the aid library

LIST OPTIONS

Filter

5683

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

Download (220)

View PDF (200)

Population and Individual Approach to the Prevention and Management of Diabetes and Obesity

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2011) C_WHO

The Resolution Population and Individual Approaches to the Prevention and Management of Diabetes and Obesity was approved by the 48th Directing Council of the Pan American Health Organization, September 29- October 3, 2008, in response to the epidemic of obesity and diabetes currently affecting the ... more

Download (260)

View PDF (238)

Faith sector response to hiv and aids in kenya action plan 2015/2016-2019/2020

Ministry of Health, Kenya; National AIDS Control Council (2015) C1

The National AIDS Control Council (NACC) continues to strengthen partnerships with all stakeholders in the response to HIV and AIDS in Kenya. While recognizing that there is no single preventive approach to reverse the spread of HIV, the faith sector comprising of Faith Communities (FCs) a... more

Download (287)

View PDF (413)

Vital Roles of nurses and midwifes in the western pacific region

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

This document outlines why and how nurses and midwives are important, not only for individual health optimization but also to achieve the thematic priorities of For the Future. More specifically, it provides case studies to showcase the amazing work that nurses and midwives across the Region are doi... more

External Link

One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022-2026)

World Organisation for Animal Health Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; United Nations Enviroment Programme; Wolrd Health Organization; World Organisation for Animal Health (2022) C_WHO

The desired impact of the OH JPA is a world better able to prevent, predict, detect and respond to health threats and improve the health of humans, animals, plants and the environment while contributing to sustainable development. The OH JPA aims to work towards this vision in the following way: ... more

Download (719)

View PDF (1420)

Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

The Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy provide state-of-the-art knowledge and evidence on leprosy diagnosis, treatment and prevention based on a public health approach in endemic countries. The target audience of this document includes policy-makers in leprosy or infec... more

Download (456)

View PDF (560)

Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guideline

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

The WHO Guidelines on risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia provide evidence-based recommendations on lifestyle behaviours and interventions to delay or prevent cognitive decline and dementia. These WHO Guidelines are an important tool for health care providers as well as governments, pol... more

Download (479)

View PDF (717)

Consolidated strategic information guidelines for viral hepatitis planning and tracking progress towards elimination: guidelines

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

The document describes the use of strategic information at various stages of the response in the context of strengthening broader health information systems. Strategic information can be defined as data collected at all service delivery and administrative levels to inform policy and programme decisi... more

Download (474)

View PDF (481)

National Guidelines for Health Care Waste Management in Ghana

Ministry of Health and Ministry of Environment Ghana (2019) CC

Ghana's attempt to regulate health care waste management started in 2002 with the development of guidelines on health care waste manage-ment by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In 2006, the Ghana Health Service (GHS) also developed the Health Care Waste Management Policy and Guidelines as ... more

Download (342)

View PDF (730)

Networking for Policy Change A Participant’s Guide

Stop TB Partnership; World Health Organization; Constella Futures (2007) C_WHO

Networking for Policy Change: TB/HIV Participant’s Guide WHO/HTM/TB/2007.384b “TB is too often a death sentence for people with AIDS. It does not have to be this way.” -Nelson Mandela, International conference on HIV and AIDS, Bangkok, Thailand, July 2004.

Download (275)

View PDF (548)

The Core Elements of Human Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Resource-Limited Settings

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2018) C_CDC

Antibiotic stewardship refers to coordinated efforts and activities that seek to measure and improve use of antibiotics. Implementation of ASPs has demonstrated positive public health and clinical impacts including reducing costs, lengths of hospital stays, and the burden of antibiotic resistance wh... more

Download (330)

View PDF (504)

Regional action framework for noncommunicable disease prevention and control in the Western Pacific

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The Regional Action Framework for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Control provides a unified vision of objectives and recommended actions to combat the noncommunicable disease (‎NCD)‎ epidemic in the Western Pacific Region. Implementation should be supported by cross-sectoral coordination... more

Download (267)

View PDF (302)

State of the 2020 World's Nursing - Investing in education, jobs and leadership

World Health Organization WHO (2020) CC

The State of the world’s nursing 2020 report provides the latest, most up-to-date evidence on and policy options for the global nursing workforce.

Download (457)

View PDF (451)

Promoting access to medical technologies and innovation, second edition, 30 August 2021

World Health Organization WHO and World Intellectual Property Organization WTO, WHO, WIPO (2021) CC

The second edition of the joint WHO, WIPO and WTO publication “Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation: Intersections between public health, intellectual property and trade” (the Trilateral Study),* published in 2020, included a special insert mappi... more

Download (464)

View PDF (813)

UN-Water GLAAS TrackFin Initiative: tracking financing to sanitation, hygiene and drinking-water at national level

World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

This guidance document sets out a methodology to identify and track financing to the WASH sector in a coherent and consistent manner across several countries. It is designed to help countries track financing to the WASH sector on a regular and comparable basis and analyse this information to support... more

Download (230)

View PDF (241)

The First Few X (FFX) Cases and contact investigation protocol for 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

The following protocol has been designed to investigate the First Few X cases (FFX) and their close contacts. It is envisioned that the FFX 2019-nCoV investigation will be conducted across several countries or sites with geographical and demographical diversity. Using a standardized protocol such a... more

Download (512)

View PDF (781)

Interim Planning Guidance for Preparedness and Response to a Mass Casualty Event Resulting from Terrorist Use of Explosives

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Dept. of Health and Human Services (2010) C1

The purpose of this interim guidance is to provide information and insight to assist public policy and health system leaders in preparing for and responding to an MCE caused by terrorist use of explosives (TUE). This document provides practical information to promote comprehensive mass casualty ca... more

Download (329)

View PDF (314)

Global genomic surveillance strategy for pathogens with pandemic and epidemic potential, 2022–2032

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The Strategy provides a high-level unifying framework to leverage existing capacities, address barriers and strengthen the use of genomic surveillance in the detection, monitoring and response to public health threats. Genomic surveillance is part of the broader surveillance and laboratory system, a... more

Download (295)

View PDF (363)

The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment

U.S. Global Change Research Program (2016) C2

The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment Climate change is a significant threat to the health of the American people. This scientific assessment examines how climate change is already affecting human health and the changes that may occur in the fu... more

Download (290)

View PDF (419)

“Crafting the mosaic” A framework for resilient surveillance for respiratory viruses of epidemic and pandemic potentia

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

It is impossible to address the many complex needs of respiratory virus surveillance with a single surveillance system. Multiple systems, investigations and studies must each be fit-for-purpose to specific priority surveillance objectives, and only together can they provide essential information to ... more

Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy recommended

Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy
recommended