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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Guidelines for Using the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Test for Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection, United States

G. H. Mazurek, J. Jereb, P. LoBue et. al Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005) C_CDC

MMWR. Recommendations and Reports: December 16, 2005 / 54(RR15);49-55

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Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand
recommended

Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani. Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team (2020) C1

The global impact of COVID-19 has been profound, and the public health threat it represents is the most serious seen in a respiratory virus since the 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Here we present the results of epidemiological modelling which has informed policymaking in the UK and other countries i... more

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European guideline on the management of syphilis

M. Janier, V. Hegyi, N. Dupin et al (2014)

J. European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 4 August 2014

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The malaria testing and treatment landscape in Benin

Zinsou, C.; A. Bello Cherifath ACT Watch Group et al (2017) C1

Malar J (2017) 16:174 DOI 10.1186/s12936-017-1808-x Background: Since 2004, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Benin. In 2016, a medicine outlet survey was implemented to investigate the availability, price, and market share of... more

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Clinical quality and patient safety in child and adolescent mental health

Fung; D.; C. M. Chern; T. Z. Ting Fang IACAPAP (2019) C2

Miscellaneous Chapter J.8

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Urban social stress e Risk factor for mental disorders. The case of schizophrenia

Florian Lederbogen, Leila Haddad, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg (2013) C2

Environmental Pollution http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.046

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Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection—focus on the Asia-Pacific region

Q.M. Trinh; H.L. Nguyen; V.N. Nguyen International Journal of Infectious Diseases; Elsevier Ltd (2014) C2

International Journal of Infectious Diseases 32 (2015) 170–178 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.11.023 1201-9712/ß 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:... more

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Leprosy For Medical Practitioners and Paramedical Workers
recommended

Yawalker, S. (2009) C1

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Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections - Summary

Woodhead M., F. Blasi, S. Ewig, et al. (2011) C2

The guidelines are to be used to guide the management of adults with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). As will be seen in the following text, this diagnosis, and the other clinical syndromes within this grouping, can be difficult to make accurately. In the absence of agreed definitions of th... more

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Global Atlas On Cardiovascular Disease Prevention And Control

World Health Organization, World Heart Federation, World Stroke Organization (2011) C_WHO

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Diabetes among Indigenous Peoples

International Diabetes Federation (IDF) International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2022) CC2

The IDF Diabetes Atlas report highlights the disproportionate prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Indigenous Peoples globally. It emphasizes the social and health disparities resulting from colonization, loss of traditional practices, and systemic inequities. The report includes prevalence dat... more

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The Diagnosis of leprosy slide sets

S.Noto; P.A.M.Schreuder and B. Naafs (2011) CC

slides

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Health emergency preparedness for imported cases of high-consequence infectious diseases

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ecdc) (2022) C_CDC

Preparedness planning is essential in order to respond effectively to outbreaks, including single case occurrences of highconsequence infectious diseases (HCID), such as the importation of a viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) case

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Serious adverse events following treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Singh-Phulgenda, S., Dahal, P., Ngu, R. et al. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2021) C1

Despite a historical association with poor tolerability, a comprehensive review on safety of antileishmanial chemotherapies is lacking. We carried out an update of a previous systematic review of all published clinical trials in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from 1980 to 2019 to document any reported ... more

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Desktop Helper No.2 - A practical guide to improve difficult-to-manage asthma in primary care

International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG (2024) CC

This guide provides a systematic, practical approach to support primary care and other healthcare professionals to improve the care of peopel over the age of 18 years with difficult to manage asthma.

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World Heart Federation Roadmap for Hypertension – A 2021 Update

Jemoon, P.; Séverin, T.; Amodeo, C. et al. Global Heart (2021) CC

The World Heart Federation (WHF) Roadmap series covers a large range of cardiovascular conditions. These Roadmaps identify potential roadblocks and their solutions to improve the prevention, detection and management of cardiovascular diseases and provide a generic global framework available for loca... more

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Neue Empfehlungen für die Umgebungsuntersuchungen bei Tuberkulose

Diel, R., G. Loytved, A.Nienhaus, et al. Deutsches Zentralkomitee zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose (2011) C2

DOI http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0030-1256439 Online-Publikation: 10. 5. 2011 Pneumologie 2011; 65: 359–378

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Psychosocial Issues for Children and Adolescents in Disasters

Speier, A.H. DHHS Publication (2005) CC

This manual provides information and guidance for individuals concerned with the mental health needs of children who experience major disasters. This background, training, and experience will vary and may include health and mental health professionals, professional and paraprofessional social servic... more

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Isoniazid Prophylactic Therapy for the Prevention of Tuberculosis in HIV Infected Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis of Randomized Trials

H. T. Ayele, M. S. M. van Mourik, T. P. A. Debray, et al. PLOS One (2015) CC

PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0142290 November 9, 2015; 1 / 16

Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand recommended

Leprosy For Medical Practitioners and Paramedical Workers recommended

Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand
recommended

Leprosy For Medical Practitioners and Paramedical Workers
recommended