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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde...d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

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Mass Casualty Management Systems. Strategies and guidelines for building health sector capacity

Health Action in Crisis Word Health Organization (2007)

Disaster planning - organization and administration. 2.Emergency medical services - methods. 3.Emergency medical services - organization and administration. 4.Emergencies. 5.Health policy. 6.Health facilities.7.Guidelines.

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WHO Country Cooperation Strategy 2017-2021, Zambia

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Africa (2017) C_WHO

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Syrian Public Health after COVID-19: Entry Points and Lessons Learned from the Pan

Center for Operational Analysis and Research COAR (2021) CC

March 2021

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State of the 2020 World's Nursing - Investing in education, jobs and leadership

World Health Organization WHO (2020) CC

The State of the world’s nursing 2020 report provides the latest, most up-to-date evidence on and policy options for the global nursing workforce.

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A Systematic Review of Public Health Emergency Operations Centres (EOC)

Nunn, Marc Word Health Organization (2014)

A public health emergency operations centre (EOC) is a central location for coordinating operational information and resources for strategic management of pugencies and events. EOCs provide communication and information tools and services blic health emer- and a management system during a response ... more

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Green Response: Green Logistics Guide - Tips to deliver humanitarian assistance in a more environmentally sustainable way

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC (2023) CC

In line with the Climate and Environment Charter for Humanitarian Organisations which IFRC, ICRC and various Red Cross Red Crescent National Societies have endorsed, this short Guide aims to help practitioners integrate environmental and climate change considerations into their work. It has been dev... more

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Planning Guidance for Response to a Nuclear Detonation

Interagency Policy Coordination Subcommitee for Preparedness & Response to Radiological and Nuclear Threats (2010)

The purpose of this guidance is to provide emergency planners with nuclear detonationspecific response recommendations to maximize the preservation of life in the event of an urban nuclear detonation. This guidance addresses the unique effects and impacts of a nuclear detonation such as scale of ... more

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The Central African Republic crisis: March 2016

Nathalia Dukhan GSDRC (2016) CC

This report provides a synthesis of some of the most recent, high-quality literature on the security and political processes in Central African Republic produced up to the end of January 2016. It was prepared for the European Union’s Instrument Contributing to Stability and Peace, © European Unio... more

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Putting HIV and HCV to the test - A product guide for point-of-care CD4 tests and laboratory-based and point-of-care HIV and HCV viral load tests

Medecins Sans Frontieres (Access Campaign) (2017) C2

3rd Edition – July 2017 www.msfaccess.org

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COVID-19 and the Displaced:Addressing the Threat of the Novel Coronavirus in Humanitarian Emergencies

Refugees International (2020) C1

Novel coronavirus will disproportionately impact world’s 70 million displaced people Report recommends stopping asylum seeker deportations, prioritising hygiene and refugee camp decongestion, better communication Displaced people must be included in prevention, mitigation efforts - for s... more

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Guidelines for long-lasting insecticidal nets care, repurposing and disposal

Ministry of Health Uganda, WHO Uganda WHO Regional Office for Africa (2019) C_WHO

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Mali: Ebola virus disease preparedness EPOA: Final Report Operation n° MDRML010

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies; (2015)

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The regional professional regulatory framework for nursing and midwifery

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa (2016) C_WHO

Creating a common approach ro regulation, educational preparation and practice: future direction for nursing & midwifery development in the African Region

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Nepal Earthquake Response: Lessons for operational agencies
recommended

David Sanderson and Ben Ramalingam ALNAP (2015) CC

In the aftermath of the April 2015 earthquake in Nepal, this paper looks at lessons drawn from previous comparable disasters and seeks to provide invaluable information and assistance to the operational agencies responding to the crisis.

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COVID-19: Strategic preparedness and response plan for WHO African Region 1 February 2021-31 January 2022 (Update of 16 April 2021)

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa; UNICEF (2021) C_WHO

The 2021 COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP) for AFR serves as a regional guide for a holistic public health response to COVID‑19 at regional, national and sub-national levels. The 2021 SPRP: 1. Builds upon the lessons learnt from the implementation of the 2020 SPRP and outl... more

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Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Senegal: Ebola Virus Disease

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies; Canadian Red Cross (2014)

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Namibia: National Public Health Laboratory Policy

Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) (2012) C1

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Emergency in Ukraine: external situation report
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Here you can download the latest Situation Reports Weekly updates on the current situation in Ukraine and refugee-receiving countries, priority public health concerns and WHO’s actions to rapidly respond to the health emergency triggered by the conflict and to minimize disruptions to the delivery... more

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Cost–effectiveness of community-based practitioner programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya

Barbara McPake, Ijeoma Edoka, Sophie Witter, et al. World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) C_WHO

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Volume 93, Number 9, September 2015, 589-664

Nepal Earthquake Response: Lessons for operational agencies recommended

Emergency in Ukraine: external situation report recommended

Nepal Earthquake Response: Lessons for operational agencies
recommended

Emergency in Ukraine: external situation report
recommended