Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause permanent disability through disruption of the lymphatic system. This disease is caused by parasitic filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquitos. Mass drug administration (MDA) of antihelmintics is recommended by WHO to elimina...te lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. This study aims to produce the first geospatial estimates of the global prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection over time, to quantify progress towards elimination, and to identify geographical variation in distribution of infection.
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Many determinants are known to affect brain health at different stages of life. The position paper provides a conceptual framework for what brain health is and how brain health can be optimized throughout life with actions across the following clusters of determinants: physical health, healthy envir...onments, safety and security, learning and social connection, and access to quality services. Optimizing brain health can not only reduces the prevalence and burden of neurological disorders, but also improve mental and physical health overall and create positive social and economic impacts, all of which contribute to greater well-being and help advance society, irrespective of the presence or absence of disorders.
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The updated guidelines present a standard minimum dataset, priority indicators and recommendations to strengthen data use across HIV prevention, testing and treatment, and linkages to services for sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and cervical cancer. The guidelines also... cover the use of routinely collected data for HIV surveillance (including measurement of HIV prevalence and incidence) and emphasize the use of data from different sources to gain a better picture of epidemiologic trends. The whole collection you can download from here https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240055315
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The updated guidelines present a standard minimum dataset, priority indicators and recommendations to strengthen data use across HIV prevention, testing and treatment, and linkages to services for sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and cervical cancer. The guidelines also... cover the use of routinely collected data for HIV surveillance (including measurement of HIV prevalence and incidence) and emphasize the use of data from different sources to gain a better picture of epidemiologic trends.
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23 March 2021
The meeting addressed the last key area, that is, determining the best method or combination of diagnostic methods for a control programme for S. stercoralis infections in humans.
Dr Montresor’s presentation highlighted that while there is currently no “gold standard” for the... diagnosis of S. stercoralis, there is a felt urgency to optimize diagnostic regimens that are currently available, and in the context of population-based testing (as opposed to individual focused diagnostics in clinical settings).
In other words, the diagnostic test(s) should have good accuracy, but we should remember that in public health we do not aim at individual diagnosis: rather, we need a tool that should help to estimate the prevalence in a population.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs, though it can affect any organ in the body. It can develop when bacteria spread through droplets in the air. TB can be fatal, but in many cases, TB is preventable and treatable. This report examines the human rights impact of... the prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) and Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among the Indigenous San peoples of Namibia. Combining political economy and root-cause methodology, the report explores the socioeconomic factors that make the San vulnerable to TB and limit their access to adequate health services.
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Systematic screening for TB disease is the systematic identification of people at risk for TB disease, in a predetermined target group, by assessing symptoms and using tests, examinations or other procedures that can be applied rapidly.
Systematic screening can benefit people who are at risk of get...ting TB, as early detection and start of treatment can improve their outcomes and reduce their costs. It can also benefit entire communities at higher risk for TB, by reducing the prevalence of TB disease and preventing future cases.
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To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and HIV expenditure, UNAIDS carried out a modelling study on fiscal space for health and HIV. From a sample of 28 countries, three countries—the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jamaica, and Lesotho—were selected to capture health and HIV ...expenditure impacts across countries with especially marked differences in burdens of disease (including HIV prevalence), HIV donor dependency, level of economic development, and geographic location. While the three-country sample is too small to permit findings to be generalized to other countries, these analyses are useful for informing UNAIDS’ work to identify some policy positions to minimize the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the HIV response.
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Accessed on 20.10.2020
These statistical profiles present the latest available data on female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) for 30 countries where FMG/C is concentrated. They provide figures on how widespread the practice of FGM/C is, when and how it is performed, and what women and men thin...k about the practice. Trends in prevalence and attitudes are also presented.
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The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases detected and reported in each country is influenced by
many factors including limited access and/or utilization of healthcare and COVID-19 testing, limited
surveillance, lack of knowledge amongst the population about when to seek testing, an asymptomatic pres...entation, and other unknown issues. This is true in all countries of the world, and not Africa specific, however there are factors unique to Africa which may also affect the way the virus behaves there. COVID-19 prevalence data are critical for planning effective mitigation strategies and understandingthe true impact of the disease and relevant intervention measures in Africa, which might be quite different from regions with a different population age distribution or risk factor profile.
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High levels of storage iron may increase malaria susceptibility. This risk has not been investigated in semi-immune adolescents. We investigated whether baseline iron status of nonpregnant adolescent girls living in a high malaria transmission area in Burkina Faso affected malaria risk during the fo...llowing rainy season. For this prospective study, we analysed data from an interim safety survey, conducted six months into a randomised iron supplementation trial. We used logistic regression to model the risk of P. falciparum infection prevalence by microscopy, the pre-specified interim safety outcome, in relation to iron status, nutritional indicators and menarche assessed at recruitment.
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Ethiopia is home to 25 million girls and women who have experienced FGM. More than half are in the regions of Oromia and Amhara. Overall, 65 per cent of girls and women aged 15 to 49 have undergone FGM. The highest prevalence is in the Somali (99 per cent) and Afar (91 per cent) regions
These statistical profiles present the latest available data on female genital mutilation (FGM) for 31 countries where FGM is concentrated. They provide figures on how widespread the practice of FGM is, when and how it is performed, and what women and men think about the practice. Trends in prevale...nce and attitudes are also presented.
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Accessed on 22.03.2020
Le Gouvernement du Burkina Faso a pris en compte au niveau du deuxième axe stratégique du Plan National de Développement Economique et Social (PNDES) 2016 – 2020 la nécessité de développer des actions allant dans le sens de la mitigation de l’impact du VIH sur les... populations. Deux CSLS successifs couvrant les périodes 2001-2005 et 2006 – 2010 ont été mis en œuvre contribuant de manière significative à baisser et à stabiliser la progression de la pandémie, en ramenant le taux de séroprévalence de 7,17% en 1997 à 0.90% en fin 2014 selon les estimations de l’ONUSIDA. Malgré cette évolution positive, le Burkina Faso demeure en situation d’épidémie généralisée. Ce même rapport mentionne que le nombre de PVVIH est estimé à 110.000, dont 57.000 femmes. 75.000 enfants sont estimés orphelins du fait du Sida. L’EDS IV réalisée en 2010 note que la prévalence en population générale présente des disparités selon le sexe. En effet, les femmes ont une prévalence de 1.2% contre 0.8% chez les hommes d’où un ratio H/F de 1.5 confirmant ainsi la théorie de la féminisation de l’infection pour des raisons à la fois socio-économiques et biologiques. Une étude récente conduite par le SP/CNLS ciblant les travailleuses du sexe (TS) a montré une prévalence au VIH de 16,19%, c’est à dire plus de 16 fois celle en population générale.
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Accessed on 10.03.2020
L’Enquête sur les Indicateurs du Paludisme, effectuée au Burkina Faso (EIPBF) en 2017-2018, fournit des données sur les indicateurs du paludisme tels que la prévention chez les femmes enceintes et les enfants, le diagnostic et le traitement chez les enfants, ainsi que... la prévalence de l’anémie et du paludisme pour mieux orienter les programmes.
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This document summarizes the findings of the STEPS survey in Ukraine and compares them with the results of STEPS surveys carried out in other countries in the WHO European Region, as well as with selected other surveys in Ukraine. The survey is designed to be repeated approximately every five years ...in each country to allow assessment of trends.
The study revealed very high prevalence of NCDs and their behavioural and biological risk factors in Ukraine. Data on behavioural risk factors include tobacco and alcohol use, diet, and physical activity. Data on biological risk factors include overweight and obesity, blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid levels.
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Risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Ukraine in 2019. This document summarizes the findings of the STEPS survey in Ukraine and compares them with the results of STEPS surveys carried out in other countries in the WHO European Region, as well as with selected other surveys in Ukraine. The sur...vey is designed to be repeated approximately every five years in each country to allow assessment of trends.
The study revealed very high prevalence of NCDs and their behavioural and biological risk factors in Ukraine. Data on behavioural risk factors include tobacco and alcohol use, diet, and physical activity. Data on biological risk factors include overweight and obesity, blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid levels.
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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) represent a range of physical, mental, and behavioral disabilities caused by alcohol use during pregnancy, or prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). FASDs are considered to be one of the leading preventable causes of developmental disability. Despite its high preval...ence, FASD is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, making interventions more challenging or delayed.
his publication was initially developed for use in Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas and is intended to serve as a training workbook for providers of various disciplines to learn about the fundamentals of diagnosing FASD and to apply them to several case scenarios. It also discusses ethical implications of diagnosing FASD to the mother and child. Target audiences include physicians, psychologists, allied health professionals, social workers, and other providers that may encounter individuals affected by FASD. It is ideally used as a supplement for in-person training by experts in the fields of dysmorphology, epidemiology, and neuropsychology.
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Policy brief. HIV testing services (HTS) and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) have been scaled up substantially. It is estimated that, globally, nearly 80% of people with HIV now know their status. With the offer of immediate ART initiation and improved treatment options, access to and uptake of treatm...ent have increased, too. Now, most people with HIV who know their status are obtaining treatment and care.
In response to these changes in the global HIV epidemic, WHO is encouraging countries to use three consecutive reactive tests for an HIV-positive diagnosis as their treatment-adjusted prevalence and national HTS positivity fall below 5% .
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Ce rapport présente les résultats clés de la cinquième Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Cameroun
(EDSC-V) réalisée sur le terrain du 16 juin 2018 au 19 janvier 2019, par l’Institut National de la Statistique
(INS), en étroite collaboration avec le Ministère de la Santé Publique. ...L’enquête a été financée par le
Gouvernement camerounais, l’Agence des États-Unis pour le Développement International (USAID), le Fonds
des Nations Unies pour la Population (UNFPA) et le Fonds Mondial à travers le Programme National de Lutte
contre le Paludisme (PNLP). D’autres institutions ont également apporté leur expertise à la réalisation de cette
opération. Parmi elles figurent le Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC) pour l’analyse des prélèvements sanguins
afin d’estimer la prévalence du VIH, et le Centre International de Référence Chantal Biya (CIRCB) pour le
contrôle de qualité externe des tests du VIH. ICF a fourni l’assistance technique à l’ensemble du projet par le
biais du Programme Mondial des Enquêtes Démographiques et de Santé, The DHS Program, financé par
l’USAID, et dont l’objectif est de fournir un soutien et une assistance technique aux pays du monde entier pour
la réalisation des enquêtes sur la population et la santé.
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