Vol.14 No. 6, Special Edition, pp.1-17
The "National Guideline for Cholera Surveillance and Outbreak Response" by the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) provides a comprehensive approach to combating cholera outbreaks in Ethiopia. It emphasizes the importance of a multisectoral approach, including case management, WASH measures, an
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d the use of cholera vaccines. A key component is the establishment of Cholera Treatment Centers (CTCs) that provide 24/7 care. Additionally, the guideline stresses water quality monitoring and hygiene practices to prevent the spread of cholera and protect public health.
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