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Namibia’s Second Voluntary National Review Report on the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals Towards Agenda 2030

National Planning Commission; United Nations Namibia; et al. (2021) CC2

Reflecting its commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Namibia volunteered to undertake a second national review of the SDGs in 2021. The focus is on three SDG dimensions, namely, Economic, Social, and Environmental. These three dimensions are comprehensively integrated in ... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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The nature and contribution of innovative health financing mechanisms in the World Health Organization African region: A scoping review

Nabyonga-Orem J., Christmals C.D., Addai K.F. et al. Journal of Global Health (2023) CC

Achieving financial risk protection for the whole population requires significant financing for health. Health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are plagued with persistent underfunding, and recent reductions in official development assistance have been registered. To create fiscal ... more

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The cost of austerity: The toll of IMF conditionalities on access to health in Zambia

Make Way, Wemos (2024) CC

Zambia is facing a severe economic crisis marked by high inflation, increasing poverty and a heavy debt burden that is straining both its fiscal stability and progress in health outcomes. By 2020, the country's external debt reached United States dollars (USD) 12.7 billion, representing 108% of the ... more

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Health Financing Progress Matrix assessment, Kenya 2023: summary of findings and recommendations

Kenya Ministry of Health, World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) CC

This comprehensive HPFM report thoroughly explores Kenya’s health financing landscape. It provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of affairs and sheds light on required strategic changes in health financing. The report points out the need to improve public financial management within th... more

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Stratégie nationale de changement social et de comportement

Ministère de la Santé Publique, Hygiène et Prévention - République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) (2023) C2

Le "Plan Stratégique National de Communication pour le Changement Social et de Comportement en Lutte contre le Paludisme" de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) vise à renforcer les actions de prévention et de traitement du paludisme à travers un changement social et comportemental. Ce p... more

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WHO guidelines on meningitis diagnosis, treatment and care. Web Annex B. Qualitative and economic evidence reports
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

The guidelines are primarily intended for health-care professionals working in first- or second-level health-care facilities, including emergency, inpatient and outpatient services. They are also directed at policy-makers, health-care planners and programme managers, academic institutions, non-gover... more

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WHO guideline on preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2025) CC

The objectives of this guideline are the same as those of the 2011 edition, namely to provide evidence-based normative guidance on interventions to improve adolescent morbidity and mortality by reducing the chances of early pregnancy and its resulting poor health outcomes. The specific objectives of... more

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Country Office Annual Report 2022 Namibia-Update on the context and situation of children

UNICEF (2022) C_UNICEF

In 2022, Namibia had an estimated population of 2.6 million people, where 51 per cent per cent are females and 52.5 per cent of households in urban areas, with fast-growing urban informal settlements which lack access to basic services. Namibia has a young population; 42 per cent are children (0-17 ... more

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Safety of artemisinin and non-artemisinin antimalarials in the first trimester of pregnancy

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

Malaria in pregnancy is a significant health problem in malaria-endemic areas. It not only causes substantial childhood morbidity and mortality but also increases the risks of adverse events for pregnant women and their developing fetuses. Most of the burden in these areas is due to infection with P... more

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Evaluatin of the Namibian Community Health Workers Programme

UNICEF; USAID; Maternal and Child Survival Program (2017) C_UNICEF

In 2008 the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) commissioned a national health and social service system review which found that although some progress has been made in primary health care, provision of health services did not go beyond the health facilities, irrespective of the fast dist... more

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Namibia Country Operational Plan 2022 Strategic Direction Summary April 21 2022

U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (2022) CC2

Namibia is estimated to be at 94-97-93 as defined by the UNAIDS 95-95-95 treatment cascade, one of the first high burden countries to approach epidemic control. COP22 is about sustaining the impact of years of investment and partnership with the Namibian government and other stakeholders by employin... more

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Pregnant adolescents and nurses perspectives on accessibility and utilization of maternal and child health information in Ohangwena Region, Namibia

Shatilwe, J. T.; Hlongwana, K.; Mashamba-Thompson, T. P. (2022) CC2

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022 Apr 5;22(1):284. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04619-w. Adolescent reproductive health is still a challenge in Low and Middle Income Come Countries (LMICs). However, the reasons for the inability of most pregnant adolescent girls to access and utilize maternal and child heal... more

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Déploiement du traitement préventif intermittent du paludisme pendant la grossesse à base de sulfadoxine-pyriméthamine dans les communautés: guide du terrain

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS (2024) C_WHO

Le guide décrit les étapes essentielles et donne des orientations aux pays pour l’adoption et le déploiement du c-TPIg de manière à l’intégrer dans le système de santé existant. Il s’appuie sur les meilleures pratiques et les enseignements tirés des expériences pilotes dans 8 pays af... more

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Capacity Building for Malaria: How to Advise Guide

United States Agency for International Development USAID; Human Resources for Health in 2030 HRH2030 (2021) C_CDC

Developed under the USAID-supported HRH2030 Capacity Building for Malaria (CBM) initiative, this guide offers a comprehensive framework for advising National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) through the use of long-term technical advisors (LTTAs). It sets out key practices for implementing partner... more

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Malaria Case Management Training Manual for Health Professionals in Ethiopa. Participant Manual

Federal Ministry of Health FMOH, EThiopia (2022) CC

This malaria case management training manual was developed by the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) of Ethiopia, in collaboration with several national and international partners. Primarily based on WHO guidelines and training materials, as well as the 2022 national malaria guidelines and various te... more

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Communication pour le changement social et de comportement sur le paludisme Guide de référence des indicateurs

Partenariat RBM pour éradiquer le paludisme (2017) C2

2ieme edition. Ce guide présente un ensemble standardisé d'indicateurs pour le suivi et l'évaluation des programmes de communication pour le changement social et comportemental (CCS) ciblant la lutte contre le paludisme. Basée sur la première édition, publiée en 2014, cette deuxième édition... more

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Lignes directrices de l'OMS sur le paludisme

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

Les Lignes directrices de l'OMS sur le paludisme rassemblent les recommandations les plus récentes de l'Organisation pour le paludisme dans une plateforme en ligne facile à utiliser et à naviguer. Les Lignes directrices de l'OMS sur le paludisme remplacent 2 publications précédentes de l'OMS... more

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Community led-monitoring guide for key malaria programs for civil society organisations

Civil Society For Malaria Elimination CS4ME (2022) CC

Community led-monitoring is based on the principle that «Nothing that is done for us should be done without us”. The combination of this principle with evidence shows that community-led monitoring is an important driver of improved service delivery and health outcomes that needs to be re-empha... more

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Plan stratégique national de lutte contre le paludisme 2023-2026

Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique du Togo République Togolaise, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique (2023) C2

Le Plan Stratégique National de Lutte contre le Paludisme 2023–2026 du Togo définit les grandes orientations pour réduire de 65 % l’incidence et la mortalité liées au paludisme d’ici 2026, en comparaison avec les niveaux de 2022. Élaboré par le Programme National de Lutte contre le Pa... more

WHO guidelines on meningitis diagnosis, treatment and care. Web Annex B. Qualitative and economic evidence reports recommended

WHO guideline on preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries recommended

WHO guidelines on meningitis diagnosis, treatment and care. Web Annex B. Qualitative and economic evidence reports
recommended

WHO guideline on preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries
recommended