This volume contains monographs prepared at the ninety-first meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), which met virtually online from 1 to 12 February 2021.
The detailed monographs in this volume summarize data on specific contaminants in food. Individual monographs ...present the assessment of exposure to cadmium from all food sources, the technical, analytical, dietary exposure and toxicological data on ergot alkaloids, an assessment of five substances that may occur as previous cargoes, and a revision of the specifications for steviol glycosides. This volume and others in the WHO Food Additives series contain information that is useful to those who produce and use food additives and veterinary drugs and those involved with controlling contaminants in food, government and food regulatory officers, industrial testing laboratories, toxicological laboratories and universities.
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                                                                Poster - Handle Antibiotica with care
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                Indian markets caused a stir across the country.1
According to the Centre for Science and the Environment (CSE), a respected New Delhi-based NGO, most honey brands
sold in India contained varying amounts of antibiotics. Their consumption over time could induce resistance to antibiotics,
putting p...eople at risk of treatment failure in case of severe infections.
For the study, 12 samples were picked in Delhi, all well-known brands, including one each from Australia and Switzerland.
Antibiotics found included Chloramphenicol and various broad-spectrum drugs such as Ciprofloxacin and Erythromycin.
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                                                                El  abuso  y  el  uso  indebido  de  los  antibióticos  en  animales y humanos están contribuyendo al aumento de  la  resistencia  a  estos  fármacos.  Algunos  tipos  de  bacterias  causantes  de  infecciones  humanas  graves  ya son resistentes a la mayoría o a la totalidad de los tratamientos... disponibles, y hay muy pocas alternativas prometedoras en fase de investigació
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                                                                In 1998 the Swedish Veterinary Association decided to adopt a general policy for the use of antibiotics in animals. Since then specifi c policies for the use of antibiotics in dogs and cats have been adopted and in 2011 Guidelines for the use of Antibiotics in Production animals – Cattle and Pigs,... were accepted. By decision of the board of the Swedish Veterinary Society (SVS) these guidelines have been updated. Th  e over-arching goal of SVS is to achieve a low and controlled use of antibiotics in Swedish animal production so that the fi rst-hand choices of treatment remain effi  cient and that the spread of antimicrobial resistance – among animals and herds as well as in the food chain – is kept at a minimum. Keeping antimicrobial resistance in animals low is important also for human health, since we are all part of the same ecosystem. Th  e authors of these guidelines hope that they may be useful for veteri-narians in clinical practice when deciding on treatments for common diseases and ailments caused by bacteria. Sometimes the decision may even be to refrain from use of antibiotics and chose other ways of improving herd health.
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                                                                L’utilisation excessive ou inadaptée des antibiotiques chez  l’homme  et  chez  l’animal  contribue  à  amplifier  la menace provenant de la résistance à ces produits. Certains types de bactéries susceptibles de provoquer des  infections  graves  chez  les  humains  sont  déjà  devenus ...  résistants   à   la   plupart   des   traitements   disponibles   et   très   peu   d’options   prometteuses   sont  actuellement  en  cours  de  développement  pour  prendre le relais
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                                                                Le Sénégal et la FAO travaillent ensemble pour le développement durable depuis de nombreuses décennies. L’atteinte des objectifs de développement durable (ODD)représente undéfimajeur pour l’ensemble des pays, exigeant un renouveau dans les combinaisons entre les politiques, les programmes..., les partenariatset les investissements. La sécurité alimentaire et l’agriculture étantreconnues comme des priorités du Programme de développement durableà l'horizon 2030(ouProgramme2030), la FAO metson expérience et son expertiseau service de lamiseenœuvreetdusuivides ODD au Sénégal. Nous sommes prêts à agir, pour devenir ensemble la génération faim zéro.
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                                                                Overuse  and  misuse  of  antibiotics  in  animals  and humans is contributing to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance. Some types of bacteria that  cause  serious  infections  in  humans  have  already  developed  resistance  to  most  or  all  of  the available treatments, and there are very... few promising options in the research pipeline
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                                                                Supporting the food and agriculture sectors in implementing the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance to minimize the impact of antimicrobial resistance
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                Antimicrobial  resistance(AMR)  poses  a  serious  threat  to human,  animal  and  environmental health. Implementing  ethical  practice  guidelines  on  how  to  use  antimicrobials  effectively  and  responsibly within  the  pig  industry  will  contribute  in  reducing  and  preventing  antimicro...bial  resistance  within  the pig  industry  of  South  Africa. Members  of  Pig  Vet  Society  (PVS)  SA  hereby  commit  themselvesto  put these guidelines into good use in order to preserve the future and effectiveness of antimicrobials. PVS aims  to  be  the  leader  in  prevention  of antimicrobial  resistance  and  to  encourage  the  pig  industry  to work together in achieving this.
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                                                                This policy brief identifies and explains the main reasons behind the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with improper use of antibiotics in the livestock sector. Focusing on the low- and middle- income country setting, this brief provides recommendations for a deliberated policy stra...tegy aimed to prevent healthcare crisis that could happen as a result of AMR.
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                                                                Antimicrobial  resistance  (AMR)  is  a  natural  phenomenon  in  which  microorganisms  such  as  bacteria,  viruses,  fungi  and  parasites  adapt  to  antimicrobial  agents  and  cause  medications  to  be  ineffective  for  its  curing  purpose.  AMR  is  often  the  consequence  of  any  use  o...f  antimicrobial drugs, exacerbated by inappropriate use.
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                                                                Since  the  introduction  of  penicillin  in  the  early  twentieth  century,  antimicrobial  treatments  have  been utilized not only in human medicine but also in veterinary care – initially to ward off diseases, prevent post-surgery infections, and treat sick farm animals.Global food production... has intensified over the past 50 years due to economic expansion and popu-lation growth. The use of antimicrobials in agriculture – in livestock, fish farming, and even on crops – has grown as well. Antimicrobials are not only used as medicines, but are sometimes also added in low concentrations to animal feed as a way of stimulating growth.
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                                                                In  May  2015,  the  Sixty-eighth  World  Health  Assembly  recognized  the  importance  of  the  public  health  problem  posed  by  antimicrobial  resistance by adopting the global action plan on antimicrobial  resistance  (“global  action  plan”).  The  global  action  plan  proposes  interve...ntions  to  control  antimicrobial  resistance,  including  reducing the unnecessary use of antimicrobials in  humans  and  in  animals.  The  global  action  plan   also   emphasizes   the   need   to   take   a   cross-sectoral,   “One   Health”   approach   for   controlling  antimicrobial  resistance,  involving  efforts    by    actors    from    many    disciplines    including   human   and   veterinary   medicine.
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                                                                En mai 2015, en adoptant le Plan d’action mondial pour combattre  la  résistance  aux  antimicrobiens  («  Plan  d’action  mondial  »),  la  Soixante-Huitième  Assemblée  mondiale de la Santé a reconnu l’importance de cette résistance  en  tant  que  problème  majeur  de  santé  publi...que.  Le  Plan  propose  des  interventions  pour  lutter  contre  cette  résistance,  dont  la  réduction  des  usages  inutiles  d’antimicrobiens  chez  l’homme  et  chez  l’animal.  Il  souligne  aussi  la  nécessité  d’une  approche  intersectorielle,  «  Un  monde,  une  santé  »,  pour endiguer cette résistance, impliquant des efforts de la part d’acteurs de nombreuses disciplines, dont les médecines humaine et vétérinaire
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                                                                This short paper aims to identify key evidence gaps in our knowledge of livestock- and fisheries-linked antimicrobial resistance in the developing world, and to document on-going or planned research initiatives on this topic by key stakeholders.
The antimicrobial resistant (AMR) infections in anima...ls that are of most potential risk to human health are likely to be zoonotic pathogens transmitted through food, especially Salmonella and Campylobacter. In addition, livestock associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA MRSA) and extended spectrum beta lactamase E. coli (ESBL E. coli) are emerging problems throughout the world.
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                                                                En  mayo  de  2015,  la  68.a  Asamblea  Mundial  de  la  Salud reconoció la importancia del problema de salud pública que supone la resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM)  y  adoptó  un  Plan  de  acción  mundial  sobre  la  resistencia  a  los  antimicrobianos  (en  adelante,  el  ‘Plan de ...acción mundial’) que propone intervenciones para controlar dicha resistencia, y en particular para reducir  el  uso  innecesario  de  antimicrobianos  en  el  ser humano y los animales
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