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Health Care Resource Utilization in Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the South African Public Health Sector: Protocol for a 1-Year Retrospective Analysis With a 5-, 10-, and 25-Year Pro

Bhana, S.; Naidoo, P.; Pillay, S.; et al. Jornal of Medical Internet Research JMIR Publication Published on 13.2.2023 in Vol 12 (2023) (2023) CC

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is less common than type 2 diabetes mellitus but is increasing in frequency in South Africa. It tends to affect younger individuals, and upon diagnosis, exogenous insulin is essential for survival. In South Africa, the health care system is divided into private and pu... more

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Cardiac Arrhythmias in Africa: Epidemiology, Management Challenges, and Perspectives

Bonny, A.; Ngantcha, M.; Scholtz, W. et al. Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019) CC

Africa is experiencing an increasing burden of cardiac arrhythmias. Unfortunately, the expanding need for appropriate care remains largely unmet because of inadequate funding, shortage of essential medical expertise, and the high cost of diagnostic equipment and treatment modalities. Thus, patients ... more

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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Monitoring asthma in children

Pijnenburg, M.W.; Baraldi, E.; Brand, P.L. et al. European Respiratory Journal (2015) CC

The goal of asthma treatment is to obtain clinical control and reduce future risks to the patient. To reach this goal in children with asthma, ongoing monitoring is essential. While all components of asthma, such as symptoms, lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, may exist i... more

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Guidance on social protection for people affected by tuberculosis

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

Social protection, a component of the World Health Organization (WHO)’s End TB strategy, has been upheld by Member States as an essential part of the response to tuberculosis in several political declarations, including the 2017 Moscow Declaration to End TB, and both the political declarations of ... more

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Countdown to 2015: tracking donor assistance to maternal, newborn, and child health

Powell-Jackson, T.; J. Borghi; D. Mueller et al. Lancet (2006) C1

Background: Timely reliable data on aid flows to maternal, newborn, and child health are essential for assessing the adequacy of current levels of funding, and to promote accountability among donors for attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for child and maternal health. We provide g... more

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The Lancet Global Health Commission on financing primary health care: putting people at the centre

Hanson C.; Brikci N.; Erlangga D. et al. The Lancet (2022) CC

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the need for well-functioning primary health care (PHC) into sharp focus. PHC is the best platform for providing basic health interventions (including effective management of non-communicable diseases) and essential public health functions. PHC is widely recognised ... more

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Measuring development assistance for health systems strengthening and health security: an analysis using the Creditor Reporting System database

Kraus J.; Yamey G.; Schäferhoff M. et al. F1000 Research (2020) CC

Health systems strengthening (HSS) and health security are two pillars of universal health coverage (UHC). Investments in these areas are essential for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals and are of heightened relevance given the emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This... more

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Tracking Official Development Assistance for Reproductive Health in Conflict-Affected Countries

Patel P.; Roberts B.; Gury S. et al. PLOS Medecine (2009) CC

Reproductive health needs are particularly acute in countries affected by armed conflict. Reliable information on aid investment for reproductive health in these countries is essential for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of aid. The purpose of this study was to analyse official developm... more

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WASH FIT: A practical guide for improving quality of care through water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities (Second edition)

UN Children's Fund UNICEF; World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

Fully functioning water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and health care waste management services are a critical aspect of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices, and ensuring patient safety and quality of care. Such services are also essential for creating an environment that supports the dig... more

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Clean household energy policy and programme planning guide

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Exposure to household air pollution (HAP) is one of the greatest environmental risks to human health worldwide. Policies to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking, heating and lighting are essential for reducing HAP and the enormous burden of disease it causes and for lowering climate-warming emis... more

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Nicotine- and tobacco-free school guide 2023

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Tobacco has negative implications for the environment, the economy and the health of both smokers and non-smokers. All people have a fundamental right to breathe clean air, and tobacco-free environments are essential to guaranteeing this right. This includes protection in outdoor spaces. Whether sit... more

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WHO Global water, sanitation and hygiene: Annual report 2022

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

This report summarizes the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global work on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) during 2022. It describes how the Organization continued to deliver its essential WASH programming as elaborated in its 2018–2025 strategy.

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Primary health care and HIV: convergent actions - Policy considerations for decision-makers

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

The 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals call on countries to end AIDS as a public health threat and also to achieve universal health coverage. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes primary health care (PHC) as the key mechanism for achieving universal health coverage, and the PH... more

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Health should not be a privilege for the rich—the right to health belongs to everyone

UNAIDS (2020) CC

UNAIDS is calling on governments to ensure that the right to health is realized by all by prioritizing public investments in health. At least half of the world’s population cannot access essential health services. Every two minutes a woman dies while giving birth. Among the people being left behin... more

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Continental Framework on Strengthening Mortality Surveillance Systems in Africa

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The importance of robust mortality surveillance systems cannot be overstated in an era marked by increasing global health challenges where health threats loom large and population dynamics continue to evolve. Accurate and timely mortality data is essential for identifying trends and detecting emergi... more

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Supporting the routine use of evidence during the policy-making process: a WHO checklist

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

This checklist is for any organization or person supporting the routine use of evidence in the process of policy-making. Evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM) is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and universal health coverage (UHC). Its importance is emphasized in WH... more

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Core and Reference Indicators for Monitoring Traditional and Complementary Medicine in South-East Asia

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia (2017) C_WHO

The document contains a set of indicators that can be used for monitoring traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) systems in a country. The core indicator set consists of 16 indicators that were considered essential and collectively able to provide information on T&CM inputs, processes and ou... more

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Access to controlled medicines for pain management in the WHO South-East Asia Region

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The availability of controlled medicines is crucial for patients requiring palliative care, pain relief and symptom management. Many individuals worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries, continue to experience limited access to these essential medicines. Enhancing access to controll... more

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Haiti's Health Emergency Appeal 2023
recommended

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

For the past years, Haiti has been engulfed in a socioeconomic, political, and humanitarian crisis that has reached critical levels since mid-September 2022 with the intensification of gang violence and social unrest. The widespread insecurity and political instability have drastically affected the... more

Haiti's Health Emergency Appeal 2023 recommended

Haiti's Health Emergency Appeal 2023
recommended