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WHO's Response to the Ukraine Crisis. Interim Report. February to June 2022

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

The military offensive by the Russian Federation in Ukraine which began February 2022 has triggered one of the world’s fastest-growing displacement and humanitarian crisis, with geopolitical and economic ripples felt across the globe. The ongoing ... more

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Screening for cardiovascular disease risk and subsequent management in low and middle income countries: challenges and opportunities

Bovet, P.; Chiolero, A.; Paccaud, F. et al. Public Health Reviews (2015) CC

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), mainly heart attack and stroke, is the leading cause of premature mortality in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Identifying and managing individuals at high risk ... of CVD is an important strategy to prevent and control CVD, in addition to multisectoral population-based interventions to reduce CVD risk factors in the entire population. Methods: We describe key public health considerations in identifying and managing individuals at high risk of CVD in LMICs. Results: A main objective of any strategy to identify individuals at high CVD risk is to maximize the number of CVD events averted while minimizing the numbers of individuals needing treatment. Scores estimating the total risk of CVD (e.g. ten-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD) are available for LMICs, and are based on the main CVD risk factors (history of CVD, age, sex, tobacco use, blood pressure, blood cholesterol and diabetes status). Opportunistic screening of CVD risk factors enables identification of persons with high CVD risk, but this strategy can be widely applied in low resource settings only if cost effective interventions are used (e.g. the WHO Package of Essential NCD interventions for primary health care in low resource settings package) and if treatment (generally for years) can be sustained, including continued availability ofaffordable medications and funding mechanisms that allow people to purchase medications without impoverishing them (e.g. universal access to health care). Thisalso emphasises the need to re-orient health systems in LMICs towards chronic diseases management. Conclusion: The large burden of CVD in LMICs and the fact that persons with high CVD can be identified and managed along cost-effective interventions mean that health systems need to be structured in a way that encourages patient registration, opportunistic screening of CVD risk factors, efficient procedures for the management of chronic conditions (e.g. task sharing) and provision of affordable treatment for those with high CVD risk. The focus needs to be in primary care because that is where most of the population can access health care and because CVD programmes can be run effectively at this level. more

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Guidance on operational microplanning for COVID-19 vaccination

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

This publication is a companion document to the NDVP National Deployment and Vaccination Plans guidance, which provides a framework for countries to develop their national strategies. As countries face challenges with erratic vaccine supplies, use of ... more

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The TAP toolbox: exercises, tools and templates to support your tailoring antimicrobial resistance programmes plan

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

This Tailoring Antimicrobial Resistance Programmes (‎TAP)‎ process assists Member States in initiating and undertaking projects to address the spread of antimicrobial resistance (‎AMR)‎ in their countries. AMR is a complex problem requiring ... more

African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2020–2025 recommended

Implementation Guide for COVID-19 Vaccines in Africa recommended

Lymphatic filariasis: managing morbidity and preventing disability: an aide-mémoire for national programme managers, second edition recommended

African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2020–2025
recommended

Implementation Guide for COVID-19 Vaccines in Africa
recommended

Lymphatic filariasis: managing morbidity and preventing disability: an aide-mémoire for national programme managers, second edition
recommended