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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Assessing Health Vulnerabilities and Adaptation to Climate Change

Berry, P.; P. M. Enright, J. Shumake-Guillemot et al. (2018) CC

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(12), 2626; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122626 Climate change is increasing risks to human health and to the health systems that seek to protect the safety and well-being of populations. Health authorities require information about current associatio... more

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Creating peer support groups in mental health and related areas WHO QualityRights training to act, unite and empower for mental health (P I L O T V E R S I O N)

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

This document has been developed to support countries to develop and strengthen peer support groups in mental health and related areas. It addresses the provision of peer support groups in the context of health services and the wider community.

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A double dose of inequality; Pharma companies and the Covid-19 vaccines crisis

Amnesty International (2022) C2

22 Sept. 2021 The rapid development of effective Covid-19 vaccines in 2020 gave hope to the world in the darkest days of the deadly pandemic. However, the vaccine roll-out has been massively skewed towards wealthy nations. While rich states have hoarded vaccines, companies have also played a decisi... more

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mhGAP Intervention Guide Mental Health Gap Action Programme Version 2.0 for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings
recommended

Tarun Dua, Nicolas Clark, Neerja Chowdhary et al. World Health Organisation (WHO) (2016) C_WHO

The key updates include: content update in various sections based on new evidence; design changes for enhanced usability; a streamlined and simplified clinical assessment that includes an algorithm for follow-up; inclusion of two new modules - Essential Care and Practice that includes general guid... more

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Bringing together physical and mental health

Chris Naylor; Preety Das; Shilpa Ross et al. The Kings Fund (2016) C1

A new frontier for integrated care. Until now, most efforts to promote integrated care have focused on bridging the gaps between health and social care or between primary and secondary care. But the NHS five year forward view has highlighted a third dimension – bringing together physical and ment... more

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Key Considerations for Introducing New HIV Point-of-Care Diagnostic Technologies in National Health Systems

United National Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2018) C_UNICEF

This document describes the key areas that national governments should consider for the introduction and scale-up of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics within national programmes, as new innovative POC technologies are being introduced into the market. The next steps taken to include these new innovati... more

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Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities: status in low and middle income countries and way forward.

Maria Neira, Edward Kelley, Mickey Chopra et al. World Health Organization, UNICEF (2015)

This report presents, for the first time, a global assessment of the extent to which health care facilities provide essential water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services. Drawing on data from 54 low- and middle-income countries, the report concludes that 38% lack access to even rudimentary levels ... more

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Guidelines on mental health promotive and preventive interventions for adolescents

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

The Guidelines on promotive and preventive mental health interventions for adolescents - Helping Adolescents thrive (HAT), provide evidence-informed recommendations on psychosocial interventions to promote mental health, prevent mental disorders, and reduce self-harm and other risk behaviours among ... more

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Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition : Volume 9.

Jamison, Dean T.; Gelband, Hellen; Horton, Susan, et al. World Bank (2017) CC

As the culminating volume in the DCP3 series, volume 9 will provide an overview of DCP3 findings and methods, a summary of messages and substantive lessons to be taken from DCP3, and a further discussion of cross-cutting and synthesizing topics across the first eight volumes. The introductory chapte... more

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Is enough attention given to climate change in health service planning? An Australian perspective

Burton, A.; Bambrick, H.; Friel, S. (2014) CC

Within an Australian context, the medium to long-term health impacts of climate change are likely to be wide, varied and amplify many existing disorders and health inequities. How the health system responds to these challenges will be best considered in the context of existing health facilities and ... more

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Bearing the brunt: The impact of COVID-19 on older people in low- and middle-income countries – insights from 2020

HelpAge (2021) C1

The report shows that older people are not getting the healthcare treatments they desperately need. The COVID-19 response has disrupted services for non-communicable diseases such as cancer and diabetes, communicable diseases such as malaria, and much-needed services for mental health. Combined with... more

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Libya: National Action Plan on Prevention and Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance

State of Libya (2019) C_WHO

The Libyan national action plan has been aligned with WHO five objectives. Analysis of the current situation and addressing the gaps and the needs to reach the main goal “one health” approach involves several national sectors and actors, including human and veterinary health, agriculture and foo... more

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Health in the green economy : health co-benefits of climate change mitigation - transport sector

World Health Organization (WHO) (2012) C_WHO

The threat climate change poses to health, equity, and development has been rigorously documented. However, in an era marked by economic crisis, regional conflicts, natural disasters and growing disparities between rich and poor, the joint global actions required to address climate change have been ... more

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Situation Assessment of Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Bangladesh 2016

Valerie Karr et al. Institute for Community Inclusion at University of Massachusetts (2016) C1

The purpose of the situation assessment was to execute a situation analysis for Autism and Neurodevelopment Disorder (NDD) in Bangladesh. The situation assessment covers the following areas: a review of the scale and prevalence of NDD with trends of the disorder in the recent past in Bangladesh (see... more

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A Policy Guide for Implementing Essential Interventions for Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (RMNCH)

World Health Organization (2014)

The Compendium brings together for the first time key consensus-based policy recommendations and guidance to improve the delivery of proven interventions to women and children. The user-friendly format incorporates icons and tabs to present key health-related policies that support the delivery of es... more

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Prevalence, infection intensity and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis among pre‑school and school aged children in villages surrounding Lake Nyasa

Deogratias Mazigo, H.; Uisso, C.; Kazyoba, P. et al. Nature Research (2021) CC

The sub-Saharan African region, carries 90% of the over 250 million cases of schistosomiasis occurring worldwide. In this region, after Nigeria, Tanzania is second country having the highest cases of schistosomiasis and approximately 51.5%0 of the Tanzanian population is either exposed or live in ar... more

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Averting ethnocide: : Indigenous peoples and territorial rights in crisis in the face of COVID-19 in Latin America

Oxfam (2020) CC

There are indigenous communities at high risk in every country of the region. At stake are the lives of 45 million people who belong to more than 800 indigenous peoples. Of these, some 100 are spread across several countries, around 200 maintain voluntary isolation or are in initial contact, and nea... more

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Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Ministry of Health - Comprehensive TB Guidelines for National Tuberculosis Program, V Edition

Government of Timor-Leste; World Health Organization (2023) CC

The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste has the highest TB incidence rate in the South East Asian Region - 498 per 100,000, which is the seventh highest in the world. In Timor-Leste TB is the eighth most common cause of death. The salient observations are as follows: In 2018, 487 (12.5%) of the... more

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Direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and response in South Asia

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2021) C_UNICEF

It estimates that there have been 228,000 additional deaths of children under five in these six countries [Afghanistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka] due to crucial services, ranging from nutrition benefits to immunisation, being halted. It says the number of children being tr... more

mhGAP Intervention Guide Mental Health Gap Action Programme Version 2.0 for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings recommended

mhGAP Intervention Guide Mental Health Gap Action Programme Version 2.0 for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings
recommended